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12 February 2012, Volume 16 Issue 7 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effect of innervation on bone healing after tooth extraction Lin Hai3, Wang Cheng-yong1, 2, Wang Jin3, Lu Meng1, 2, Chen Wei-hui1, 2, 3 2012, 16 (7):  1141-1144.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.001 Abstract ( 386 )   PDF (1346KB) ( 336 )   Save BACKGROUND: New bone formation and bone mass maintenance in extraction sockets is regulated by many factors in vivo. Nervous system regulates the bone metabolism by mediating osteoblasts and osteoclasts. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of innervation on bone healing and to probe the relationgship between innervation and bone healing in extraction sockets. METHODS: Dog unilateral inferior nerve was sectioned to establish an animal denervation model.The normal side was used as comparison. After model construction, the premolar of denervated side and normal side were extracted. Imagelogy method was used to test the bone formation and bone mass maintenance in the extraction sockets in the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The height, width and CT values in extraction socket bone defect sites of the experiment group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.01). The height of the buccal alveolar ridge in experiment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The height of the lingual alveolar ridge of experiment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). These findings indicate that innervations play an important role in the regulation of bone formation and bone mass maintenance in the extraction sockets; there is a close relationship between them. Related Articles | Metrics

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Human osteoblasts co-cultured with bone tissue and enzymatic digestion method in vitro Chen Jie1, Lan You-yu1, He Cheng-song1, Zhao Yi2, Liu Yi2 2012, 16 (7):  1145-1149.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.002 Abstract ( 333 )   PDF (1346KB) ( 327 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is difficult to culture osteoblasts, and different in cell number, purity, proliferation and differentiation activity obtained by different culture methods. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ideal culturing method of the human osteoblasts in vitro.  METHODS: Human osteoblasts were isolated from trabecular bone of ilium by bone tissue and enzymatic digestion methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The isolated and cultured human osteoblasts were in good condition and had a high purity. The cells were adherent growth, diversification in morphology, and mostly showed polygonal, spindle-shaped, triangular, and the cytoplasm was abundant and the spurt was stretched out. It has the typical characteristics of osteoblasts. The cells proliferation was well, alkaline phosphatase staining and mineralized nodules alizarin red staining was positive. We successfully cultured osteoblasts in vitro from trabecular bone of ilium by bone tissue and enzymatic digestion methods; it indicated that was the ideal method to culture osteoblasts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Ipriflavone on distraction osteogenesis Liu Xing-guang1, Zhang Zhi-chun1, 2, Zou Ji-rong2 2012, 16 (7):  1150-1152.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.003 Abstract ( 248 )   PDF (326KB) ( 353 )   Save BACKGROUND: The reports have shown that suitable concentration of Ipriflavone can promote the proliferation and differentiation of frontal osteoblasts of chick embryo, improve the alkaline phosphatase activity, increase the mineralization capacity of osteoblast and promote bone formation.  OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Ipriflavone on distraction osteogenesis of rabbits through implanted-distraction device.   METHODS: Forty Japanese white rabbits were used to establish the mandibular distraction osteogenesis models, and induced with Ipriflavone. At 1 day, 1, 2 and 3 weeks after distraction, the serological examination was preformed, and the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 at different time points was observed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 1 day, 1, 2 and 4 weeks after distraction, there was trabecular bone in the model induced with Ipriflavone, the osteoblasts were increased, and the alkaline phosphatase activity and transforming growth factor-β1 expression was increased (P < 0.05). Ipriflavone can effectively accelerate bone formation in distraction osteogenesis. a Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of electrical stimulation combined with exercise on the changes of bone metabolism and serum markers in postmenopausal osteoporosis rats Qin Rong-zhou, Xie Jiang-tao 2012, 16 (7):  1153-1156.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.004 Abstract ( 324 )   PDF (352KB) ( 295 )   Save BACKGROUND: Both electrical stimulation and exercise has good effects on the bone metabolism of ovariectomized rats, but research on combined intervention of electrical stimulation and exercise in the ovariectomized rats is rare. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of appropriate exercise prescription combined with electrical stimulation on postmenopausal osteoporosis. METHODS: The rats were divided into sham, osteoporosis model, exercise, electrical stimulation, and exercise+electrical stimulation groups, and the osteoporosis models of the last four groups were established and corresponding interventions were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the sham group, osteocalcin concentration in the exercise+electrical stimulation group was increased (P < 0.05), and tartrate-resistant alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased (P < 0.01) but estradiol levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the exercise, electrical stimulation and exercise+electrical stimulation groups at 60 days after intervention. The results confirmed that exercise prescription combined with the low frequency electrical stimulation can promote bone formation, inhibit bone resorption, reduce osteoclasts secrete and prevent bone loss in the rats model of osteoporosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Basic fibroblast growth factors antagonize hydrogen peroxide damage to chondrocytes   Zhao Wen-bin, Yuan Xue-feng, Wang Mao-peng, Zhang Guo-liang, Chu Xiang-yu, Li Wen-kai, Wang Jiang, You Hong-bo 2012, 16 (7):  1157-1160.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.005 Abstract ( 324 )   PDF (473KB) ( 323 )   Save BACKGROUND: Whether basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) can antagonize hydrogen peroxide damage to chondrocytes is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the antagonism effect of bFGF on the hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage to rat knee-joint chondrocytes. METHODS: Chondrocyte apoptosis of Sprague Dawley (SD) rat knee-joint was induced by 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and    3.2 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide. Effective concentration for induced apoptosis was chosen, and then 1 μg/L bFGF was added into it for intervention. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The MTT data indicated that 0.2-1.6 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide could significantly induce apoptosis of chondrocytes of SD rat knee-joint. Apoptosis was increasing as the concentration was increased. The Hoechst33342 staining and flow cytometry results showed that 1 μg/L bFGF could antagonise the hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis to rat knee-joint chondrocytes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Diacerein on apoptosis of chondroctyes induced by interleukin-1 beta  Liao Jun-lin, Wang Sheng, Liu Ri-guang 2012, 16 (7):  1161-1164.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.006 Abstract ( 234 )   PDF (428KB) ( 318 )   Save BACKGROUND: Diacerein is a novel interleukin-1 blockers, researches regarding whether it can inhibit the apoptosis of chondrocytes and whether it plays the role through signaling pathway or not are rately. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Diacerein on the apoptosis of chondroctyes induced by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). METHODS: Articular chondrocytes of Sprague Dawley rats were cultured in vitro and identified by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence staining of collagen typeⅡ. The rats apoptosis model of articular chondrocytes was induced by IL-1β, and then treated with different concentrations of diacerein (10-4, 10-5, 10-6 mol/L). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Diacerein with the concentrations of 10-4 mol/L and 10-5 mol/L could decrease the apoptotic rate of chondrocytes which induced by IL-1β (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Diacerein with the concentrations of 10-5 mol/L could inhibit phosphorylation-p38 which induced by IL-1β (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the expression of p38 mRNA of model group was decreased by 3.78 times (P < 0.01). Diacerein can inhibit IL-1β-induced early apoptosis. The possible mechanism is related to the effects of Diacerein on the inhibition of the expression the protein and gene of p38. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 7 and transforming growth factor beta-1 in pathological scars compared with normal scars and healthy skin tissues Liu Ai-dong1, Wang Yue1, Pang Jiu- ling2, Li De-yan1, Liu Jun2 2012, 16 (7):  1165-1168.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.007 Abstract ( 257 )   PDF (389KB) ( 456 )   Save BACKGROUND: A thorough study on pathological scar pathogenesis at gene and protein level is of great value. OBJECTIVE: To explore the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 7 and transforming growth factor β1. METHODS: Pathological scar samples were collected after surgeries carried out in the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Workers’ Hospital of Tangshan, between 2004 and 2009. There were 54 samples of keloid and 42 samples of hypertrophic scar. A total of 45 regular scar samples gained from surgical resection due to noninfectious diseases were selected as control group. The expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 7 and transforming growth factor β1 were semi-quantitatively examined by flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 7 and transforming growth factor β1 in pathological scars were significantly higher than that in the normal scars and healthy skin tissues. The expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 7 and transforming growth factor β1 in normal scars were significantly higher than those in the healthy skin tissues. The expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 7 in pathological scars and normal scars were positively correlated with the expression of transforming growth factor β1. These results indicate that the high level expression and synergistic effect of matrix metalloproteinase 7 and transforming growth factor β1 may promote the occurrence and development of pathological scars. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of nerve growth factor injection via different ways on repair and regeneration of the sciatic nerve after its anastomosis Wang Li-ming, Tang Ji-cun, Xin Lin-wei, Li Qiang, Zhou Ying-qiong, Chen Hao, Gu Zhen-lin 2012, 16 (7):  1169-1172.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.008 Abstract ( 287 )   PDF (349KB) ( 396 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nerve growth factor (NGF) can promote the repair of nerve after nerve injury. However the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment methods are still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of intrathecal injection and local injection of NGF on repair and regeneration of rabbit sciatic nerve after its anastomosis. METHODS: Sciatic nerves from 24 New Zealand white rabbits were cut-off and then sutured. NGF at 30 μg or saline at the same dose were injected intrathecally or locally into the rabbits. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 12 weeks of sciatic nerve injury, the sheath of sciatic nerve was thickened in the intrathecal injection group, nerve fibers arranged in neat rows and was similar with normal nerve fibers; the nerve conduction velocity, number of myelinated nerve fibers and myelin sheath thickness in the intrathecal injection group were obviously increased compared with the other groups (P < 0.05), the local injection group took the second place. NGF can promote the repair and regeneration of peripheral nerve after its anastomosis, and the intrathecal injection NGF is superior to local injection. Related Articles | Metrics

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The mRNA alteration and correlation of Calpains and FoxOs during gastrocnemius muscle atrophy induced by sciatic nerve injury and cardiotoxin injection   Wu Rong-hua, Xu Man, Zhao Pan-feng, Liu Mei 2012, 16 (7):  1173-1179.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.009 Abstract ( 313 )   PDF (486KB) ( 383 )   Save BACKGROUND: The calpain family members (Calpains) and FoxO transcription factors (FoxOs) play important roles during muscle atrophy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the different expression patterns and correlations of Calpains (Calpain 1, Calpain 2, Calpain 3) and FoxO transcription factors (FoxO1 and FoxO3a) during gastrocnemius muscle atrophy induced by sciatic nerve injury and cardiotoxin injection. METHODS: The gastrocnemius muscle atrophic models were established by sciatic nerve injury and cardiotoxin injection. The mRNA level of Calpains and FoxOs were detected by real time quantitative PCR at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after injury. The linear regression analysis was performed to conduct the correlations between Calpains and FoxOs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression level of Calpain 1 (CAPN1), Calpain 2 (CAPN2) and FoxO3a mRNA reached to peak at 7 days after sciatic nerve injury, and then decreased gradually; the mRNA level of Calpain 3 (CAPN3) and FoxO1 reached to peak at 14 days after sciatic nerve injury, then declined. After cardiotoxin injection, the expression level of CAPN1, CAPN2 and FoxO3a mRNA rapidly reached to peak at 3 days after cardiotoxin injection and then slowly went back down; the mRNA level of FoxO1 found its climax at 7 days after cardiotoxin injection, while that of CAPN3 instantly got to its lowest point at 3 days after cardiotoxin injection. The result of linear regression analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the expression of CAPN3 and FoxO1 mRNA (r=0.901 5) during gastrocnemius muscle atrophy induced by sciatic nerve injury; And after cardiotoxin injection, the strong positive correlation existed between the mRNA level of CAPN1, CAPN2 and that of FoxO3a (r=0.898 7, r=0.937 4) respectively. The present study indicated that the mRNAs alteration of CAPN1 and CAPN2 was similar in the two different muscle injury models, while CANP3 displayed a different expression pattern.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Toll like receptor-4 is upregulated in mouse tail vein endothelial cells after Vinorelbine injection Qian Wei-wei, Chen Chong, Cao Jiang, Gao Li-yan, Zhou Ying, Tan Ying-chun, Li Zhen-yu 2012, 16 (7):  1180-1183.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.010 Abstract ( 263 )   PDF (407KB) ( 273 )   Save BACKGROUND: Toll like recptor-4 plays a key role in anti-infection immunity. Recently, Toll like recptor-4 has also been reported as an important moderator in noninfective inflammation reactions, including autoimmune diseases and tissue damage, such as myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Vinorelbine on the expression level of Toll like recptor-4 in mouse tail vein endothelial cells. METHODS: A number of 20 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into to experimental group and control group. Experimental mice were injected with Vinorelbine, while the control mice were injected with saline. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At the 48th hour after Vinorelbine injection, mouse tail vein endothelial cells became disrupted, and the tail vein presented phenomena of thrombosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. Toll like recptor-4 was positive in endothelial cells of damage location. In the control group, the tail vein vessels were intact and Toll like recptor-4 expression in endothelial cells was negative or very low. The results indicate that Toll like recptor-4 expression is up-regulated by Vinorelbine in mouse tail vein endothelial cells. It suggests that Toll like recptor-4 may involve in the development of vein vascular endothelial injury induced by Vinorelbine. Related Articles | Metrics

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Enhancing angiogenesis by improving the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and nuclear factor kappa B in surrounding tissues induced by astragalus polysaccharides collagen Zhou Yong1, Yao Chang2, Gao Feng1, Gao Wei-wei1, Chen Yun2, Mou Xue-hua2 2012, 16 (7):  1184-1187.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.011 Abstract ( 219 )   PDF (332KB) ( 331 )   Save BACKGROUND: Lots of traditional Chinese medicines with the effects of nourishment and angiogenesis have the similar functions with those of angiogenic growth factors. OBJECTIVE: To explore the angiogenic mechanism of astragalus polysaccharides (APS) collagen sponge by its regulating expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and the up signal pathway of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) protein. METHODS: Collagen sponges with and without APS immobilization were implanted inside subcutaneous pockets for 3, 7, 14 and 21 days respectively. The surrounding granulation tissue of collagen was taken to detect. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The number of miocrovessels in granulation tissue was increased at 3 days after modeling and reached to peak at 7 to 14 day, and then decreased gradually. The number of miocrovessels in granulation tissue and the expressions of VEGF-mRNA and NF-κB protein of surrounding tissues of collagen sponges with APS immobilization were higher than that without APS immobilization (P < 0.01). The protein expression of NF-κB was earlier than the expression of VEGF-mRNA and newborn miocrovessels. The partly angiogenic mechanisms of collagen sponges with APS may be realized through the activation of the NF-κB protein pathway to improve VEGF-mRNA expression in the surrounding tissues. Related Articles | Metrics

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Upgraded immunofluorescence method for formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue Hou Chang-he1, Zhang Yang-chun1, Yu Shi-ming2, Li Zi-qing1, Zhai Qi-yi3, Zhang Zi-ji1, Sheng Pu-yi1, 2, 4 2012, 16 (7):  1188-1192.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.012 Abstract ( 227 )   PDF (487KB) ( 572 )   Save BACKGROUND: Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue (FFPE) is apt for storage, and immunofluorescence method supports precise localization and quantitation as well as multiple labeling. OBJECTIVE: To establish an upgraded immunofluorescence method for FFPE tissue. METHODS: Paraffin sections of synovial vascular mantle and acetabular hyperplasia were obtained from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients and then preformed with routine dewaxing and rehydration. The retrieve durations, serum blockage time and primary antibody concentrations of different citric acid buffer and the color difference of fluorescent markers in the immunofluorescence were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with simple high-temperature repairing for 10-20 minutes, the tissue structure was preserved completely after high-temperature repairing for 15 minutes with citric acid followed by antigen retrieval solution, and there was no significant difference in background staining; the blockage of normal serum with 10% concentration of second antibody under room temperature was regarded as the best conditions of antigen. Under this condition, we could guarantee a good sealing effect, and would not affect the binding of primary antibody and antigen sites. Higher concentration of primary antibody   (10 mg/L) could ensure a clear fluorescence signal, low background and acceptable cost. The paraffin sections were preformed with immunofluorescence assay, and observed with an ordinary fluorescence microscope. The FITC excitation light blue and green fluorescence signal marked dye groups were avoided. High-temperature repairing for 15 minutes with citric acid followed by antigen retrieval solution, close the normal serum with 10% concentration of second antibody under room temperature for       40 minutes, relatively high primary antibody concentration and observe under ordinary fluorescence microscope can improve the quality of immunofluorescence detection.   Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro culture of rat synovial cells with four different treatment methods  Sun Gui-cai1, 2, Xu Yi-er1, Xie Jing-ri1, Yu Xue-feng2, Wu Hong-liang2, Ling Xiao-peng2 2012, 16 (7):  1193-1196.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.013 Abstract ( 249 )   PDF (345KB) ( 347 )   Save BACKGROUND: The common method to culture the primary synovial cells is tissue cultivation, enzyme digestion and mechanical dispersion method. OBJECTIVE: With four different methods to handle big rat synovial organization in vitro, and to observe the growth situations of synovial cells and explore the optimal method of knee joint synovial cells culture in vitro. METHODS: The organize block groups and the shear ground groups were treated with four different approaches: ①Digested without enzyme digestion; ②Digested by using collagenase type Ⅱ; ③Digested by using trypsin; ④Digested sequentially by using collagenase and trypsin. After treatment, groups were cultured according to natural link wall and artificially stick wall modes, respectively. Growth situation of synovial cells were observed by using inverted microscope. RESUTLS AND CONCLUSION: Nine days later, the number of cells in organization shear group treated without enzyme digestion and artificially stick wall was 2.03×106, and that was the largest number in all the culture method. The survival rate was the highest which could reach to 95%, which was better than natural link wall. The shape of the tissue, concentration of the enzyme and the way to link played an important role on cells culture. The optimal method to in vitro culture rats knee synovial cells was tissue shear ground without enzymes dealing and cultivated with artificially stick wall. Related Articles | Metrics

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Damage effect of focused ultrasound on sheep liver and spleen Han Yan-yan, Wang Gang, Li Fang, Xie Jun 2012, 16 (7):  1197-1200.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.014 Abstract ( 259 )   PDF (313KB) ( 356 )   Save BACKGROUND: High-intensity focused ultrasound can induce tissue damages. OBJECTIVE: To study the damage effect of focused ultrasound on the tissues of sheep liver and spleen. METHODS: Focused ultrasounds with different intensities and different methods were used to radiate the livers in vivo, livers and spleens in vitro of five sheep. Visual and pathological changes were observed after radiation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The immediate damage of tissues of livers in vitro with focused ultrasound was more severe than the livers in vivo after 1 week of radiation therapy; in therapies with different intensities, the tissue damage of “#” method was more severe than “=” method in both in vivo and in vitro sheep livers; no significant damage was observed in sheep spleens in vitro with radiation therapies with different intensities and methods; focused ultrasound radiation of III file and “#” method resulted in a great number of hepatic cells with focal degeneration and coagulative necrosis; focused ultrasound radiation of IV file and “#” method on in vivo sheep liver tissues resulted in inflammatory fibrous granulomatous nodules under envelope and coagulative necrosis in large central areas; focused ultrasound radiation of IV file and “#” method on sheep liver tissues in vitro resulted in scattered hepatic lobule structures in most regions under envelope, significantly expanded hepatic sinus and significantly narrower hepatic cords, messy and unclear. Focused ultrasound with III file and “#” methods can damage sheep hepatic cells selectively according to design requirements, and provided experimental basis of treatment of allergic rhinitis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation and cultivation of bovine corneal stromal fibroblasts by two-step collagenase digestion method Liu Man-li1, Zou Wen-jin1, Huang Ming-han2, Zeng Jing1 2012, 16 (7):  1201-1205.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.015 Abstract ( 278 )   PDF (442KB) ( 438 )   Save BACKGROUND: Obtaining corneal stromal fibroblasts with high purity, activity and biological characteristics closer to in vivo state is the foundation of corneal restoration research. OBJECTIVE: To develop a new culture method for bovine corneal stromal fibroblasts in vitro. METHODS: The bovine corneal stroma was digested by type Ⅰcollagenase using two-step digestion method to prepare suspension. The cell suspension was transferred into culture bottles for cultivation. Cells in good growth status were subcultured. Cell survival rate was measured by trypan blue staining immediately after digestion. The growth status of bovine corneal stromal fibroblasts was dynamically observed using inverted phase-contrast microscope. Immunohistochemical staining with vimentin was used to identify the bovine corneal fibroblasts. Cell proliferation was detected using MTT assay. Bovine corneal stromal fibroblasts in logarithmic growth phase were obtained for growth curves and doubling time. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bovine corneal stromal fibroblasts were successfully isolated and cultured in vitro. Microscopic examination and immunohistochemical staining with vimentin confirmed that the cultured cells were bovine corneal stromal fibroblasts. According to trypan blue staining, the immediate survival rate of bovine corneal stromal fibroblasts was 93.5%. Cell growth curve approximated the "S" shape, and cell population doubling time was 38.70 hours. These findings demonstrate that the cell culture method of two-step digestion is a simple, economic and efficient method for the primary culture of bovine corneal stromal fibroblasts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of platelet-rich plasma and washed platelet on the mineralization of human dental pulp cells    Li Hong-tao1, Duan Jian-min1, Katayama Tadashi2○ 2012, 16 (7):  1206-1210.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.016 Abstract ( 270 )   PDF (386KB) ( 552 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies of our research group have indicated that both washed platelet and platelet-rich plasma promote the proliferation of human dental pulp cells in some concentration range. OBJECTIVE: To further investigate the effect of washed platelet and platelet-rich plasma at different concentrations on the mineralization of human dental pulp cells. METHODS: Human dental pulp cells from the healthy extracted teeth donated by patients under orthodontic treatment were cultured and passaged for 4-6 passages. Platelet-rich plasma and washed platelet were manufactured from venous blood of the same donor. The activity of alkaline phosphatase in dental pulp cells was determined using Alkaline Phosphatase Reagent Kit and Protein Quantification Reagent Kit on the 7th day after mineralization induction. The formation of mineralized nodules in dental pulp cells were observed by alizarin red staining on the 10th and 20th days after mineralization induction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Both washed platelet and platelet-rich plasma at the concentration of 10%-30% evidently promoted the alkaline phosphatase activity in dental pulp cells. The most effective concentration to promote the alkaline phosphatase activity was 20%. Both washed platelet and platelet-rich plasma at the concentration of 10%-30% evidently promoted the formation of mineralized nodules in dental pulp cells on the 10th day after mineralization induction. The mineralized nodules in the 10% concentration group were the largest on the 20th day after mineralization induction. There was no difference between the washed platelet and platelet-rich plasma at the same concentration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Toxicological effect of 50 μmol/L p38 signal transduction pathway inhibitors SB203580 via subconjunctival injection on rat corneas Zhang Hai-feng, Zhong Yan-yan, Huang Shu-xin, Lu Xiao-he 2012, 16 (7):  1211-1214.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.017 Abstract ( 384 )   PDF (509KB) ( 288 )   Save BACKGROUND: SB203580 which is one of the special inhibitors of p38 signal transduction has the anti-inflammatory ability and can inhibit the growth of tumor vessels. However, the toxicity and irritation of SB203580 may be the obstacle of the application on eyes. OBJECTIVE: To study the toxicological effect of SB203580 with subconjunctival injection on rat corneas. METHODS: Right eyes of SD rats were preformed with subconjunctival injection of 0.04 mL of 50 μmol/L SB203580 and saline in the same dose respectively, once per day for 7 days. At 7 days after injection, the corneal inflammation index was recorded and all the right corneas were harvested for histopathological and ultrastructural examination.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Reversible anemia-like conjunctiva was observed in SB203580 group and disappeared at the second day after injection; After injection with SB203580 and saline, no significant difference of corneal inflammation index was found between the two groups (P > 0.05), but the ciliary congestion score in saline group was higher than that in SB203580 group (P < 0.05). Histological examination revealed that all rat corneal epithelium were completed, the stroma was arranged in order and the cortex was continuous. No obvious abnormal corneal structures and organelles were found under transmission electron microscope. This suggests that subconjunctival injection of 0.04 mL of 50 μmol/L SB2036580 had no obvious toxicological effect on rat corneas. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of exercise on number and activity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in healthy subjects Yang Zhen1, Lai Guang-hua1, Xia Wen-hao1, Luo Chu-fan2, Cheng Fei1, Liao Yan-hong1, Wang Jie-mei1, Chen Long1, 2012, 16 (7):  1215-1219.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.018 Abstract ( 251 )   PDF (348KB) ( 284 )   Save BACKGROUND: Whether exercise can influence the number and activity of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of exercise on number and activity of circulating EPCs in healthy subjects. METHODS: Twelve male healthy volunteers underwent acute dynamic treadmill exercise with (9.3±2.1) minutes. Flow cytometry analysis was used to evaluate the number of CD34 and KDR double-positive labeled circulating EPCs before and after exercise, and acetylated-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and lectin fluorescent staining method were used to evaluate the number of cultured EPCs. The adhesion, migration and proliferation of EPCs were detected. In addition, the nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) levels in plasma and secreted by circulating EPCs were measured before and after exercise. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Flow cytometry analysis showed that the number of circulating EPCs increased after exercise   (P < 0.05). The acetylated-LDL and lectin fluorescent staining method indicated that the cultured EPCs also increased after exercise (P < 0.05). The proliferative and migratory activities of cultured EPCs were higher after exercise compared with before exercise (P < 0.05), but the adhesive activity did not change. Acute exercise also significantly enhanced plasma NO levels in healthy subjects (P < 0.05). There was a significant linear regression relationship between the enhanced plasma NO level and increased number or activity of circulating EPCs in healthy subjects (P < 0.05). Exercise can increase the number and activity of circulating EPCs in healthy subjects, which are related to the enhanced NO production in healthy subjects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Verification of differential expression of angiogenesis related genes in normal tissues and myocardial infarction tissues of rat models of myocardial infarction using real-time PCR method Yu Li-wei, Jiang Meng, Zhu Dan, Yu Jie-jing, Ma Jun 2012, 16 (7):  1220-1224.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.019 Abstract ( 410 )   PDF (398KB) ( 338 )   Save BACKGROUND: Researches have shown that the process of angiogenesis after acute myocardial infarction is mediated by a number of genes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differential expression of angiogenesis related genes after acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: Rat model of acute myocardial infarction was constructed; five specific differential expression genes in gene chip were selected based on the results of gene chips: secreted phosphoprotein 1, chemokine receptor 2, angiopoietin-like 4, CXC chemokine ligand 5 and interleukin-1β. Real-time PCR was conducted to detect the expression levels of these genes in normal and in infarction myocardial tissues of rat acute myocardial infarction model. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The gene expression of the secreted phosphoprotein 1, chemokine receptor 2 and angiopoietin-like 4 increased significantly in the early stage of acute myocardial infarction (P < 0.05); and it was time-dependent. While the expression levels of CXC chemokine ligand 5 and interleukin-1β showed low fluctuation without significant changes. Among them, the secreted phosphoprotein 1 and chemokine receptor 2 are related to the inflammation, cell adhesion, migration and chemotaxis after acute myocardial infarction; while the angiopoietin-like 4 is related to angiogenesis and cell differentiation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of a sub-health fatigue rat model Li Yu-ping1, Huang Shao-hui1, Jin Wen2 2012, 16 (7):  1225-1228.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.020 Abstract ( 218 )   PDF (297KB) ( 365 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previously, sub-health and chronic fatigue model is constructed with complex physical factors, but sub-health fatigue rat model is rarely report. OBJECTIVE: To observe the sub-health fatigue rat models constructed by sleep deprivation combined with exhaustive weight-loading swimming exercise. METHODS: Thirty-two male rats were randomly divided into four groups by weight. Control group, 1-day model, 4-day model and 5-day model group. Rats in the model group were used to establish the model of sub-health fatigue by being deprived of sleep for 20 hours, and then the rats were required to conduct exhaustive swimming exercise with loading 5% of rat body weight. The exhaustive swimming time was recorded. Each group was preformed with fasting for one day in the end of the experiment, and toke the blood biochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared the last exhaustive swimming time with the first, the exhaustive swimming time of 4-day model and 5-day model group was shorter significantly (P < 0.05). The levels of blood Alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and blood urea nitrogen in 5-day group was increased compared with the rest groups (P < 0.05). The levels of blood cholesterol aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine and triglyceride were decreased (P < 0.05). Exhaustive swimming exercise with loading 5% of rat body weight and sleep deprivation for 20 hours might establish a rat model of sub-health fatigue. Related Articles | Metrics

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Morphologic changes of retinal capillaries in aged rat models and blood velocity analysis in the central retinal artery using high-resolution ultrasound Xu Qing1, Lu Xin2, Shi Xiao-lin2 2012, 16 (7):  1229-1232.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.021 Abstract ( 308 )   PDF (453KB) ( 476 )   Save BACKGROUND: The retina is more sensitive to ischemia. Therefore, the changes in ocular circulation can directly affect the function of the eye. Several tools have been found useful for the study of specific components of the ocular circulation OBJECTIVE: To investigate the blood velocity in the central retinal artery (CRA) of the aged rat eye and morphologic changes in the aged retina using high-resolution small-animal ultrasound and combined with retinal vascular digest preparations. METHODS: The blood flow parameters of CRA in aged and young rats were measured by high-resolution small-animal ultrasound imaging system; the parameters included the peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV), the pulsatility index (PI), the resistive index (RI) and the systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio were calculated. And the endothelial cell changes in the aged retina were determined by retinal vascular digest preparations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with that of young adult rats, the retinal vasculature of aged rats showed morphologic proliferation and arrange disorder, broadening and the vessel wall was not smooth. PSV and EDV of the CRA was significantly lower (P < 0.01), PI, RI and S/D ratio were significantly higher (P < 0.01). Detection of PSV, EDV and resistance index of the CRA using high-resolution small-animal ultrasound provides more sensitive view of the blood vessels of the aging process.   Related Articles | Metrics

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R318Copying of arteriosclerotic animal models induced by hyperhomocysteinemia Zhang Pu-pu1, Yuan Ji-xiang1, Yao Cheng-li2, Ma Yun-hai1 2012, 16 (7):  1233-1236.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.022 Abstract ( 294 )   PDF (403KB) ( 462 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hyperhomocysteinemia is one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis, and intimal proliferation after artery injury may lead to the formation of atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE: To research the feasibility of copying arteriosclerotic animal model induced by hyperhomocysteinemia with L-methionine to feed rabbits and balloon catheter to strain abdominal aorta into injury. METHODS: Thirty-two healthy white rabbits were divided into four groups. Abdominal aortic balloon injury and (or) 2% L-methionine pellets were given to the groups respectively, the rabbits with normal feeding were as control. Blood was drawn for laboratory test at the beginning and end of the 2nd and 12th weeks respectively. The rabbits were executed and abdominal aortas were taken out to do pathology dyeing at the end of the 12th week. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Homocysteine levels of model group were significantly higher than that of control group at the end of the 2nd week (P < 0.05). Diffusive confluent atheromatous plaques formed along the abdominal aorta at 12 weeks after abdominal aortic balloon injury. And the rabbits that were given the abdominal aorta balloon injury and 2% L-methionine pellets had a larger plaque and more serious intimal injury. It indicates that the arteriosclerotic animal model induced by hyperhomocysteinemia can be established in a short time by 2% L-methionine feeding and balloon injury abdominal aorta. Related Articles | Metrics

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Serum level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis following repeated long-term exposure to positive acceleration☆ Luo Hui-lan1, Chen Yong-sheng2 2012, 16 (7):  1237-1240.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.023 Abstract ( 273 )   PDF (304KB) ( 244 )   Save BACKGROUND: Serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) can be used to predict cardiovascular injury. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the serum levels of hs-CRP in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis following repeated long-term exposure to positive acceleration and to predict the risk of cardiovascular injury. METHODS: Twenty-four New Zealand purebred rabbits were randomly divided into a positive acceleration group and a control group. Rabbits in the positive acceleration group were exposed to +4 g rotation for 20 seconds with an acceleration of 1 g/s. The rotation interval was 5 minutes and totally three rotations were daily performed for 3 days per week. 0.5 g rotation was added every week, and by week 4, +6 g rotation was added, and the exposure lasted for 40 seconds. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Exposure to positive acceleration yielded significant effects on serum level of hs-CRP in rabbits with atherosclerosis compared with before exposure (P < 0.01), but exposure time did not produce effects on serum level of hs-CRP (P > 0.05). The interaction between exposure to positive acceleration and exposure time also did not produce significant effects on serum level of hs-CRP (P > 0.05). Hyperplastic foam cells in the aortic tunica intima and the superficial layer of media increased with the prolongation of exposure to positive acceleration. Repeated long-term exposure to positive acceleration may lead to a long-term high serum level of hs-CRP in rabbits. Related Articles | Metrics

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Angiogenesis in acute myocardial infarction rats after vascular endothelial growth factor 121 gene therapy Shou Song-tao1, Lin Mei-guang2, Mao Yong-min3, Cao Li4, Zhang Li2, Wang Pei-xian2, 2012, 16 (7):  1241-1244.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.024 Abstract ( 265 )   PDF (229KB) ( 258 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that vascular endothelial growth factor 121 may be an optimal target gene for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. OBJECTIVE: To investigate effect of direct myocardial injection of adenovirus recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor 121 gene (Ad-hVEGF121) on myocardial infracted rat heart structure, function and angiogenesis. METHODS: Totally 78 male SD rats were randomly divided into the sham-surgery (n=18), acute myocardial infarction (n=24), Ad-VEGF121 (n=19) and normal saline (n=17) groups. Among them, left anterior descending coronary arteries of the latter three groups were ligated to prepare acute myocardial infarction models and rats were randomly selected to receive Ad-hVEGF12 or normal saline via three points in the cardiac muscle at the 10-15 minutes after ligation. The chest was exposed without ligation in the sham-surgery group.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 2 weeks after injection, cardiac ultrasound showed that, compared with the sham-surgery group, the number of new capillaries, body weight and left ventricular mass / body weight of the acute myocardial infarction, Ad-hVEGF121 and normal saline groups were obviously increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), especially those received transfected rAd-hVEGF12, had higher density of blood capillaries than those of the normal saline and acute myocardial infarction groups. However, there were no obviously differences between each group in infarct size, cardiac structure or functions. The direct myocardial injection of Ad-VEGF121 can significantly promote the formation of new blood vessels within the myocardium. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of nuclear factor kappa B1 and tissue factor in femoral venous endothelial tissue of the rat deep vein thrombosis model******☆ Li Xing-guo1,Zheng Hong-yu1, Li Wen2, Li Hong-kun1, Zhao Xue-ling1, Wu Xue-mei1, Wang Bing1 2012, 16 (7):  1245-1250.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.025 Abstract ( 227 )   PDF (324KB) ( 461 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, the basic underlying molecular mechanism regulating the interactions among venous endothelial cells, platelets, leukocytes, and promoting local deep vein thrombosis microenvironment formation, still remains unclear, and there is no ideal method for early diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. OBJECTIVE: To study the underlying role of nuclear factor kappa B1 and tissue factor in rats with deep vein thrombosis. METHODS: A total of 67 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (n=10) and model group (n=57). Deep vein thrombosis model was established by a clamping and sewing method in femoral vein combined with cast fixation. The incidence and serious degree of thrombus were observed by dissecting rat femoral vein in different time points (2.5 and 25 hours after modeling). The model group was further divided into pre-thrombogenesis group (2.5 hours after modeling), thrombogenesis group (25 hours after modeling) and non-thrombogenesis group (25 hours after modeling). Then total RNA was extracted from the localized femoral venous endothelial tissue. The candidate genes, associated inflammation and thrombosis, were screened by a special gene chip. Then the gene expression of nuclear factor kappa B1 and tissue factor was further identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Pre-thrombogenesis group had no thrombogenesis, while thrombogenesis group have 23 cases with thrombosis and non-thrombogenesis group have 22 cases without thrombosis. The results of gene chip hybridization analysis and real-time PCR found that the mRNA expression of nuclear factor kappa B1 and tissue factor in rat femoral vein endothelial tissue were significantly up-regulated at 2.5 hours after modeling (pre-thrombogenesis group was higher than control group) (P < 0.05), and continued up-regulating at 25 hours after modeling (thrombogenesis group was higher than the pre-thrombogenesis group, non-thrombogenesis group and control group) (P < 0.05). The results from present study indicate that up-regulating expressions of nuclear factor kappa B1 and tissue factor in local femoral venous endothelial tissue of rat deep vein thrombosis models may play a key role in initiating venous thrombosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Plantar pressure and load-bearing type of foot transverse arch based on clustering analysis Huo Hong-feng1, Wang Zi-qian2, Liang Yu1, Wang Wei3, Zhao Huan-bin1 2012, 16 (7):  1251-1254.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.026 Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (279KB) ( 374 )   Save BACKGROUND: Foot transverse arch integrity and stability are crucial to fulfill the foot function. Forefoot excessive bearing is a main cause of foot transverse arch deformation. Studies on load-bearing type of foot transverse arch in China are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To explore the impulse peak regions of walking foot, to distinguish the load-bearing type of foot transverse arch, and to provide the basis for the prevention and recovery of foot injury. METHODS: The dynamic plantar pressure distribution of 1 000 female college students during natural walking were tested and analyzed by Footscan high frequency plantar pressure testing system. And the gait characteristics, impulse in support phase, time phase, strephenopodia and strephexopodia were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：According to cluster analysis, there were 109 cases of metatarsusⅠload-bearing type, 213 cases of metatarsusⅡ/Ⅲ load-bearing type, 517 cases of metatarsus Ⅲ load-bearing type, and 161 cases of metatarsus Ⅲ/Ⅳ load-bearing type. Time percentage of outside-ground phase in metatarsus Ⅰload-bearing type was greater than that in the three other types, and the different was significant. Strephexopodia proportion in metatarsusⅠ load-bearing type was the largest, and the proportion minished in order of metatarsusⅡ/Ⅲ, metatarsus Ⅲ and metatarsus Ⅲ/Ⅳ load-bearing types. According to plantar pressure analysis, there are 4 load-bearing types of foot transverse arch in natural walking human. Among them, the metatarsus Ⅰ load-bearing type is prone to endure forefoot injury. These findings will help to illustrate the walking foot function. Related Articles | Metrics

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Test-retest reliability of muscle force sense of the ankle joint under different target torque**☆ Zhang Qiu-xia, Sun Pu-qing, Shi Yong-jian 2012, 16 (7):  1255-1258.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.027 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (200KB) ( 307 )   Save BACKGROUND: There was no uniform criterion for muscle force sense test of the sagittal plane of the ankle joint. OBJECTIVE: To explore the test-retest reliability of the ankle muscle force sense (MFS) under different target force.  METHODS: The target force of the muscle was 25%, 50% and 75% maximal voluntary isometric contraction to measure MFS. Consistency degree of the repeated measures was evaluated by intra-class correlation (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Interclass correlation coefficients of variable errors and absolute errors in MFS were more than 0.75, and SEM of them were lower. ICCs of constant error of them were less than 0.75, and SEMs of them were greater. The test-retest reliability for variable errors and absolute errors of MFS was better when the target force was smaller. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gait features and foot plantar pressure distribution of nurse natural walking on flat ground  Huang Ping1, Yan Bin2, Deng Lian-fu1, Zhu Wei-yi3, Xia Jie3, Huang Qi-yun3 2012, 16 (7):  1259-1262.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.028 Abstract ( 353 )   PDF (343KB) ( 501 )   Save BACKGROUND: The strict request with the busy work and fast walking would cause the nurse foot high pressure, and even cause foot diseases. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the natural gait feature and foot plantar pressure distribution of nurse walking on flat ground. METHODS: The dynamic foot plantar pressures of 73 nurses were tested by the Footscan system (RSscan, Belgium). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The data among the foot plantar pressure, the impulse and the support time in nurse gait analysis were consistent. Under the nurse natural gait, the largest pressure part was the second and the third metatarsal; the biggest impulse of foot spot located in forefoot, the largest proportion of the support interval was forefoot push off phase. The walking speed of the nurse was fast, foot plantar pressure was high, and the pressure in the front foot was increased with the total foot pressure increasing, which indicated that the nurse forefoot would be fatigued easily and would be injured easily. Therefore, the nurse should choose the nurse's shoes or insoles scientifically to adjust foot plantar pressure distribution and impulse, and to strengthen the forefoot protection, especially to strengthen 2-3 metatarsal bone protection, and to avoid the foot fatigue and damage as far as possible. Related Articles | Metrics

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Quantitative evaluation of static postural balance ability in a dancer Zhang Qiu-hai, Quan Ming-hui 2012, 16 (7):  1263-1266.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.029 Abstract ( 274 )   PDF (251KB) ( 357 )   Save BACKGROUND: Balance ability for the dancers is an important quality, which directly influences stage performance. OBJECTIVE: To Judge the dancer’s static postural balance ability using the method of natural science and to make its quantification which can be compared with each other. METHODS: Totally 50 subjects from folk and classic professionals were tested by balance test system of Bismarck SuperBalance which generated in Germany for obtaining the static balance data. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Most data of static balance in the subjects of classic professional were better than that of the folk professional both male and female. Comprehensive score of the static balance ability in female was better than that of in the male. It is indicated that maybe classical professional requirements of higher skills and difficulty result in the difference of measurement, and the differences of static balance ability of gender needs further verify.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and identification of a lentiviral vector for RNA interference of suppressors of cytokine signaling 1   Zhou Min, Qian Yan-rong, Zhang Qiu-rui, Cheng Ting, Wan Huan-ying 2012, 16 (7):  1267-1270.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.030 Abstract ( 231 )   PDF (426KB) ( 297 )   Save BACKGROUND: The previous studies mainly used liposome transfection or other vectors for research of suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1). However, those transfections have the disadvantages of low efficiency and less security. OBJECTIVE: To construct a lentiviral vector for RNA interference of SOCS1 gene and identify it.  METHODS: Three pairs of complementary short hairpin RNA (shRNA) oligonucleotides targeting the SOCS1 gene were designed, and then were inserted into pPll3.7 vectors by gene recombination technology. The recombinant plasmids with correct sequence were cotransfected with packaging plasmids into 293T cells. The cell culture supernatant was obtained after 48 hours in order to transfect A549 cells. The expression of SOCS1 in target cells was detected by western-blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The shRNA had been confirmed to insert into pPll3.7 vectors by sequencing of the recombinant plasmids. The western-blot detection showed that the expression of SOCS1 in A549 cells was inhibited after the cells were successfully transfected by the lentiviral vector supernatant. A lentiviral vector for RNA interference of SOCS1 gene was successfully constructed in this study. Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibitory effect of simvastatin on the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and p2lras following common carotid artery injury in rats  Hou Hui-fang, Liu Guo-qing, Sun Yin-ping, Guo Yong, Wang Yong-ling 2012, 16 (7):  1271-1274.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.031 Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (358KB) ( 248 )   Save BACKGROUND: Simvastatin can inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and play a role in anti-vascular stenosis, but its mechanism is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of simvastatin on the expression of fibroblast growth factor 1 and p21ras in stenotic vessels after common carotid artery injury in rats. METHODS: Animal model of common carotid artery injury was established. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operation group, model group, low-dose simvastatin group and high-dose simvastatin group. The rats in the latter two groups were treated with 5 mg/(kg • d) and 10 mg/(kg • d) simvastatin by gavage respectively, from 3 days before surgery to 14 days after surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the vascular smooth muscle cells in the tunica media was obviously proliferated and disordered arranged, the lumen of the carotid artery became more stenosis. After treated with simvastatin, the tunica intima of the carotid artery was relatively smooth, the vascular smooth muscle cells in the tunica media were more regularly arranged and the straitness degree of the carotid artery lumen weakened. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of fibroblast growth factor 1 and p21ras protein increased significantly (P < 0.05). There was no obvious change in the two protein expressions after low-dose simvastatin treatment. The expression of fibroblast growth factor 1 and p21ras decreased significantly after high-doses simvastatin treatment (P <0.05). These findings indicate that simvastatin may suppress the expression of vascular smooth muscle cells and reduce vascular stenosis by inhibiting the expression of fibroblast growth factor 1 and p21ras. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship of matrix metalloproteinases-9 and inhibitory factor-1 in atrium tissue to atrial fibrosis of atrial fibrillation dogs Li Fa-peng, Gan Tian-yi, Jiang Tao, Mao Ting, Zhang Jian, Tang Bao-peng 2012, 16 (7):  1275-1279.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.032 Abstract ( 294 )   PDF (451KB) ( 288 )   Save BACKGROUND: Interaction and dynamic balance of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitory factor in atrial is closely related with the occurrence maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor-1 of metalloproteinase gene expression in atrial and to evaluate the influence of MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1) expression on AF and fibrosis. METHODS: The chronic rapid atrial pacing was used to establish the persistent AF dog model and the sham-operated group was seted. Masson three color staining was used to determine the stage of fibrosis, the expression the left atrial MMP-9 mRNA and TIMP-1 mRNA level was detected through reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The level of protein expression was determined by Western Blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with sham-operated group, the degree of fibrosis and collagen volume fraction (CVF) in persistent AF model group was increased obviously (P < 0.01), and the expression of MMP-9 mRNA was increased obviously as well as its protein expression (P < 0.01). The level of TIMP-1 mRNA and protein expression was decreased obviously       (P < 0.01). The imblanced regulation of gene expression betewwn MMP-9 and TIMP-1 of atrial fibrillation, heighten of MMP-9 activity and reduce of TIMP-1 activity may influence collagen metabolism, promoting or inhibiting the myocardial fibrosis, it is one of the molecular mechanism that cause the reconstruction of atrial structure in atrial fibrillation.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and expression of adenovirus-based coxsackievirus B3 VP1 recombinant adenovirus vector vaccine rAd/VP22-L-VP1  Li Jian, Liu Gui-xia, Mi Li-guo, Lan Jia-ming, Zhang Yong-hong, Jin Yu-huai 2012, 16 (7):  1280-1284.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.033 Abstract ( 217 )   PDF (405KB) ( 286 )   Save BACKGROUND: Encoded by the UL49 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), VP22 is an alkaline protein. With the protein transduction domain (PTD), VP22 can mediate a transmembrane transduction of VP22-linked protein or DNA from the cells in which it is synthesized endogenously to adjacent cells, which shows advantage in gene targeting prevention. OBJECTIVE: To construct a recombinant adenovirus based vaccine in order to express Vp22 of HSV-1 and the VP1, the main neutralizing antigen of coxsackievirus B3 (CV B3), and to observe the expression of exogenous gene in HEK293 cells.  METHODS: The DNA fragments of HSV-1 VP22 and CVB3 VP1 were amplified by PCR and linked by linker to produce VP22-L-VP1. The VP22-L-VP1 coding sequence was cloned to the pAdTrack-CMV plasmid to construct AdTrack-CMV/VP22-L-VP1. Then AdTrack-CMV/VP22-L-VP1 was transformed into Ecoli.Bj5183 carrying backbone plasmid pAdEasy-1 to produce the recombinant adenovirus plasmid pAd/VP22-L-VP1. HEK293 cells were transfected with pAd/VP22-L-VP1 to produce recombinant adenovirus rAd/VP22-L-VP1. The virus amplification and titration was preformed on HEK293 cells and the exogenous gene expression was detected by Western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The titer of recombinant adenovirus rAd/VP22-L-VP1 of passage 4 was 6.77×107 pfu/ml. And the expression of VP22-L-VP1 was verified on HEK293 cells by Western blotting. Recombinant adenovirus rAd/VP22-L-VP1 was generated successfully, which laid a foundation for further study on CVB3VP1 gene vaccine.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and application of a new ventral spinal cord injury impactor Jiang Shu-dong, Hong Yi, Bai Jin-zhu, Zhang Jun-wei, Zhen Qiao-xia, Li Jian-jun 2012, 16 (7):  1285-1289.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.034 Abstract ( 214 )   PDF (379KB) ( 279 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, the research on the spinal cord injury (SCI) is mainly depend on the animal model, each kind of SCI model has its adapted area and inadequate. OBJECTIVE: To design and manufacture a ventral SCI impactor model of rats, then evaluate the performance of the device in rat SCI experiment. METHODS: The chart paper of the ventral SCI impactor was made and then the device was established according to the chart paper. The SD rat ventral SCI model was made by the device. The models were divided into three groups randomly, moderate injury group, severe injury group and control group. Moderate injury group needed a beat of 23 V, severe injury group needed a beat of 25 V, no beat in the control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The BBB score in the severe injury group was significantly lower than that in the moderate injury group (P < 0.001), BBB score was linearly related to spinal cord residual tissue (P < 0.001). 23 V voltage power and 30% cord deformation rate results in the moderate injury model, 25 V voltage power and 61% cord deformation rate results in the severe injury model. This ventral spinal cord injury device can reliably produce moderate and severe cord injury models, and it is used easily. The injury force is controllable and the spinal deformation is measurable. Related Articles | Metrics

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Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation effect of Shengji corium elephatis mastic or Shengji mastic without elephant skin in vitro  Du Wei-jing1, Chen Bao-yuan2, Xue Xiao-dong1, Liu Fang1 2012, 16 (7):  1290-1294.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.035 Abstract ( 251 )   PDF (413KB) ( 394 )   Save BACKGROUND: The revalue of the traditional Chinese medicine with the prescription of elephant skin is an important research subject for the purpose of wild animal protection. OBJECTIVE: To compare the pharmacological actions of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation effect of Shengji corium elephatis mastic and Shengji mastic without elephant skin and to explore the role of elephant skin in the prscription. METHODS: Mouse monocyte / macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide and administrated with different concentrations of water extracts from Shengji corium elephatis mastic (0, 125, 250, 500, 1 000 mg/L) and Shengji mastic without elephant skin (0, 125, 250, 500, 1 000 mg/L). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Water extracts from Shengji corium elephatis mastic and Shengji mastic without elephant skin with the concentrations from 125 mg/L to 1000 mg/L had no inhibition effect on RAW264.7 cell proliferation (P > 0.05). And water extract from Shengji corium elephatis mastic with the concentration of 125 mg/L had a promoting effect on RAW264.7 proliferation (P < 0.05). Compared with single lipopolysaccharide stimulation group, Shengji corium elephatis mastic significantly inhibited the secretion of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide, mRNA and protein expression of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor αand interleukin-6) in RAW264.7 cells. It showed a strong anti-inflammatory action. Shengji mastic without elephant skin also showed certain anti-inflammatory effect, but the differences between groups was slightly less. Results suggest that elephant skin is not the major medicinal effective ingredient in the anti-inflammatory effects of Shengji corium elephatis mastic. It may be omitted or replaced by other medical materials for the purpose of wild animal protection. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Gu Shi Ning capsule on the hemoglutination mechanism in steroid-induced avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head Sun Zhi-tao1, Zhou Zheng-xin2, Niu Wei3, Li Chun-feng4, Ding Hao5 2012, 16 (7):  1295-1298.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.036 Abstract ( 208 )   PDF (300KB) ( 352 )   Save BACKGROUND: Gu Shi Ning capsule is summarized as the effective prescriptions by Professor Ding E in long-term treatment in the steroid induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Gu Shi Ning capsule on mechanism of blood coagulation in animal models with SANFH. METHODS: Rabbit model of femoral head necrosis was constructed with the modified method of the escherichia coli endotoxin plus methylprednisolone. Six white rabbits were randomly selected as the normal control group, while the rest 90 rabbits were randomly divided into: high-dose group of Gu Shi Ning capsule [4.23 g/ (kg•d)], middle-dose group of Gu Shi Ning capsule   [1.41 g/( kg•d)], low-dose group of Gu Shi Ning capsule [0.47 g/( kg•d)], model group and control group. Animals in each of group at 4, 8, 12 weeks after treatment, changes of each indicator was detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the other five groups, thromboxane B2 (TXB2), GMP-140 and thrombomodulin level were higher, but 6-keto-PGF1α was lower at each time in the model group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). TXB2, GMP-140 and thrombomodulin were decreased but 6-keto-PGF1α was increased with time of Gu Shi Ning treatment, which in the middle-dose group was better than the high-dose and low-dose groups (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). It is indicated that Gu Shi Ning capsules can be effectively improve the steroid-induced femoral head necrosis in intravascular coagulation status, so as to achieve prevention and treatment SANFH role. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism and effect of traditional Chinese medicine on promoting osteoblast proliferation and differentiation    Chen Shu-xiang, Kang Le 2012, 16 (7):  1299-1302.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.037 Abstract ( 280 )   PDF (432KB) ( 341 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine can improve osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Cell molecular research on the pharmacological mechanism behind this has made great progress. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress on the mechanisms of osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation induced by traditional Chinese medicine at home and abroad. METHODS: An online search of CNKI, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases was performed for articles on the mechanism of osteoblast proliferation and differentiation induced by traditional Chinese medicine, published between January 2000 and December 2010, using keywords of “traditional Chinese herbs, osteoblasts, proliferation, differentiation and mechanism”. A total of 176 articles were collected after initial search, and 30 of them were retained. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Traditional Chinese medicine can improve osteoblast proliferation and differentiation by regulating the genes, signal pathways, cytokines, OPG/RANK/RANKL system of osteoblasts and estrogen-like biological activities. The mechanism is clear. It has a good future prospect for the application of traditional Chinese medicine in bone tissue engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of osteoporosis models of ovariectomized goats   Wang Liang, Zhang Zhi-min, Zhen Xiang-zhou, Guo Qian-jin 2012, 16 (7):  1303-1306.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.038 Abstract ( 257 )   PDF (384KB) ( 399 )   Save BACKGROUND: Strengthen the research of the osteoporosis (OP) model is necessary for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures.  OBJECTIVE: To summarize the characteristics of OP goat model and provide help for prevention of OP and osteoporotic fractures. METHODS: A computer-based search on CNKI database and PubMed database 2005-06/2011-02 was performed for the articles about OP model in ovariectomized goats with the key words of “osteoporosis, animal model, goats, ovariectomy” in English and in Chinese. The articles related with the method to establish the OP model, evaluation criteria, changes in bone, were included. The duplicated research and the articles about the establishment of the male animal models of OP were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Atotal of 48 articles were obtained, and finally, 21 articles were included to summaize according to the inclusion criteria. Convenient source of goats, easy to disposal, and had the automatic ovulation cycle which were similar to adult women, so it was an ideal experimental animal material. A large amount of blood, urine and bone specimens could be ontained from goats, so the goats were the ideal experimental animal to establish the OP model. Castration method (OVX) is a commonly method to establish OP model, the establishment of goats OP model provided a research basement for the development of prevention drug for OP and osteoporotic fractures and the design of implant.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and progress of dental hard tissues with dentinogenesis imperfecta Zhang Ying1, Zou Jing2, Yang Ran1 2012, 16 (7):  1307-1310.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.039 Abstract ( 282 )   PDF (387KB) ( 313 )   Save BACKGROUND: Dentinogenesis imperfecta is an autosomal dominant genetic disease with dysplastic dentin. Currently, most studies on dentinogenesis imperfecta are focused on phenotype analysis and clinical therapy, while the reports on dental hard tissue of dentinogenesis imperfecta are rare. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of dental hard tissue with dentinogenesis imperfecta. METHODS: A computer-based online search of CNKI, PubMed and OVID databases was performed for related articles published between 1999 and 2011, with the key words of “dentinogenesis imperfecta, surface morphology, animal model, enamel dentinal junction, dentinal tubule” in English and Chinese. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Most researchers recognize that the enamel of dentinogenesis imperfecta has normal structure. The lesions are located in enamel dentinal junction. The enamel dentinal junction represents a linear appearance. The dentin represents a structure disturbance with irregular calcification. The number of dentinal tubules reduces. The shape and arrangement of collagen fibers are abnormal. The reasons for the abnormal structures are not clear and need further research.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Tissue engineering technique and the repair of exercise-induced bone injury Lu Kai 2012, 16 (7):  1311-1314.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.040 Abstract ( 203 )   PDF (397KB) ( 250 )   Save BACKGROUND: Application of tissue engineering in the repair of bone injury has been a research focus in recent years. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research status and key problems to be solved on bone tissue engineering. METHODS: An online search of PubMed database and VIP database was performed for relevant articles published between January 1994 and December 2010, using key words of "tissue engineering; athletic bone injuries; biological scaffold materials; vascularized bone; seed cells" in English and Chinese. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Although great achievements have been made in the repair of bone defect by tissue engineering, but there still exists many unsolved problems in the actual application of tissue engineering in clinical trauma repair: how to solve the problem of seed cell aging and easy loss of phenotype; how to strengthen the affinity between the cell and scaffold materials; how to provide a good blood supply and neural control for the alternative organization; how to construct a more realistic simulation environment so that the cultured cells and prefabricated organs can also stand the test in the body; and how to moderate the immune response, etc.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Vascular biology research related to the reconstructive surgery and its development Lin Yan1, Wang Jian-hua2, Wu Dong-fang3 2012, 16 (7):  1315-1318.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.041 Abstract ( 206 )   PDF (405KB) ( 255 )   Save BACKGROUND: After years of development, a variety of flaps are now available in clinic for defect reconstruction. But problems exist that when a large flap is harvested, a varying degree of necrosis often occurs. In order to solve this problem, researchers and clinicians focus on study of two main pathways for neovascularization: angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, with the hope that deeper research in neovascularization can be manipulated to improve flap survival and culture of engineering vessels. OBJECTIVE: To provide a comprehensive review on three aspects: the microvascular physiology, the neovascularization after ischemia and injury, and tissue engineering related to defect reconstruction. To summarize the progression of vascular biology research and its using prospect. METHODS: The first author retrieved literatures from PubMed database with the index words of “flap, reconstructive surgery, vascular physiology, choke vessels, angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, tissue engineering” in English. After reading and analysis of the literature of interest, the flap development history and survival mechanism, the patterns of neovascularization, and its regulating mechanism at the molecular level, and the role of neovascularization in tissue engineering were summarized and presented in this article. A total of 69 articles were retrieved, and after screening according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 articles were elaborately studied and the viewpoints extracted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results showed that necrosis of the flap often occurs at the choke zone, and neovascularization whose two main pathways were angiogenesis and vasculogenesis showed great importance to flap survival. Scaffolds design and cell sources were two vital problems for development of tissue engineering aimed for defect reconstruction. Now, how to manipulate the neovascularization at the molecular level to improve flap survival and culture vascularized engineering tissue in a more efficient way was still a huge field yet to be explored. Related Articles | Metrics

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Multi-center evaluation of six finger to six point, rotation and stretching manipulation in treating knee osteoarthritis Li Hui-ying, Wang Yi-sheng 2012, 16 (7):  1319-1322.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.042 Abstract ( 288 )   PDF (288KB) ( 456 )   Save   BACKGROUND: Research show that knee joint pain is effectively improved by point pressure of six finger to six point, knee rotation and stretching practices. OBJECTIVE: To perform a multi-center clinical evaluation of six finger to six point and rotation and stretching manipulation in treating degenerative knee joint disease. METHODS: A total of 216 cases of gonarthritis patients were assigned into experimental group (n=108) and control group (n=108) using multi-center randomized controlled method. Six finger the to six point and rotation and stretching manipulation was adopted in the experimental group. Du Ning’s manipulation was adopted in the control group. The enrolled patients were treated for        20 minutes a time, once every other day for 30 days, 15 times for a course. All patients were followed up on the 15th day after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were significant differences in the knee functional score, pain score and knee active flexion functional score between experimental group and control group before treatment, after a course of treatment and in the follow-up on 15 day after treatment (P < 0.05). The knee function and pain efficacy rate in the experimental group was 82.4% and 63.0% by follow-up investigation on 15 day after treatment; the rates in the control group were significantly lower; i.e. 68.5% and 38.0% (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that six finger to six point and rotation and stretching manipulation can effectively ameliorate the knee joint pain, significantly improve knee walking ability and knee flexion function; the curative effect is safe and effective. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between stromal cell-derived factor-1 and matrix metalloproteinase 3, 9 and 13 in the synovial fluid of knee osteoarthritis patients after injection of sodium hyaluronate   Li Yan-lin, Wang Guo-liang, Cao Bin, Ma Ke, Xu Peng, Yang Guang, Gao Gang 2012, 16 (7):  1323-1326.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.043 Abstract ( 209 )   PDF (329KB) ( 282 )   Save BACKGROUND: Sodium hyaluronate localized in the synovial fluid and cartilage of knee joint plays an important role in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis. Recent studies have shown that stromal cell-derived factor-1, matrix metalloproteinases 3, 9 and 13 affect the cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate on the expression levels of stromal cell-derived factor 1 and matrix metalloproteinases 3, 9 and 13 in the knee joint fluid of patients with osteoarthritisn and the correlation between them. METHODS: A total of 20 cases of knee osteoarthritis patients with synovial fluid were involved in this study. Joint fluid was extracted before the injection of sodium hyaluronate, in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks after injection. The levels of stromal cell-derived factor 1, matrix metalloproteinases 3, 9 and 13 in the synovial fluid were measured by double antibody sandwich ELISA assay. The correlation between them was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate, the level of stromal cell-derived factor 1, matrix metalloproteinases 3, 9 and 13 in the synovial fluid decreased. In the groups of stromal cell-derived factor 1, matrix metalloproteinases 3 and 9, there was no significant difference before injection and in 1 week after injection, 1 week after injection and 2 weeks after injection (P > 0.05). There was significant difference in other groups compared with each other (P < 0.05). The correlation between stromal cell-derived factor 1 and matrix metalloproteinases 3, 9 and 13 was positive. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gene polymorphism of transforming growth factor-beta 1 T869C in healthy Uygur and Kazakh people of Xinjiang and its correlation with vascular function  Jia Dong-yu, Xu Xin-juan, Liang Xiao-hui, Zhang Jun-shi, Sun Li-hua 2012, 16 (7):  1327-1330.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.07.044 Abstract ( 214 )   PDF (383KB) ( 354 )   Save BACKGROUND: Gene polymorphism of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) T869C may be related to the genetic susceptibility of vascular functions; and there is ethnic otherness between nationalities. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of TGF-β1 T869C gene polymorphism and the difference between the augmentation indexes of central aortic pressure wave reflections in the Kazakh and Uygur people from Xinjiang. METHODS: A total of 1 181 healthy people from Xinjiang region were involved, including 589 Uygur people and 592 Kazakh people. TGF-β1 T869C polymorphism distribution of the subjects were detected using PCR-RFLP; meanwhile the augmentation indexes of the corresponding central aortic pressure wave reflections were detected. Multiple-factor non-conditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the main risk factors which affect the augmentation indexes of central aortic pressure wave reflections. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: PCR-RFLP results showed that the genotype frequencies of TGF-β1 T869C site in Uygur people of Xinjiang were as follows: TT type 22.1%, TC type 49.2% and CC type 28.7%. Allele frequencies were as follows: T allele 46.7%, C allele 53.3%. The genotype frequencies of TGF-β1 T869C site in Kazakh people of Xinjiang were as follows: TT type 11.3%, TC type 47.6% and CC type 41%. Allele frequencies were as follows: T allele 35.1%, C allele 64.9%. There were significant differences between the genotypes of TGF-β1 T869C site and the allele frequencies of the two nationalities (P < 0.01). The augmentation indexes of central aortic pressure wave reflections increased with the growth of age; while the augmentation indexes of central aortic pressure wave reflections in the Kazakhs people were significantly higher than that in the Uygur people of the same age or in the older Uygur group (P < 0.01). Multiple-factor non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of increased augmentation indexes of central aortic pressure wave reflections in the Kazakhs individuals who carrying C allele was higher than the other factors. These findings indicate that there is ethnic otherness between the distribution of TGF-β1 T869C gene polymorphism in Xinjiang, which may affect the augmentation indexes of central aortic pressure wave reflections, and is related with the vascular sclerosis and aging in the Kazakh people.   Related Articles | Metrics