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05 February 2012, Volume 16 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Security and magnetic resonance imaging features of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles labelling rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Meng Zeng-dong1,2, Qiu Wei1,2, Hu Biao1,2, Liu Wei1, 2, Dai Min-fang1, 2, Lei Yun-kun1,2 2012, 16 (6):  951-957.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.001 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (718KB) ( 380 )   Save BACKGROUND: The traditional methods to label stem cells often need histopathology examination. It can not observe the whole experiment process dynamically and is not suitable for clinical research.  OBJECTIVE: To observe the biological characteristics of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) labeled by superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles in vitro, and to observe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of labeled BMSCs in vitro. METHODS: Rabbit BMSCs were cultured and expanded by using red blood cells lysis and adherent in vitro. Rabbit BMSCs were labeled with SPIO of different concentrations (100, 50, 25, 12.5 mg/L) combined with polylysine (PLL) (0.75 mg/L). The MRI imaging features of labeled rabbit BMSCs were observed by MRI scanning. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The rabbit BMSCs labeled with 25 mg/L SPIO combined with 0.75 mg/L PLL were more efficient and safe. This level of concentration could not influence on cells activity and could not influence the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacity of labeled rabbit BMSCs obviously. MRI scanning on T2 * WI sequences can show the SPIO nanoparticles labeled rabbit BMSCs significantly and effectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cytocompatibility of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and antigen-extracted xenogeneic cancellous bone scaffold treated by physiochemical or chemical method  Xu Hui-fen, He Hui-yu, Tang Xiao-xue 2012, 16 (6):  958-962.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.002 Abstract ( 282 )   PDF (465KB) ( 350 )   Save BACKGROUND: Antigen-extracted xenogeneic cancellous bone has been shown to be characterized by well physicochemical performance and three-dimensional stereo porous structure, however, the biocompatibility and safely still need to be further studied in clinical application.  OBJECTIVE: To study the cytocompatibility of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and antigen-extracted xenogeneic cancellous bone scaffold treated by chemical or physicochemical method. METHODS: The gradient density centrifugation was used to separate and cultivate sheep BMSCs, the influence of antigen-extracted xenogeneic cancellous bone scaffold materials treated by chemical or physicochemical method on the proliferation of the BMSCs were measured by four thiazole salt colorimetric experiment (MTT method). The third generation of  BMSCs were taken and seeded on two scaffolds, the morphology, adhesion, growth and proliferation of the cells on the two scaffold materials were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope and scanning electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cytotoxicity was 0 or 1 level in the physics joint chemical group, the cells exhibit well adhesion, proliferation and growth, cell activity was not affected by the material. The cytotoxicity was 3 level in chemical group, the cells were restrained, no cell adhesion in scaffold pores. The antigen-extracted xenogeneic cancellous bone materials treated with physical combined with chemical methods have good cytocompatibility to BMSCs. However, the scaffold materials treated by chemical methods have poor biocompatibility and it is not qualified for the safety standards of biological materials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation and culture of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and sweat gland cells in vitro Ai Li1, Weng Li-xin1, Sun Tong-zhu2, Sun Hong3 2012, 16 (6):  963-967.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.003 Abstract ( 355 )   PDF (510KB) ( 395 )   Save BACKGROUND: In vitro research on the culture and identification of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and sweat gland cells can provide the foundation for the feasibility of BMSCs regenerating sweat gland. OBJECTIVE: To study the effective method on isolation and culture of sweat gland cells and human BMSCs in vitro. METHODS: The BMSCs were isolated and cultured from adult bone marrow by adherent method, and then expanded and identified in vitro. Sweat gland cells were separated from human full thickness burnless skin using collagenase digestion method, and expanded and identified. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The separated and cultured BMSCs showed spindle-shaped and strong refraction under inverted microscope. Immunocytochemistry staining shows that CD29, CD44, CD105 were positive in BMSCs, surface markers CD34 and CD45 of hematopoietic stem cells were negative. Sweat gland cells showed flat polygonal, and surface markers cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK8, CK18, CK19 and carcinoembryonic antigen were positive in sweat gland cells. It is feasible to separate and culture BMSCs with adherent method and to isolate and culture sweat gland cells with collagenase digestion method. Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation, culture and adipogenic ability of different sources of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells Zhao Zhi-zheng, Lin Hong-sheng 2012, 16 (6):  968-972.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.004 Abstract ( 322 )   PDF (436KB) ( 264 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, the most commonly used bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are murine cells. However, the reports on the purification, expression of surface antigen and the differentiation ability of the BMSCs from rat and mice are rare.  OBJECTIVE: To isolate, identify and purify different sources of BMSCs and to compare the difference on adipogenic differentiation. METHODS: The BMSCs were separated from SD rats and Balb/c mice by using differential adhesion, purified by passage, and the purification and proliferation of BMSCs through the process of status were observed. The expression of cell surface antigen of two kinds of BMSCs was identified by flow cytometry. The adipogenic differentiation ability between different sources of BMSCs was compared.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During isolation and culture of BMSCs, the proliferation of BMSCs from SD rats was significantly stronger than that from Balb/c mice (P < 0.05); the half of the growth period was 36 hours. The typical swirling posted wall growth characteristics could be seen in the third generation. Balb/c mice and SD rats could not express hematopoietic stem cells marker CD34 detected by flow cytometry, and there was no expression of the CD34 cell marker in the subsequent generations (< 5%), with the continuous passage purification, the number of CD29 expression was steady increased, the purity of the surface marker reached to 99% after SD rats BMSCs passaged to the third generation. But the increasing of CD29 was not very obvious in Balb/c mice BMSCs. This fact is consistent with endothelial like cells under the microscope. In adipogenic, SD rats BMSCs still showed a stronger multi-ability; the time for the lipid droplets in SD rats was significantly earlier than that in Balb/c mice. With the passage number increased, the spontaneous adipogenic differentiation phenomenon could be seen in two kinds of primary cells, and the adipogenic differentiation in SD rats BMSCs were stronger than that in the Balb/c mice BMSCs. It was easier to obtain high purity and proliferative source of cells from SD rats BMSCs. The adipogenic capacity of SD rats BMSCs was stronger than that of Balb/c mice BMSCs.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of different sources of bone mesenchymal stem cells on CD34+ cell proliferation Wang Rong1, Liu Rui-feng2, Zhang Yong-cui2, Pan Zhi-hui2, Li Xin2, Liu Xiao-min3, Yin Guo-hua2, Zhang Jing4, Zhang Kai-ming2 2012, 16 (6):  973-976.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.005 Abstract ( 286 )   PDF (341KB) ( 276 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are some significant differences of biological characteristics, immunological reaction and antigen presentation between bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from psoriasis vulgaris (PV) patients and normal health. But there are no more differences between PV patients and aborted fetus. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of different sources of BMSCs on CD34+ cell proliferation. METHODS: Mononuclear cells were separated from bone marrow in PV patients and aborted fetus by density gradient centrifugation method, then the cells were cultivated and generated. The cultured supernatant was collected until 72 hours later by spreading to the second generation. The purity of CD34+ cells and BMSCs was detected by flow cytometry. Cells growth was observed under inverted microscope. CD34+ cells from normal human bone marrow were selected by magnetic cell sorting method, and then the cells were cultured in the BMSCs culture supernatant for 24 hours. MTT was used to detect the proliferative activity of CD34+ cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no statistic difference on the morphology of CD34+ cells after cultured in the BMSCs culture supernatant derived from PV patients and aborted fetus for 24 hours. There is no significantly effect of BMSCs culture supernatant derived from PV patients and aborted fetus on the proliferation of CD34+ cells (P > 0.05).   Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of α-zeranol on expression of osteoprotegerin in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived osteoblasts   Liu Wei-hua1, Duan Fei1, Li Shao-chun1, Sun Xiao-fang1, Hao Hua-chao1, He Jing1, Xue Juan1, Deng Xin1, Luo Lei-lei1, Guo Wen-long2 2012, 16 (6):  977-980.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.006 Abstract ( 235 )   PDF (402KB) ( 364 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies showed that α-zeranol (α-ZAL) has significant prevention and treatment effect on postmenopausal osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of α-ZAL on the secretion of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and expression of OPG mRNA in osteoblasts of the rats. METHODS: Estrogen and α-ZAL (10-5-10-10 mol/L) were added into in vitro cultured osteoblasts respectively for intervention. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of ELISA and RT-PCR showed that after application of different concentrations of α-ZAL (10-5-10-10 mol/L), the secretion of OPG and expression of OPG mRNA in the estrogen group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The results confirmed that in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived osteoblast, adding α-ZAL can promote osteoblast OPG secretion and mRNA expression.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of alcohol on the expression of neuropeptide in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells   Wang Yi-sheng1, Zhu Shao-yang1, Li Yue-bai2, Zhao Guo-qiang3, Zhang Zhan-feng1 2012, 16 (6):  981-984.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.007 Abstract ( 320 )   PDF (422KB) ( 317 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have found that the nervous system can effect the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of alcohol on the expressions of calcitontin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRPR) mRNA, substance P receptor (SPR) mRNA, peroxisom proliferator-activeted receptor-γ (PPARγ) mRNA and Runx2 mRNA in human BMSCs.  METHODS: The second generation of BMSCs were divided into two groups at random. The cells in experimental group were treated with 0. 09 mol/L alcohol, and the control group was not treated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expressions of FGF mRNA, CGRPR mRNA, SPR mRNA and Runx2 mRNA in the experimental group were significantly lower those that in the control group (P < 0.01), but the expression of PPARγ mRNA was increased compared with control group (P < 0.01). Alcohol could change the expressions of neuropeptide and depress the differentiation to osteoblasts.     Related Articles | Metrics

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N-acetylcysteine protects bone marrow stromal cells against the toxicity of 6-hydroxydopamine★ Zhang Qi-lin, Luo Wei-feng, Wang Heng-hui, Ye Yan, Zhu Ting-ge, Liu Chun-feng 2012, 16 (6):  985-988.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.008 Abstract ( 282 )   PDF (235KB) ( 286 )   Save BACKGROUND: 6-hydroxydopamine, as an endogenous toxic factor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, participates in oxidative stress. N-acetylcysteine resists oxidation and removes free radicals effectively. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the toxicity of 6-hydroxydopamine in bone marrow stromal cells and the antagonistic effect of N-acetylcysteine on it. METHODS: Bone marrow stromal cells of Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured in vitro. Bone marrow stromal cells of passage 3 were treated with 6-hydroxydopamine with the final concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.1 g/L and N-acetylcysteine with the final concentrations of 0, 0.075, 0.3, 1.2, 4.8 g/L, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: MTT assay showed that 6-hydroxydopamine (0.05 and 0.1 g/L) significantly decreased the viability of bone marrow stromal cells. This toxic effect of 6-hydroxydopamine was significantly inhibited by 0.3 g/L N-acetylcysteine. It suggests that antioxidant N-acetylcysteine may affect the toxic action of 6-hydroxydopamine. Related Articles | Metrics

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R394.2Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells cultured in serum-decremental medium in vitro Li Li, Pang Yan, Zhang Hang, Kuang Li-ping, Xiao Zhi-fang, Wang Yao-chun, Xiao Yang 2012, 16 (6):  989-993.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.009 Abstract ( 246 )   PDF (367KB) ( 286 )   Save BACKGROUND: The proliferation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) strongly depends on the culture conditions. Medium containing 10-20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) can promote cell growth. OBJECTIVE: To build the serum-decremental technology for UCMSCs culture. METHODS: hUCMSCs were separated using collagenase Ⅱ digestion method and purified by adherent culture. The cells were cultured and expanded by the serum-decremental method: media 20% serum-free medium for the primary culture, 50% serum-free medium for the second passage, 80% serum-free medium for the third passage, and 100% serum-free medium for the fourth passage. Cells were cultured in α-MEM medium containing 10% FBS as control. Cell surface markers were tested by flow cytometry. Osteogenic induction test was performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cells cultured in the both media were similar in proliferative ability, morphology, and immunophenotype. Their differentiative potential kept well in both media. However, less FBS was used in serum-decremental medium. Serum-decremental medium improves the safety of hUCMSCs culture in clinical practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Bromodeoxyuridine assay for detecting the proliferation of neural progenitor cells in mice at different ages Zhu Qian1, Zhao Yun-he1, Liu Xue-qin1, Yang Wu-lin2, Lu Li1 2012, 16 (6):  994-997.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.010 Abstract ( 311 )   PDF (367KB) ( 377 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is an analog of thymidine that can be used to analyze the proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the forebrain subventricular zone (SVZ). OBJECTIVE: To systematically assess the proliferation of NPCs in SVZ of mice at different ages by using the optimal BrdU labeling method. METHODS: Embryonic (n=5), neonatal (n=5), adult (n=5) and aged mice (n=5) were used in this study. Mice were given intraperitoneal injection of BrdU, the proliferation of NPCs in forebrain cells in rats at different ages was analyzed, and the influence of niche on NPCs proliferation was investigated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The number of BrdU+ cells in SVZ of embryonic, neonatal, adult and aged mice was (897.20±22.38), (262.17±26.26), (76.67±5.63) and (43.8±2.61), respectively. The proliferation of NPCs was decreased as the age increased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, SA-β-galactosidase staining was used to detect senescence cells in the forebrain，positive cells were found around ventricle in adult and aged mice. Increased activity of SA-β-gal in the brain indicated that age-related changes may influence the proliferation of NPCs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of stromal cell derived factor-1 in proliferation and migration of endogenous neural stem cells after traumatic brain injury Wang Chong-qian, Ding Peng, Mu Lin-jie, Shang Ya-jun, Li Hui, Wang Jin-kun 2012, 16 (6):  998-1002.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.011 Abstract ( 283 )   PDF (453KB) ( 308 )   Save BACKGROUND: The migration of neural stem cells plays an important role in brain injury, but its specific mechanism is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the role of stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in proliferation and migration of endogenous neural stem cells after traumatic brain injury in rats. METHODS: The left motor and sensory cortical areas in rats were hit by self-made free-fall drop using Feeney’s method in order to establish the moderate and severe traumatic brain injury model. The brains were removed at 6 hours, 3, 5 and 7 days after injury. Immunohistochemical analysis of Nestin and SDF-1 was performed on frozen sections. The correlation between proliferation and migration of endogenous neural stem cells and SDF-1 was analyzed. Control group and sham-operated group were taken as control. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The difference of neuroethology assessments between the brain injury group and the control group was significant. Immunohistochemical analysis on frozen sections showed: the SDF-1 was increased significantly compared with the control group at 3 days after injury, a great amount of Nestin-positive cells were seen in the hippocampus and none in the injured region. The SDF-1 expression was increased and distributed more obviously and widely at 5 and 7 days, and few Nestin-positive cells were seen in the injured region. There were no changes in the control and sham-operated groups. It is indicated that the expression of SDF-1 is increased as time going on after brain injury, and SDF-1 is involved in the proliferation and migration of endogenous neural stem cells to the injured region. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists MK-801 on the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells in rats with global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury Yuan Guo-yan1, Ren Ming-xin2, Guo Yi-wei2, Zhou Li2 2012, 16 (6):  1003-1006.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.012 Abstract ( 271 )   PDF (358KB) ( 323 )   Save BACKGROUND: After cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, excessive excitatory amino acids can activate endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) through N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor and can repair nerve cells by the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous NSCs but damage nerve cells by intracellular calcium overload at the same time. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 on the proliferation of endogenous NSCs of global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rat hippocampus. METHODS: The SD rats were divided into control group, operation group and different concentrations of MK-801 group (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 mg/kg). The rats were first treated with lateral ventricle intubation, and 3 days later, four-vessel occlusion was used to establish global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model, except the control group. Different doses of MK-801 were intracerebrally ventricularly injected at 30 minutes before cerebral ischemia. The same concentration of normal saline was used in control group and operation group. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR technique were used to detect nestin positive cells and mRNA level expression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: When the concentration of MK-801 was under 0.8 mg/kg, the protein and mRNA expression of nestin was high and there was no difference between MK-801 group and operation group (P > 0.05). When the concentration of MK-801 was equal to 0.8 mg/kg, the expression of nestin gene and protein was decreased significantly with MK-801 increasing (P < 0.05). MK-801 can not only inhibit calcium overload but also has good effect on stimulating neural stem cell proliferation at the concentration of 0.6 mg/kg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological characteristics and significance of CD133+ cancer stem cells in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma  Wang Hai-li, Wen Zhong, Sheng Cong-xiang, Zhong Pin-neng, Wang Jun-qi 2012, 16 (6):  1007-1010.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.013 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (433KB) ( 443 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recent studies shows that cancer stem cells exist in cancer cell lines, and may be responsible for recurrence and metastasis of tumor. There are few reports on the biological characteristics of CD133+ cancer stem cells in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. OBJECTIVE: To explore the biological characteristics and significance of CD133+ cancer stem cells in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS: Expression of the CD133+ cells were detected by flow cytometry, and purified by magnetic cell sorting from human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2. In vitro proliferation and in vivo tumorigenic capacity of the CD133+ stem cells were detected by serum-free culture, CCK-8, plate colony formation test and tumorigenicity experiment in nude mice, and which statistically compared with CD133- and control CNE-2 cells to understand the biological characteristics of the CD133+ stem cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: CD133+ cells maintained a sphere-like growth status in serum-free medium in vitro, and could form tumor spheres. Compared with the CD133- cells, the CD133+ cells had higher colony-formation ability (P < 0.01). In vivo tumorigenesis ability of the CD133+ cells in the nude mice was higher than that of the CD133- cells (P = 0.05). The results confirmed that CD133+ cells can successfully separate and culture in vitro, and can generate tumor spheres and have high tumorigenesis ability in the nude mice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison and screening of prostate cancer stem cells isolation methods********★ Li Kui-qing, Xu Ke-wei, Zhou Bang-fen, Fan Xin-lan, Dong Wen, Zhang Cai-xia, Bi Liang-kuan 2012, 16 (6):  1011-1014.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.014 Abstract ( 367 )   PDF (292KB) ( 375 )   Save BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer stem cell is an important reason for the invasion and recurrence of prostatic carcinoma. However, separation efficiency of prostate cancer stem cells is very low. OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficient method for isolating and identifying the prostate cancer stem cells from human prostatic carcinoma cell lines PC-3 and LNCap. METHODS: Prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and LNCap were cultured in serum free medium (SFM) and serum supplemented medium (SSM), respectively. The percentage of prostate cancer stem cells from different medium was detected by flow cytometry through markers CD133 and CD44, and the properties of prostate cancer stem cells were preliminarily identified using inducing differentiation experiments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: PC-3 and LNCap formed sphere cells in SFM, which can be induced into adherent cells after culture in SSM. Higher percentage of CD44+/CD133+cells was obtained from LNCap cells (1.71%; 0.73%) than PC-3 cells (0.59%; 0.32%) in both SFM and SSM. The number of CD44+/CD133+ LNCap cells was more than PC-3 using both methods (P < 0.05), but the efficiency of SFM and SSM had no statistical significance (P > 0.05). However, the culture cycle was longer and number of obtained cells was less by SFM culture, directly influencing functional determination of prostate cancer stem cells. Compared with suspension culture method with SFM, SSM is more convenient and effective in isolating prostate cancer stem cells from LNCap cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Proliferation and multi-differentiation of retinal stem cells in rats Yu De-li1, Yu Zi-Jiang2 2012, 16 (6):  1015-1018.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.015 Abstract ( 293 )   PDF (337KB) ( 265 )   Save BACKGROUND: Domestic studies on in vitro isolation and identification of retinal stem cells are still in the preliminary exploration stage. OBJECTIVE: To isolate, culture and identify the retinal stem cells from newborn rats in vitro and to investigate the cell multi-differentiation capacity. METHODS: The cells derived from the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) of newborn 24-hour SD rats were isolated and cultured in vitro. The proliferating capacity and differentiating properties of the cultured cells were studied by using immunocytochemistry methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The isolated cells derived from CMZ cultured in serum-free medinum could give rise to neural spheres in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor. These cells could proliferate successively and generate secondary neural spheres, thus displaying potential to self-renew. These neural spheres could be expanded for up to 8 passages and could express constantly the neuroectodermal marker Nestin and Chx-10, a retinal stem cell marker, showing the undifferentiated stem cells properties in vitro. Analysis of the differentiation potential of the cultured cells in vitro showed that the cultured cells derived from CMZ were multipotential. Upon withdrawal of basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor, and by addition of serum, the stem cells expressed cell type specific markers corresponding to neurons and glia, such as NSE, GFAP, Opsin, PKC, and β-tubulin. Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro isolation, culture and natural differentiation potential of pancreatic stem cells in newborn Kunming mouse   Cen Yan-hui, He Guo-zhen, Huang Bo, Huang Rong-shi, Jia Wei, Peng Yue, Yu Guang-qiang 2012, 16 (6):  1019-1023.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.016 Abstract ( 291 )   PDF (396KB) ( 276 )   Save BACKGROUND: Now, it is still difficult to obtain the distribution of pancreatic stem cells in pancreatic tissue, and to isolate them effectively and in vitro optimal culture. OBJECTIVE: To isolate pancreatic stem cells from pancreatic tissue in newborn Kunming mice and to culture them in vitro conditions for the morphological and biological characteristics observation and preliminary identification. METHODS: The newborn SPF Kunming mouse pancreatic tissue were digested by V collagenase. Percoll discontinuous density gradient centrifugation was used for the separation of pancreatic tissue cells and exocrine cells and distribution at three different density interfaces. Different interface cells were collected to culture in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium containing serum-free, basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Observation of the cell morphology and cell growth characteristics combined with dithizone staining confirmed that, pancreatic endocrine cells were located in the first and second density interface, whereas cells of pancreatic exocrine located in the third density interface after Percoll discontinuous density gradient centrifugation. A kind of large, round, mononuclear, colony-like grown cells were found in both exocrine and endocrine cells from pancreas, which showed active proliferation, positive for alkaline phosphatase staining and expressed specific markers of pancreatic stem cells-Nestin, these cells just were the pancreatic stem cells. With the extension of time in vitro, pancreatic stem cells from exocrine and endocrine part of pancreas expressed PDX-1 and CK-19 respectively, which showed the differentiation potential to pancreatic endocrine cells and exocrine cell respectively.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Heme oxygenase-1 can improve the survival rate of canine cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplanted into infarcted hearts Chen De-hai1, Wang Ping1, Zhang Shen1, Wu Lian-he1, Zhang Pei-xi1, Ma Nan2 2012, 16 (6):  1024-1027.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.017 Abstract ( 196 )   PDF (324KB) ( 259 )   Save BACKGROUND: The heme oxygenase-1 has a strong endogenous antioxidant role, and can reduce inflammation and play a protecting role for cells.  OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of heme oxygenase-1 on the survival rate of canine cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplanted in infarcted hearts. METHODS: Cord blood was obtained, and mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and amplified by adherent culture. Mesenchymal stem cells of the fourth generation were treated by hemin for 24 hours, then the expression of heme oxygenase-1 enzyme was detected by immunohistochemistry. The fourth generation cells labeled by the LacZ reporter gene were transplanted into infracted area of hearts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The heme oxygenase-1 expression of canine cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells following pretreated with hemin was significantly increased for more than 14 days. The cells transplanted into the infarcted area could survive for a long time. Image analysis showed that the 4, 8 weeks after transplantation, cell viability of the experimental group was significantly higher than control group. Preliminary results suggest that over-expression of heme oxygenase-1 can significantly increase the survival of cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells after transplanted into myocardial infarction hearts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of autologous bone marrow stem cells mobilization at different time points on vascular regeneration of acute ischemic myocardium  Yu Gui-ping, Shen Zhen-ya, Yu Yun-sheng, Guo Shi-qiang, Chen Yi-huan, Hu Yan-qiu 2012, 16 (6):  1028-1031.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.018 Abstract ( 285 )   PDF (331KB) ( 303 )   Save BACKGROUND: The bone marrow stem cells can be mobilized and migrate to the damage tissue after the normal tissue defect and can proliferate and differentiate and repair the damage tissue under local microenvironment. OBJECTIVE: To establish the acute ischemic myocardial infarction model of swines mobilized by colony-stimulating factor (CSF) and to study the effect of bone marrow mobilization on the cardiac function and vascular regeneration of acute myocardial infarction model. METHODS: Fifteen healthy Taihu Meishan swines were used to establish the ischemic myocardial infarction model mobilization in the distal end of the left anterior descending branch (LAD) with a gelatin sponge through cardiac catheter, and explore its mechanism initially. The swines were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, injected with DMEM through coronary artery at the 4th week after modeling; the immediate mobilization group, injected with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) at the 3rd hour after modeling and last for 5 days; 1 week mobilization group, injected with G-CSF at the 1st week after modeling and last for 5 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with control group, the functional parameter, such as ejection fraction, left ventricular internal dimension diastole and left ventricular internal dimension systole in immediate mobilization group and 1 week mobilization group were improved significantly. And after bone marrow mobilization, the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the two groups were significantly elevated, as well as the vascular density. There was no obvious difference in control group. Bone marrow stem cells were mobilized by G-CSF and migrated to the site of myocardial infarction, and differentiated into initial vascular structure, and take part in the vascular formation in ischemic myocardium. Related Articles | Metrics

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Intravenous administration of human umbilical cord blood stem cells reduces nerve cell apoptosis of cerebral ischemia rats Song Hong1, Fu Xia2, Dong Lei-lei1 2012, 16 (6):  1032-1035.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.019 Abstract ( 238 )   PDF (286KB) ( 236 )   Save BACKGROUND: After transplantation, the umbilical cord blood stem cells can migrate to the brain damage zone, survive and differentiate into nerve cells, promote recovery of damaged neurological function. OBJECTIVE: To approach the curative effect of intravenous administration of human umbilical cord blood stem cells (hUCBSCs) on cerebral ischemia in rats, and its influence on nerve cells apoptosis. METHODS: The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established by using Zea-Longa’s method in rats. 48 rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=24) and treatment group (n=24). Control group and treatment group were received intravenous administration of PBS and hUCBSCs, respectively, at 1 day after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no significant difference between the neurological scores of two groups at 3 and 7 days after operation (P >0.05); at the 14th and 21st days after operation, the neurological score was significantly improved in the treatment group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Many BrdU-positive cells were found in the cerebral section in treatment group, while no BrdU-positive cells were found in control group. The number of apoptotic cells in treatment group was significantly less than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Intravenously administered hUCBSCs could migrate to the ischemia brain tissue, inhibit nerve cell apoptosis and improve the neurological function significantly. Related Articles | Metrics

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Therapeutic effect of erythropoietin gene modified umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on the morphology of brain cells and the recovery of neurological function in traumatic brain injury rats Zhong Zhi-jian, Lü Jia-xi 2012, 16 (6):  1036-1040.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.020 Abstract ( 244 )   PDF (399KB) ( 263 )   Save BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that erythropoietin (EPO) has a neuroprotective effect. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of EPO modified human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) intracerebral transplantation on traumatic brain injury of rats. METHODS: The expression of exogenous EPO in UC-MSCs was examined by Western blot. 90 healthy Wistar rats were used to establish the heavy-duty hydraulic model of traumatic brain injury. The models were randomly divided into control group, UC-MSCs transplantation group and EPO+UC-MSCs transplantation group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Western blot results showed that the EPO gene modified UC-MSCs could express the EPO in vitro. Compared with control group, the neurological severity scores (mNSS) in UC-MSCs transplantation group and EPO+UC-MSCs transplantation group was decreased (P < 0.05) and lower in EPO+UC-MSCs transplantation group (P < 0.01). The average time of escape latency was gradually decreased in each group. However, from the 3rd to the 5th day, time in EPO+UC-MSCs transplantation group was shorter than that in control group (P < 0.05) and then in UC-MSCs group (P < 0.01). In addition, the frequency of platform passing and the percentage of swimming distance in target quadrant and total distance was highest in EP0+UC-MSCs transplantation group (P < 0.05). Morphological observation showed that the scar and malacia of brain tissue in EPO+UC-MSCs transplantation group was smaller than that in UC-MSCs transplantation group and then in control group, but the sequence of the CM-Dil positive cells number in three groups was contrast. Transplantation of EPO gene-modified UC-MSCs can significantly improve the neurological function in the rats with TBI.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Roles of fluorescence in situ hybridization in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Mo Yao-xi1, Zhou Rui-lian2, Mo Wei-ying1, Lan Mei2, Lin Jin-ying2 2012, 16 (6):  1041-1045.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.021 Abstract ( 261 )   PDF (321KB) ( 347 )   Save BACKGROUND: The chimeric rate is very important in the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Its decline always means the host anti-graft or leukemia relapse. Many techniques, including bone marrow cytology, conventional cytogenetic and flow cytometry, are not sensitive and specific enough in monitoring the chimerism. OBJECTIVE: To verify the sensitivity and specificity of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the detection of allogeneic chimerism after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: The chimerism of the sex mismatched Allo-HSCT was detected by FISH, utilizing X, Y chromosomes and bcr/abl fusion gene, in comparison with bone marrow cytology. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Through monitoring the chimerism by FISH in 3 cases, which were sex mismatched Allo-HSCT, it is confirmed that FISH is more sensitive and specific than bone marrow cytology, and has the unique advantage in detection of chimerisms. Related Articles | Metrics

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Membranous nephropathy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation in one case Dong Xiu-juan1, Zhou Kai1, Jiao Xue-li1, Chen Lei1, Liu Meng-meng2, Han Li-jie1, Su Li3, Wu Fan1, Zhao Xiao-wu1 2012, 16 (6):  1046-1049.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.022 Abstract ( 327 )   PDF (390KB) ( 283 )   Save BACKGROUND: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in patients is closely related with membranous nephropathy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features of renal damage associated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (Allo-HSCT) in order to do the early diagnosis of GVHD. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of clinical presentation and the follow-up therapy and vesting of 1 case of membranous nephropathy after acute leukemia Allo-HSCT. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The clinical manifestations in patient were severe proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, hypoalbuminemia and other features of nephrotic syndrome, and dry eyes, dry mouth and other performance of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) was increased. Pathological diagnosis of membranous nephropathy was made. After the treatment of immunosuppressants such as prednisone, tacrolimus and triptolide for 4 months, the proteinuria was negative, clinical symptoms were improved. Up for 3 years without recurrent disease and the life quality was better. Chronic kidney damage is a special performance of cGVHD after Allo-HSCT and the vesting is good with the treatment of immunosuppressive therapy, pathological examination of renal was important for diagnosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Neural stem cells transplantation in subacute stage of spinal cord injury: Expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine injured spinal cord   Ba Ying-chun1, Tang Jian-zhong2, Fan Yan1, Li Zhong-ming1, Wang Jin-de1, Wang Ting-hua3 2012, 16 (6):  1050-1055.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.023 Abstract ( 334 )   PDF (566KB) ( 337 )   Save BACKGROUND: 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) serotonergic fibers are evaluated as one of regenerative indice after spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: To study effects of neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation on the recovery of the rats injured spinal cord in subacute stage (on the 7th day). METHODS: The normal adult SD female rats were divided into 3 groups: merely spinal cord transection group, sham operation group (just opened the lamina, but not transected the spinal cord), NSCs transplantation group. NSCs transplantation group was performed on the 7th day after spinal cord transection, the other two groups were not performed with transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In 1-2 segments above scar of spinal cord, the number of 5-HT positive fibers in NSCs transplantation group was more than that in merely spinal cord transection group. It indicates that NSCs transplantation group in subacute stage can promote the nerve regeneration after spinal cord injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of peripheral blood CD34+ level in type 2 diabetes combined with acute cerebral infraction and its clinical significance Zhou Xiao-ying1, Yu Hong-yan2, Wang Hui-qing1, Yuan Shu-hong1, Gao Jiang-yan1, Xu Lei3 2012, 16 (6):  1056-1061.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.024 Abstract ( 304 )   PDF (335KB) ( 263 )   Save BACKGROUND: CD34+ cell is a new marker of vascular endothelium, the detection of CD34+ cells level may reflect the changes of endothelial function. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between the number of CD34+ cells and the cerebral infarction. METHODS: A total of 110 subjects were included to review, the subjects were divided into four groups: type 2 diabetes group, acute cerebral infraction group, combination group (n=30) and control group (n=20). Flow cytometry Pro COUNT method was used to measure the number of peripheral blood CD34+ mononuclear cells and analyze the relationship with the risk factors for cerebrovascular disease. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was significant difference in the number of peripheral blood CD34+ mononuclear cells of four groups (P < 0.05) analyzed by variance. The number of peripheral blood CD34+ mononuclear cells in control group was higher than that in other three groups (P < 0.01), the type 2 diabetes group was higher than acute cerebral infraction group and combination group (P < 0.01). The number of peripheral blood CD34+ mononuclear cells in patients with type 2 diabetes combined with acute cerebral infraction was negative correlated with fasting plasma glucose and systolic blood pressure, and positively correlated with the ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. It had no relationship with diastolic blood pressure, smoking, cholesterol and triglyceride. CD34+ cells can influence the cerebral infarction development by its risk factors, so the monitoring of CD34+ can be used to prevent the occurrence of acute cerebral infarction in type 2 diabetes patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Novel histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA induces the apoptosis of myeloma cells in vitro  Yu Tao, Zhang Peng, Lu Quan-yi, Liu Yin-mei 2012, 16 (6):  1062-1066.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.025 Abstract ( 311 )   PDF (383KB) ( 321 )   Save BACKGROUND: SAHA is a new kind of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI), the research about the effect of HDACI on myemola cells is rare, and the molecular mechanism of its induction of apoptosis is still poorly understood.  OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of SAHA on proliferation and apoptosis of multiple myeloma cell line U266 cells in vitro and its possible mechanism. METHODS: The proliferation of U266 cells was measured by trypan blue exclusion method and colorimetric tetrazolium; the AlllexinV and PI staining was used to detect the apoptosis rates of U266 cells by flow cytometry, and the apoptotic morphological change was observed with Hoechst33342 staining; the expression of cell signaling proteins Ras/Raf /Mek /Erk were detected by Western-blot analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The trypan blue exclusion method and colorimetric tetrazolium showed that SAHA could inhibit the proliferation rate of U266 cells and in a time-dose dependent manner. After treated with 0.5, 2 and 4 μmol/L SAHA for 48 hours, the apoptosis of U266 cells were (17.61±1.30)%, (41.13±3.80)% and (74.01±4.39)% respectively detected by flow cytometry, and in a dose dependent manner (P < 0.05). Distinct morphology changes between SAHA-treated group and control group were observed through fluorescence microscope by Hoechst 33342 staining; cell apoptosis such as karyopyknosis and nuclear fragmentation were significant in SAHA-treated group while in control group such changes were not obvious. The Western blot analysis showed that the phosphorylation of Raf-1 and its downstream ERK kinases were inhibited obviously after treated with SAHA and remarkable down-regulated when treated with the agent for 48 hours. SAHA can inhibit the proliferation of multiple myeloma cell line U266 cells and induce their apoptosis, the intercept of the signal pathway Ras/Raf /Mek /Erk is one of the underlying mechanism. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of chemokine receptor 2 mRNA in bone marrow cells of acute lymphocytic leukemia patients   Wang Xiao-tao, Tang Rong-fang, Tang Ai-lin, Nie Yu-wei, Liu Jian, Mo Dong-hua 2012, 16 (6):  1067-1070.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.026 Abstract ( 284 )   PDF (315KB) ( 652 )   Save BACKGROUND: In clinical practice, the expression of chemokine receptor 2 (CCL2) in bone marrow cells is hoped to be used in hazardous classification and prognosis estimation of acute lymphocytic leukemia patients. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of CCL2 mRNA in bone marrow cells of patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. METHODS: Fifty patients with newly diagnosed ALL were selected as experimental group, and thirty patients without hematological tumor were taken as control group. After treatment, the experimental group was divided into complete remission (CR) group (43 cases) and incomplete remission group (7 cases) according to the efficacy. 5 mL bone marrow from each case was extracted in order to detect the CCL2 mRNA expression by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: CCL2 mRNA expression in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the  control group (P < 0.05). CCL2 mRNA expression in the CR group was significantly lower than that in the incomplete remission group (P < 0.01). CCL2 mRNA expression in the CR group after treatment was decreased than before (P < 0.01). CCL2 mRNA expression in the incomplete remission group before treatment was not obviously decreased compared with that after 2 courses of treatment (P > 0.05). CCL2 mRNA expression in acute lymphocytic leukemia patients with immune subtype pre-B was higher than with immune subtype common B and T (P < 0.05). CCL2 mRNA expression in patients with white blood cells≥50×109/L was higher than patients with white blood cells <10×109/L and 10×109/L≤ white blood cells < 50×109/L (P < 0.05), the 10×109/L≤ white blood cells < 50×109/L group was higher than the white blood cells < 10×109/L group (P < 0.01). It is indicated that the bone marrow of acute lymphocytic leukemia patients can secrete out CCL2, bone marrow levels of CCL2 mRNA are related to the count of white blood cells at diagrosis and the immune subtype. The levels of CCL2 mRNA can reflect the short short-term outcomes in some degree. Related Articles | Metrics

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Transplantation of unrelated allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells for treatment of malignant hematological diseases in 15 cases Li Xu-dong, He Yi, Wang Dong-ning, Huang Ren-wei, Liu Jia-jun, Lin Dong-jun 2012, 16 (6):  1071-1074.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.027 Abstract ( 320 )   PDF (263KB) ( 284 )   Save BACKGROUND: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation is the main method to cure malignant hematological diseases. As there are many single child families in China, it is important to explore the therapeutic efficiency of unrelated allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation and prevent the complications after surgery. OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic efficiency and associated complications of unrelated allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation for treatment of malignant hematological diseases in 15 cases.   METHODS: Fifteen patients with malignant hematological diseases received. All cases were subjected to busulfan combined with cyclophosphamide regimen. The graft-versus-host disease was prevented by cyclosporin A, short-term methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil regimen in 4 cases, and the other 11 cases received antithymocyte globulin additionally. Patients were infused by the nucleated cells with median of 6.3×108/kg and the CD34+ cells with median of 3.1×106/kg.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Fourteen cases had been identified to achieve engraftment, and 1 case died at early stage. Five cases developed grade Ⅰ acute graft-versus-host disease, and three cases developed grade Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ acute graft-versus-host disease respectively. Eight patients experienced local chronic graft-versus-host disease. Five cases suffered fungal infection in lung, three had cytomegalovirus infection and six developed hemorrhagic cystitis. 10 cases have lived for 5 months to 11 years after transplantation. Unrelated allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation is safe and can be tolerant well for patients. Reducing the high transplantation-related mortality is the first problem needs to be overcome. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on cell proliferation and the mRNA expression of extracellular matrix of Sprague-Dawley rat precartilagious stem cells   Zhang Di, Qi Jun, Jiang Ting, Li Kun-peng, Guo Feng-jin 2012, 16 (6):  1075-1079.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.028 Abstract ( 288 )   PDF (344KB) ( 327 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies show that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound can improve the healing of bone fracture and regulate the cell proliferation and extracellular matrix secretion of cartilage. OBJECTIVE: To identify the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on cell proliferation and extracellular matrix secretion of precartilagious stem cells (PCSCs) METHODS: The precartilagious stem cells were isolated from the neonatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and purified with magnetic activated cell sorting, identified by immunocytochemistry with the specific marker (FGFR-3). Passage 3 cells were divided into 4 groups: Blank control group, 5 minutes per day group, 12 minutes per day group and 20 minutes per day group. The cells were cultured for 24 hours continually after stimulated by LIPU. The cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 method at the 1st, 3rd and 5th day. The total RNA was collected every 30 minutes after stimulated by low-intensity pulsed ultrasound, and the gene expression of collagen type Ⅱ, Aggrecan, transforming growth factor β1 and Sox9 was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound could promote the proliferation of SD rats PCSCs, and compared with the blank control group on the first day only the 20 minutes per day group showed more obvious proliferation than the other groups, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound can also promote the gene expression of collagen type Ⅱ, Aggrecan, TGF-β1 and Sox9 on SD rats PCSCs significantly. Higher amount of mRNA expression resulted from more stimulation, and the most effective group is 20 minutes per day group. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound can promote the cell proliferation and extracellular matrix secretion of rat PCSCs. This effect may be mediated by TGF-β1 and Sox9 gene.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment of Parkinson’s disease by transplantation of neuroepithelial stem cells carrying green fluorescent protein Wang Jia-zeng 2012, 16 (6):  1080-1084.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.029 Abstract ( 317 )   PDF (363KB) ( 340 )   Save BACKGROUND: Allogeneic transplantation of neural stem cells in cell replacement therapy is the hot spots for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). But the prior studies mainly focus on the morphological information of transplanted cells and animal behavior change, and the mechanism is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the mechanism of neuroepithelial stem cells transplantation for the treatment of PD through the research of the relationship between the rotation behavior change and the content of dopamine of PD rats after neuroepithelial stem cells transplantation.  METHODS: The PD rat models were established and divided into two groups. The neuroepithelial stem cells derived from green fluorescent protein in experimental group were transplanted into striatum of PD rat model after clone, and then rat in the control group was injected with normal saline. The survival and differentiation of transplant neuroepithelial stem cells were detected and the relationship between the change of rotation behavior and content of dopamine were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The rotation behavior of rat in the experimental group was improved significantly after transplantation. Some grafts were found survived well and some TH-positive cells could be detected in the graft region. The content of dopamine in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group. The recovery of PD rat rotational behavior was positively related to dopamine content change after the transplantation of neuroepithelial stem cells carrying green fluorescent protein, the differentiation of functional TH-positive cells may be the basic mechanism of neuroepithelial stem cells transplantation for the treatment of PD. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in tumor stem cells: literature retrieval results based on international database  Nan Jin-niang, Hu Xu-guang, Li Hong-xiu 2012, 16 (6):  1085-1094.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.030 Abstract ( 203 )   PDF (724KB) ( 360 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tumor stem cells are cancer cells that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, found in a particular cancer sample. Tumor stem cells may generate tumors through the stem cell processes of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple cell types. Such cells are proposed to persist in tumors as a distinct population and cause relapse and metastasis by giving rise to new tumors. OBJECTIVE: To identify the global research trends of tumor stem cells via a bibliometric analysis of Web of Science (WOS), National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Clinical Trials registry database (ClinicalTrials.gov). DESIGN: A bibliometric study. DATA RETRIEVAL: We performed a bibliometric analysis for data retrievals regarding in tumor stem cells from 2002 to 2011 via WOS, NIH and ClinicalTrials.gov. The data were downloaded on December 18, 2011.  SELECTION CRITERIA: Inclusive criteria: ①Peer-reviewed articles in tumor stem cells which were published and indexed in WOS, including articles of original research articles, reviews, meeting abstracts and proceeding paper. ②Funding for tumor stem cells, and ③clinical trials on tumor stem cells were included. Exclusive criteria: ①Articles need to be manually searched or accessed only through telephone; ②unpublished articles; ③Correction paper. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: ①Total article outputs; ②type of articles; ③distribution of output in subject categories; ④publication distribution of countries; ⑤funding; ⑥publication distribution of institutions; ⑦top cited paper; ⑧distribution of publications ⑨active projects financially supported by NIH; ⑩clinical trials registered. RESULTS: ①During 2002 to 2011, 3 642 papers studying tumor stem cells were indexed in WOS. There were only 10 articles published in 2002, whereas the number of publications doubled since 2007. 927 articles in tumor stem cells were published and covered in 2011. Original research was the most frequently document type of published papers, which 2 033 original research paper were indexed and published in the past 10 years. ②The result showed that nearly half the literature in the field were published by Americans institutes/universities. China was ranked No. 2 in terms of number of literature published. Most of the published articles were funded by NIH, national natural science foundation of China, and National Cancer Institution. It is interested that most cited articles were mostly published in Nature, Cancer Research, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America and Cell Stem Cell. ③Over USD$0.15billion were funded to 365 active projects in 2012 by NIH. ④There were 2 958 clinical studies regarding tumor stem cells registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. CONCLUSION: From the analysis of literature and research trends, we found that the development of specific therapies targeted at tumor stem cells holds hope for improvement of survival and quality of life of cancer patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in the source and surface markers of brain tumor stem cells Qiu Shi1, 2, Tan Xiao-hua1, Huang Hui2 2012, 16 (6):  1095-1098.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.031 Abstract ( 299 )   PDF (435KB) ( 364 )   Save BACKGROUND: With the study of brain tumors, researchers have found that brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) play an important role in tumor growth, development, recurrence and metastasis. OBJECTIVE: To review the source, biological characters and research progress of BCTCs. METHODS: The Wanfang database and ELSEVIER database were used to search the related articles about BTCTs published between January 1998 and January 2010 with the key words of “brain tumor stem cells” in Chinese and “brain tumor stem cells, BTCTs” in English. Totally 198 literatures were screened out, and finally 25 important articles were selected to review according to the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: BTCTs may originate from mutation of neural stem cells, BTCTs have the character of self-renewal, multi-differentiation potency. CD133 and Nestin is the surface biomarker of BTCTs that has been widely used. Study of BTCTs is helpful to clarify the growth mechanism, biological character, clinical treatment and prognosis analysis of the brain tumor. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prospects of immunologic intervention combined with stem cells transplantation for the treatment of type 1 diabetes Li Fang, Chen Hui 2012, 16 (6):  1099-1102.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.032 Abstract ( 373 )   PDF (386KB) ( 264 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recent studies show that the combination of immunological intervention and stem cells transplantation can maintain a comparatively long time of insulin—independent period and ease the occurrence of diabetic complications, but the mechanisms are still unknown． OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively analyze the prospects of immunologic intervention combined with stem cells transplantation for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. METHODS: The articles were retrieved in PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), CNKI database (http://www.cnki.net), Weipu database (http://www.cqvip.com/index.shtml) and Wanfang database (http://g.wanfangdata.com.cn/) with the key words of “Stem Cells, Diabetes Mellitus, Immunosuppression” in English or “Stem Cells, Diabetes Mellitus” in Chinese. Among 1676 related literatures, articles closely related with stem cells or immunologic intervention in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and doctorial articles were selected. The older literatures and repetitive researches were excluded, a total of 29 English articles were included for further analysis.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Based on the present status of the research on stem cells transplantation combined with immunologic intervention in the treatment of type 1 diabetes, 29 related literatures at home or abroad were used to research.  The results showed that the combination of immunologic intervention and stem cells transplantation for the treatment of type 1 diabetes could increase the efficiency of the therapy, reduce the occurrence of complications, and has a good prospect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gene therapy and stem cell therapy in chronic wound healing  Xia Zhang-quan1, 2, Zhang Cong-ji1, Wang Tao3 2012, 16 (6):  1103-1106.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.033 Abstract ( 366 )   PDF (405KB) ( 336 )   Save BACKGROUND: A lot of diseases and factors can cause chronic wound or delayed wound healing. Cene theropy and stem cell therapy provide a new way for the treatment of chronic refractory wounds. OBJECTIVE: To make a review of gene therapy and stem cell therapy in chronic wound healing METHODS: A search across the databases of Medline (1980 to 2010-12) was performed, with key words of “gene therapy, stem cell therapy, chronic wound”. The literatures published in recent years with strong directions were included, and studies unrelated to the objective were excluded. Combined with our research experience, latest abroad researches were accessed and summed up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 267 articles were obtained from the preliminary search across the databases, and 33 documents were eventually included in the study. Gene therapy and stem cell therapy, of which theory and technology grow increasingly mature, have supplied two novel techniques to chronic wound healing and may take breakthrough to the treatment of chronic wound healing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in labeling and tracing technique of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells  Sun Jiang-sen, Li Biao, Gong Yue-kun 2012, 16 (6):  1107-1110.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.034 Abstract ( 280 )   PDF (424KB) ( 653 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cytological markers and tracer technology of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are the focus in transplantation treatment of stem cells. Although in recent years, cytological markers and tracer technology of BMSCs have made great progress, there are still many problems need to be solved. OBJECTIVE: To review the research and development of tracer technique and cytological markers of BMSCs. METHODS: The articles related to cytological markers and tracer technology of BMSCs from CNKI and Foreign Medical Journal Service database between 1982 and 2011 were retrieved by computer with the key words of “bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, markers, tracer technique” in title and summary or “ bone marrow, labeling, Tracer” as search terms in English. Finally 29 articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There are many tracer techniques of BMSCs, the mainly techniques are isotope tracer method, antigen labeling, fluorescent protein, fluorescence dye labeling, magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancer notation, Lac-Z gene marker method and Y-chromosome labeling. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. Selected markers should have high specificity, high sensitivity, lower effect on the cell or organism, labeling and detection easily, appropriate marker time and so on. Tracer technique of seed cells still needs further study.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Current researches of signal pathways involved in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into nerve cells   Liu Zhen-dong, Wang Jing-cheng, Yang Jian-dong 2012, 16 (6):  1111-1114.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.035 Abstract ( 262 )   PDF (424KB) ( 338 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can be induced to differentiate into nerve cells in appropriate culture conditions. OBJECTIVE: To review various signal pathways referred to the process of BMSCs differentiation into nerve cells. METHODS: The databases of CNKI and Web of Science were searched for the articles about BMSCs differentiation into nerve cells published from January 2001 to December 2010. The key words were “bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, neural cells, signal” in Chinese and English. Finally, 19 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The relationship between cell signaling pathways is complex, and thus it is more accurate for the regulation of cell-specific responses. A series of signal transduction pathways involved in the regulation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into nerve cells, including Ca2+ signaling pathway, protein kinase A signaling pathway, MEK-ERK pathway, PI3K/AKt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, which are interrelated with each other. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances of stem cells transplantation for hepatic disease Xing Xiu-wei1, 2, Li Jian-sheng1 2012, 16 (6):  1115-1118.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.036 Abstract ( 310 )   PDF (411KB) ( 408 )   Save BACKGROUND: In the recent years, stem cells transplantation in the treatment of hepatic disease is a hot research spot for many scholars. The research of the basic theory and clinical application about stem cells transplantation has greatly developed.  OBJECTIVE: To briefly review several aspects of stem cells transplantation, such as the theoretical basis of stem cells transplantation, stem cell sources, ways of transplantation, the experimental and clinical research, the existing problems and prospects. METHODS: The CNKI database and Pubmed database (during 2001-01/2011-11) were used to search the related articles about stem cells transplantation in the treatment of hepatic disease. The retrieval keywords were “stem cell, transplantation and hepatic disease, hepatic injury” in English and Chinese. There were 192 articles by the initial retrieval. Then 31 articles were remained according to the inclusion criteria.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Stem cells had adequate sources, and it was easy to obtain. Stem cells could be cultivated and proliferate in vitro. The technology of stem cells transplantation had many advantages, such as the simple operation and high safety. Especially autologous stem cells transplantation could completely avoid transplant rejection. However, the effectiveness and safety of autologous stem cells transplantation for the treatment of hepatic disease was still unclear, a long-term observation was needed to be done. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prospect and advances in liver stem cells Wang Nan1, 2, Zou Wei2, Liu Peng1, Cui Zhan-feng3○, Liu Jing1 2012, 16 (6):  1119-1124.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.037 Abstract ( 276 )   PDF (468KB) ( 443 )   Save BACKGROUND: The treatment of end-stage liver disease with liver stem cells transplantation has raised the concern in recent years. However, the clinical application is restricted by some technical problems, such as cell shortage, cell dispersion and loss and low differentiation rate after transplation, which will be solved effectively with rapid development of liver stem cells tissue engineering technology. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the progress of liver stem cell tissue engineering and outlook the prospect application. METHODS: We searched for the related articles in PubMed published from January 1999 and December 2010. The key words were “liver stem cell tissue engineering, three dimensional culture, biodegradable materials, bioreactor” in English. Totally 241 articles were selected primarily, and finally 43 articles met the inclusive requirement. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional culture of cells is proved to be an effective means of cell proliferation in vitro, which will solve liver stem cells shortage in liver tissue engineering. There are big differences in proliferation efficiency and transplantation effect when the different scaffold materials and reactors are used. Therefore it is a crucial technical problem to establish the ideal proliferation conditions of liver stem cells, improve the biocompatibility of scaffold and promote the efficiency of transplantation. Further studies should be done to study the construction of scaffold materials and application of reactors for liver stem cells in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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The future perspective and proposed molecular mechanism of stem cell-secreted factors in promoting refractory wound healing   Sun Ya-ru, Zhang Mei-rong, Gao Hong 2012, 16 (6):  1125-1128.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.038 Abstract ( 205 )   PDF (409KB) ( 531 )   Save BACKGROUND: Stem cells secrete numerous types of wound healing related factors. OBJECTIVE: To review the feasibility of stem cell-secreted factors in the treatment of refractory wound, and the possible regulation and repairing mechanism. METHODS: A computer-based online search of Google, Pubmed Database and Wanfang Database were performed for articles and reviews. The key words were “chronic wound, refractory wound, cutaneous, wound healing, wound repair, diabetic wound, stem cell-derived conditioned medium, cellular cytokine solution” in English, and “would repair, injury repair” in Chinese. A total of 57 articles were retrieved, and screened following reading titles and abstracts. Literatures about stem cell-secreted wound healing related factors were included. Repetitive and poor quality articles were excluded. Finally, 34 literatures were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Stem cell-derived conditioned medium contains numerous wound healing related factors, which can be used as an alternative in treating refractory wound. However, stem cells from different sources or in different cultivation conditions will produce different secretions, thus further exploration is needed to resolve issues such as which kind of stem cells should be used to generate conditioned medium, how to stimulate stem cells to largely produce wound healing related factors, how frequent and at what dosage and timing should stem cell-derived conditioned medium be optimally applied. Related Articles | Metrics

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Stem cells therapy and sports spinal cord injury Liu Fu-shun 2012, 16 (6):  1129-1132.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.039 Abstract ( 235 )   PDF (441KB) ( 288 )   Save BACKGROUND: Until now, it is still difficult to find a good method for the treatment of sports spinal cord injury. With the development of stem cells technology, stem cells for the treatment of spinal cord injury have a strong potential. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of stem cells transplantation, stem cells nutritional factors and genetically modified stem cells on the treatment of spinal cord injury. METHODS: PubMed database, Wanfang database and Weipu database were used to search the research articles relate to stem cells transplantation, stem cells nutritional factors and genetically modified stem cells on the treatment of spinal cord injury from 1987 to 2010 in English and from 1997 to 2010 in Chinese, respectively. The key words were “stem cells, transplantation, neurotrophic factor, sports spinal cord injury, rehabilitation” in English and in Chinese. A total of 37 articles were selected to review after the repetitive and old articles were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Based on stem cells transplantation possess, mobility, self-renewal and multi-differentiation potential and other advantages, the stem cells technology in the rehabilitation of spinal cord injury in sports has become inevitable. However, as a variety of cytokines and genes were involved in the regulation during the repair of spinal cord injury in sports, the basic mechanisms was unclear yet. So the in-depth study of the function of stem cells transplantation, induced differentiation mechanism, gene therapy and nutritional factors were needed to be done.    Related Articles | Metrics

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Function of fetal microchimerism during disease and tissue repair in parous women★ Zhang Guo-hui1, Ji Hong-yu2 2012, 16 (6):  1133-1136.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.040 Abstract ( 264 )   PDF (183KB) ( 344 )   Save BACKGROUND: Fetal microchimerism is a kind of stem cells which comes from fetus in pluripara. The research on fetal microchimerism is a hotspot because it may affect the health condition of pluripara. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the methods of how to detect fetal microchimerism, and the function of fetal microchimerism during disease and tissue repair of the mother. METHODS: “Fetal microchimerism” was used as a key word, and papers published before 2011-05-20 were retrieved in PubMed. Repetitive papers were eliminated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 655 papers were retrieved, and finally 26 were reviewed. There are several methods used for fetal microchimerism detecting, and fetal microchimerism may pay an important role in the pathomechanism of pluripara autoimmune diseases, cancer and tissue repair. Related Articles | Metrics

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Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells transplantation for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy of lower limb     Zhang Hui-feng, Zhao Zhi-gang, Yuan Hui-juan, Hu Zi-ying, Ma Yue-hua 2012, 16 (6):  1137-1140.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.041 Abstract ( 260 )   PDF (266KB) ( 287 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells transplantation can treat the diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) of lower limb. It can improve the clinical symptom by promoting the angiogenesis and increasing vascular endothelial growth factor and neurotrophic factor. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells transplantation for the treatment of DPN of lower limb. METHODS: 60 lower limbs of 30 patients with DPN were divided into two groups by treatment method, 30 lower limbs received autologous stem cells transplantation (treatment group), 30 lower limbs did not receive autologous stem cells transplantation as control group (control group). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 4 weeks after transplantations, the total efficiency rate in treatment group was higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the TSS in two groups was significantly decreased, and the TSS in treatment group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01). The sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV) and motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) of tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve in treatment group were faster than that in the control group (P < 0.01), no related complication or adverse effects were observed in all patients. Autologous bone marrow stem cells transplantation has a good clinical efficacy on the treatment of lower limb DPN. Related Articles | Metrics