Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation is the main method to cure malignant hematological diseases. As there are many single child families in China, it is important to explore the therapeutic efficiency of unrelated allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation and prevent the complications after surgery.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic efficiency and associated complications of unrelated allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation for treatment of malignant hematological diseases in 15 cases.  
METHODS: Fifteen patients with malignant hematological diseases received. All cases were subjected to busulfan combined with cyclophosphamide regimen. The graft-versus-host disease was prevented by cyclosporin A, short-term methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil regimen in 4 cases, and the other 11 cases received antithymocyte globulin additionally. Patients were infused by the nucleated cells with median of 6.3×108/kg and the CD34+ cells with median of 3.1×106/kg.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Fourteen cases had been identified to achieve engraftment, and 1 case died at early stage. Five cases developed grade Ⅰ acute graft-versus-host disease, and three cases developed grade Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ acute graft-versus-host disease respectively. Eight patients experienced local chronic graft-versus-host disease. Five cases suffered fungal infection in lung, three had cytomegalovirus infection and six developed hemorrhagic cystitis. 10 cases have lived for 5 months to 11 years after transplantation. Unrelated allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation is safe and can be tolerant well for patients. Reducing the high transplantation-related mortality is the first problem needs to be overcome.