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19 February 2012, Volume 16 Issue 8 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Three-dimensional porous poly(L-lactic acid)/chitosan nanofiber scaffolds combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in repairing of bone defects Wang Huan1, 2, Lin Hong-sheng1, 2, Zha Zhen-gang1, 2, Tan Wen-cheng3△, Zheng Li-heng4△, Yao Ping5, Zhang Jia-qing6, 2012, 16 (8):  1331-1335.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.001 Abstract ( 258 )   PDF (466KB) ( 419 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have the ability to differentiate to a variety of mesenchymal cell lineages, and the properties of scaffold material have a great impact on bone defects. OBJECTIVE: To observe the possibility of repairing bone defects by three-dimensional porous poly(L-lactic acid)/chitosan nanofiber (PLLA/CSNF) scaffolds combined with BMSCs. METHODS: The rabbit bone defect models were implanted with posterior superior iliac spine autogenous cancellous bone (cancellous bone group), PLLA/CSNF porous scaffold and the PLLA/CSNF porous scaffold combined with BMSCs (BMSCs+PLLA/CSNF group). The model group was without implantation.    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone tissue was formed in the defected position in the BMSCs+PLLA/CSNF group after implanted for 12 weeks, the scaffolds were degraded and the repair of the defect was completed, the effect of repairing defects was similar to that in the cancellous bone group; in the cancellous bone group, the defects were healing well and the newly formed bone tissue were arranged in order; some new bone tissue were formed and the scaffolds were degraded partly in PLLA/CSNF group while the defect was mainly filled with fibrous connective tissue in model group and there was no new bone tissue formation. The three-dimensional porous PLLA/CSNF scaffolds co-cultured with BMSCs implanted into the defects of the femoral condyle could increase the speed of repairing and possesses a superior osteoinductivity in vivo. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of bioactive glass on gene expression of typeⅠcollagen and osteocalcin in osteoblasts Yang Yu-sheng 2012, 16 (8):  1336-1340.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.002 Abstract ( 312 )   PDF (438KB) ( 393 )   Save BACKGROUND: Is it positively or negatively correlated with osteoblastic cytokine secretion by adding bioactive glass ion to osteoblast culture fluid? OBJECTIVE: To observe the gene expression of type Ⅰ collagen and bone gla-protein (BGP) of osteoblasts after addition with bioactive glass in order to further investigate the possible mechanisms of bioactive glass promoting osteoblast proliferation. METHODS: The full Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM) was prepared as the control group culture fluid, and the full DMEM culture with ionic products of bioactive glass dissolution was prepared to be the experimental group culture fluid. The second filial generation osteoblastes isolated from mouse cranial bone were cultured by two kinds of culture fluid respectively for  4 days and then, an experimental observation was done. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The ratio of experimental group to control group in the gene expression quantity of the two mice osteoblast cell factors was as follows: type Ⅰ collagen=3.376 and BGP=2.687. There was significant difference in the relative amount to the inner reference gene between experimental group and control group (P < 0.05). Bioactive glass promotes the gene expression of type Ⅰ collagen and BGP in osteoblasts, which is beneficial to matrix formation and mineralization around the osteoblasts during bone repairing process, and thus promotes the bone healing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Chitosan inhibits traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy in rabbits Feng Yi1, Wang Wan-hui2 2012, 16 (8):  1341-1344.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.003 Abstract ( 262 )   PDF (269KB) ( 320 )   Save BACKGROUND: The research has found that chitosan can inhibit the scar formation in glaucoma surgery. However, there is not yet a clear report whether chitosan can prevent and slow the formation of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of chitosan on traumatic PVR in rabbits and its mechanism. METHODS: Rabbit traumatic PVR model was made by intravitreal injection of platelet-rich plasma. Subsequently, the rabbit vitreous body received an intravitreal injection of 0.1 mL normal saline, 5%, 10% and 15% chitosan. The preventive and therapeutic effect of chitosan on traumatic PVR was examined at different time points.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the control group, the retina was detached after 10 days; the PVR had progressed to high stage over time. In chitosan group, the PVR also developed; however, the severity of PVR in chitosan group was lower than that in control group. The clinical grading of traumatic PVR in 10% and 15% chitosan group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 5 days after injection (P < 0.05). Histological examination showed that there was no obvious morphological change of the retina in chitosan group. Intravitreal injection of chitosan is a safe and effective mean to reduce the development of traumatic PVR. Related Articles | Metrics

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R318Combination application of human amniotic mesenchymal cells and poly (L-lactic acid)/ hydroxyapatite membranes for construction of cells/scaffold complexes in bone tissue engineering  Zhong Jin-sheng1, Mei Fang2, Qi Wei-hong3, Yang Xiao-ping4 2012, 16 (8):  1345-1348.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.004 Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (417KB) ( 354 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous study has shown that electrospun poly (L-lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite (PLLA/HA) membranes are suitable for cellular adhesion and proliferation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of the human amniotic mesenchymal cells (hAMCs) and PLLA/HA membranes constructing the complex of seed cells/scaffold in bone tissue engineering. METHODS: Effect of leaching liquor from the PLLA and PLLA/HA membranes on the proliferation of hAMCs was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay method. The third passage of hAMCs were cultured in the osteogenic induce media containing PLLA and PLLA/HA membranes, and then were detected by histological and immunofluorescence cytochemical staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The leaching liquor of the PLLA and PLLA/HA had no cytotoxicity on the hAMCs. After seeded onto two kinds of the membranes, hAMCs proliferated actively and calcified nodules were observed. Cells in calcified nodules were shown positive expression of collagen type Ⅰ and alkaline phosphatase, and the number and maturity of the calcified nodules in the PLLA/HA group were better than those of the PLLA group. It is showed that the hAMCs and PLLA/HA can construct cells/scaffold complex and show a great potential of application in bone tissue engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Initial preparation and physico-chemical properties of long-circulating superparamagnetic iron oxide liposome nanoparticles Yang Rui-meng1, Xu Yi-kai2 2012, 16 (8):  1349-1353.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.005 Abstract ( 394 )   PDF (396KB) ( 586 )   Save BACKGROUND: Common superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) have limitations to apply to the reticuloendothelial system (RES) rather than non-RES. OBJECTIVE: To study the preparation and physico-chemical property of long-circulating SPIO liposome nanoparticles as novel MR contrast agent. METHODS: The long-circulating SPIO liposome nanoparticles were prepared by three steps: ①preparation of long-circulating blank liposomes by film dispersion method, using DSPG and DSPE-PEG2000 with a molar ratio of 20∶1; ②synthesis of lauric acid-stabilized SPIO nanoparticles; ③the two products above were dialyzed for 3 days. Then, physico-chemical property of long-circulating SPIO liposome nanooparticles was measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ①Lauric acid-stabilized SPIO nanoparticles, long-circulating blank liposomes and long-circulating SPIO liposomes appeared as circular particles with uniform size approximately 12 nm, 20 nm, 60 nm, respectively in the electron microscope. ②XRD analysis of SPIO nanoparticles: lauric acid-stabilized SPIO nanoparticles and long-circulating SPIO liposomes nanoparticles were face-centered cubic spinel structure of Fe3O4, and the crystalline particles were in good form. ③With the Malvern-3000HS, the measurements of long-circulating SPO liposomes were: di = 78.7 nm, peak area: 100%, peak number 1, dv = 76.7 nm, peak area: 100%, peak number 1, dn = 73.5 nm, peak area: 100%, peak number 1, polydispersity coefficient: 0.212. ④Standard curve of iron: A=0.194 7C+0.000 8, R2=0.998 2. The Fe concentration of long-circulating SPIO liposome was 6.721 3 g/L. ⑤As the iron concentration increases, T2 values of long-circulating SPIO liposome gradually decreased. Long-circulating SPIO liposomes were prepared with suitable sizes and distribution, and could be made into contrast agent for subcutaneous or intravenous injection. Related Articles | Metrics

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Transfection of early growth response gene-1 DNA enzyme mediated by nanoparticles inhibits vein graft intimal hyperplasia Liu Cheng-wei1, Zhang Xue-song1, Wang Shi1, Wang Shu-qing1, Tian Hao1, Cheng Ming-xun1, Hu Xin-hua2, Xin Shi-jie2, 2012, 16 (8):  1354-1358.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.006 Abstract ( 332 )   PDF (348KB) ( 454 )   Save BACKGROUND: The method of gene has been admitted to prevent stenosis and occlusion of grafted vascular. But it is a hot spot of how to increase gene transfection efficiency. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of partial transfection of exogenous early growth response gene-1 DNA enzyme (Egr-1 DNA enzyme, EDRz) mediated by nanoparticles (NP) on the intimal hyperplasia (IH) in grafted vein. METHODS: The EDRz was constructed. Nanoparticle EDRz complex was prepared with polylactic/poly glycolic acid (PLGA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Autogenously vein graft model was established, and the 210 rats were divided into three groups randomly: (1) EDRz group, EDRz mediated by NP was transfected into the veins before anastomosis. (2) Empty vector group, the vein was transfected by empty vector mediated by NP. (3) Control group, no transfection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In EDRz group, the expression of mRNA and protein of Egr-1 gene in intimal was significant decreased than that in other two groups (P < 0.05) and at the 7th, 14th and 28th days, the thickness of intimal hyperplasia was decreased than that in other two groups (P < 0.01), the apoptotic percentage of vascular smooth muscle cells in EDRz group was significant increased than that in other two groups (P < 0.05). EDRz expression can prevent intimal hyperplasia and promote apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells after autogenous vein grafting. Related Articles | Metrics

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Rapid detection of Schistosoma Japonicum by using polydiacetylene nanoparticles Zhou Wei-hua1, 2, Guo Xun-zhi1, 2, Zhang Yang-de1, He Jian-tai1 2012, 16 (8):  1359-1362.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.007 Abstract ( 323 )   PDF (302KB) ( 559 )   Save BACKGROUND: PCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence-ball method and gene chip technology for rapid detection of Schistosoma Japonicum will need hours, volume requirements of Schistosoma Japonicum, specialists and certain equipments to get results, and are not suitable for on-site rapid test. OBJECTIVE: To prepare polydiacetylene nanoparticles for detection of Schistosoma Japonicum. METHODS: Polydiacetylene nanoparticles (PDA) were prepared using sonication. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The prepared nanoparticles had uniform particle size, narrow distribution and stable structure. Dilution of rabbit serum after schistosome infection was dropped into PDA nanoparticle dilution, and the solution color turned from blue to red. Twenty seconds later, 70%-80% of the solution changed from blue to red. The whole solution changed in 2 minutes. The graphs of absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nanosizer displayed big changes with Schistosoma Japonicum and antibody PDA nanoparticle. It is indicated that colorimetric detection of Schistosoma Japonicum using PDA nanoparticles is simple and rapid. Related Articles | Metrics

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Endocytosis and exocytosis of gold nanochain attaching Hep-2 cells of human laryngeal carcinoma*☆ Cong Lin-hai1, He Xiao-guang1, Yang Yi-bing1, Zhang Shi-wen2, Peng Shu-kun1 2012, 16 (8):  1363-1366.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.008 Abstract ( 405 )   PDF (376KB) ( 387 )   Save BACKGROUND: The gold nanoparticles have a killing effect on tumor cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of gold nanochain on Hep-2 cells proliferation of human laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS: The gold nanochain was prepared by a glucose synthesis method and added into the culture cells with different concentrations (10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 95%) to test the influence on proliferation of in vitro cultured Hep-2 cells. The endocytosis and exocytosis of transmembrane when gold nanochain attached to Hep-2 cells were observed by electron microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The gold chain at high concentrations (75%, 95%) exhibited inhibitory effects on the proliferation of Hep-2 cells, but the influence was not increased with increasing concentration, belonging to a range of non-toxic. Gold nanchain can enter into Hep-2 cells after 8 hours of co-culture and leave cells after 48 hours, indicating gold nanoparticles chain can enter and leave Hep-2 freely. Related Articles | Metrics

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Component analysis of a natural acellular sciatic nerve scaffold  Cao Rong-long, Li Chang-yu, Zhang Xiang-tong 2012, 16 (8):  1367-1370.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.009 Abstract ( 326 )   PDF (406KB) ( 381 )   Save BACKGROUND: Currently, there are so many acellular methods used in the peripheral nerve, and two common methods are chemical extraction and frozen-thawing method. However, chemical extraction has the disadvantage of time-consuming and frozen-thawing method cannot achieve complete cell-free. Freeze-thaw+chemical extraction+mechanical vibration were chosen as optimization method for acellular processing of sciatic nerve in this study based on a large amount of literatures and repeated practice. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the morphology and composition of the natural acellular sciatic nerve scaffold prepared by optimization method. METHODS: Bilateral sciatic nerves from Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. The control group did not receive special treatment. The experimental group was treated with freeze-thaw+chemical extraction+mechanical vibration to prepare acellular scaffold. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Schwann cells, myelin sheaths and axons were removed completely from the optimized acellular sciatic nerve scaffold. And the scaffold showed a three-dimensional tubular structure. Extracellular matrixes of type Ⅰ collagen, type Ⅲ collagen and laminin were retained. Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro composite of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and xenogenous acellular ear cartilage framework*★ Wu Jun-cheng, Lü Ren-rong, Huo Ran 2012, 16 (8):  1371-1376.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.010 Abstract ( 351 )   PDF (436KB) ( 318 )   Save BACKGROUND: Ear cartilage, an optional framework for acellular matrix, loses its antigenicity to chondrocytes after acellular treatment; therefore it has a good compatibility with seed cells. OBJECTIVE: To extract and culture rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; to composite the stem cells with xenogenous acellular ear cartilage framework; and to explore the biocompatibility between them both. METHODS: Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated, cultured in vitro and induced into cartilage cells. The acellular cartilage framework was obtained by trypsin-Triton combined method; then the two were composited in vitro. The composited framework was fixed for histological staining and scanning electron microscopic observation on 10 day after composite. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were induced into cartilage cells on 14 day after  in vitro induction. Type Ⅱ collagen immunohistochemistry showed the cytoplasm was brownish yellow; rabbit ear acellular cartilage matrix was ivory white. Histological staining and scanning electron microscopy indicated that the pores were evenly distributed on the framework after acellular treatment; the framework has complete structure with massive acid mucopolysaccharide and collagen components. The pore size was (33.70±4.33) μm; the porosity was (65.23±7.35)%. Histological staining and scanning electron microscopy of the composite framework showed good adhesion between the two, accompanied by large amounts of matrix secretion. These findings indicate that the chondrocytes induced from rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have a good biocompatibility with allogenic acellular ear cartilage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Property research of electrospun polyester/poly(L-lactic acid) small diameter vascular graft   Du Xue-zi1, Li Yu-ling1, Chen Zhi-long2, Yan Yi-jia2 2012, 16 (8):  1377-1381.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.011 Abstract ( 393 )   PDF (645KB) ( 356 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) is always used as the biological material of vascular graft. However, decomposition rate of PLLA in the body cannot match with cells growing rate of the diseased small blood vessel, and absolute mechanical strength of PLLA is not quite high, which cannot meet the requirements of the diseased blood vessel. OBJECTIVE: To explore the biomechanical performance and biocompatibility of electrospun polyester/PLLA small diameter vascular grafts at different matching ratio. METHODS: Small diameter vascular grafts were produced with polyester and PLLA in the mass ratio of 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 0:10, using double injection pumps in the opposite directions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the nanoscale conditions, polyester and PLLA with mixed structure made by the injection pumps in the opposite directions could produce chemical reaction, maintaining their characteristics. Compared with pure PLLA, the mixed structure had greatly improved the mechanical performance with the high porosity and low water permeability that was good for the growth of cells, and could not lead to a liquid penetration. In the mixed conditions, the biocompatibility of the scaffold could be improved by adjusting the process parameters to refine fibers. The vascular graft (mass ratio 5:5) had full advantage of material properties. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of ultraviolet induced photocatalysis to titanium on the activities of degradation and mineralization in vitro  Gao Yan, Zhou Lei, Jiang Ying, Guo Ze-hong, Lu Hai-bin, Li Shao-bing 2012, 16 (8):  1382-1386.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.012 Abstract ( 399 )   PDF (579KB) ( 445 )   Save BACKGROUND: The ultraviolet (UV) as one new titanium surface treatment has become the research spot in recent years for the surface hydrophilicity of titanium can be enhanced significantly after UV treatment. OBJECTIVE: To explore the degradation and mineralized abilities induced by photocatalysis on titanium surface after UV treatment. METHODS: Machined and micro-arc oxidation titanium samples were treated with UV. The photocatalysis stimulated by UV was detected by the degradation of methylene blue. The generation of apatite of the samples was evaluated by immersing in the simulated body fluid in vitro. Absorbance values of methylene blue at 12 hours were measured by microplate reader. The morphology of the sample surfaces after apatite deposition was observed under scanning electron microscopy at 2 weeks and the crystalline phase of sample surfaces was detected by X-ray diffraction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The photocatalytic degradation ability on the micro-arc oxidation titanium surfaces was stronger than the machined surfaces after UV treatment (P < 0.05). The mineralized ability of the micro-arc oxidation titanium surfaces were significantly enhanced after UV treatment. The results indicated that UV as one new titanium surface treatment has a good prospect which can enhance the bioactivity of titanium. Related Articles | Metrics

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Three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography observation of vascularization of large-segment bioactive ceramic scaffolds implanted into skeletal muscle within 3 years Ren Xiang, Huang Peng, Yao Yi-min, Feng Huai-zhi, Zhang Wen-hua, Weng Jie, Li Shuo, Zhang Cong 2012, 16 (8):  1387-1390.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.013 Abstract ( 364 )   PDF (492KB) ( 498 )   Save BACKGROUND: The core of the artificial bone material activating, biological bonding with autologous bone and completion of autologous bone creeping substitution in vivo is vascularization. The occurrence of vascularization is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the vascularization of the large segment of bioactive ceramic scaffold implanted into the skeletal muscle for 3 years. METHODS: Ten male dogs were selected for implanting porous hydroxyapatite-polylactic acid scaffold (diameter of 1.5 cm, length of 4-4.5 cm) in skeletal muscles. Thirty-six months later, three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (3D-DSA) was performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All the dogs underwent operation and 3D-DSA successful and the results were similar. 3D-DSA showed: nutrient arteries derived from the femoral artery and deep femoral artery and pointed to the hydroxyapatite-polylactic acid scaffold, the branches inserted into the hydroxyapatite-polylactic acid scaffold. 3D-DSA is an effective means of observation of vascularization of artificial bone in vivo. The integral arterial and venous blood circulatory system can be established in hydroxyapatite-polylactic acid scaffold implanted in skeletal muscle for 3 years. Related Articles | Metrics

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Security and biocompatibility of injectable absorbable poly amino acid/calcium sulfate composites in vivo   Zou Chang1, Zhang Shuai1, Duan Hong1, Min Li1, Zhou Yong1, Tu Chong-qi1, Yan Yong-gang2, Pei Fu-xing1 2012, 16 (8):  1391-1395.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.014 Abstract ( 303 )   PDF (418KB) ( 374 )   Save BACKGROUND: Injectable bone repair materials such as polymethylmethacrylateand calcium phosphate cement cannot be completely degraded or absorbed in clinical application, and both of them have poor osteogenic ability. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the security and biocompatibility of injectable absorbable poly amino acid/calcium sulfate through animal experiments. METHODS: The composite materials were implanted into the musculus sacrospinalis of New Zealand rabbits, and the diffusion solution was injected into Kunming mice and the back skin of New Zealand rabbits, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The general condition of mice were good after the injection of the diffusion solution, and the body weight was increasing, without significant edema, adhesions, necrosis of intra-abdominal organs. The skin stimulation reactions such as erythema and edema were not observed after the injection of the diffusion solution into the rabbits. The inflammatory reaction around the implants was obvious after intramuscular implantation into the rabbits in the early stage, and then weakened gradually. The capsule-like structure was also absorbed gradually, and no significant rejection was observed. The activity of cytochrome oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase of muscles cells around the implants had no significant decrease after implantation. All of the above prompted that the new poly amino acid/calcium sulfate composites have good biocompatibility and excellence safety in vivo. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of poly-L-lactic acid/chitosan electrospun nanofiber scaffold and rabbit endothelial progenitor cells Wang Wei, Li Kun 2012, 16 (8):  1396-1400.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.015 Abstract ( 250 )   PDF (424KB) ( 505 )   Save BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional nanofiber scaffold, similar to extracellular matrix, can be synthesized from many polymer materials by electrospinning technique. Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA)/chitosan (CS) nanofiber composite scaffold can overcome the deficiency of each other to improve the biocompatibility of tissue engineering scaffold. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate biocompatibility of PLLA/CS electrospun nanofiber scaffold and rabbit endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). METHODS: Nanofibrou scaffold of PLLA, CS and PLLA/CS were synthesized by electrospinning technology and morphology structure was analysed by scanning electron microscope. After EPCs co-cultured with the nanofibers scaffold, adhere rates, NO production, morphological difference were investigated. Furthermore, phenotype of cell seeded on PLLA/CS was observed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: PLLA/CS nanofibrous scaffolds have better diameter of nanometer fiber than the PLLA and CS. Three-dimensional porous nanofibrous structure similar to extracellular matrix was founded in PLLA/CS nanofibrous scaffolds. Adherence rate and NO production of EPCs were improved by PLLA/CS nanofibrous scaffolds (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 ). EPCs could fuse with maintaining normal shapes and differentiation function in composite materials films of PLLA/CS. Cells in PLLA/CS expressed vWF and then exhibited endothelial characteristic. An excellent biocompatibility in PLLA/CS electrospun nanofiber scaffold and rabbit endothelial progenitor cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation, characterization and biocompatibility of high-conductivity compound scaffolds containing biological activity Zhou Yan1, Cheng Gang-ge1, Yu Xin-guang2, Zhang Qing-wu3, Huang Yong-an1, Dong Lian-qiang1, Zhang Bao-guo1, Zhang Hui1, Shu Cheng1 2012, 16 (8):  1401-1406.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.016 Abstract ( 240 )   PDF (488KB) ( 412 )   Save BACKGROUND: New materials of tissue engineering can not only support the growth of tissues but also stimulate ideal cell response such as angiogenesis. Its conductivity can promote tissue regeneration included nerve. OBJECTIVE: To prepare a new type of material that combines conductivity and biological activity as an ideal type of alternative material for tissue engineering. METHODS: The bioactive polysaccharide hyaluronic acid (HA) was combined with the conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) to prepare conductive polymer composites containing biologically activity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: PPy/HA bilayer films had the characters of smooth and conductivity. Cell compatibility experiments in vitro showed that the composites could promote the extension of axons. The composites had verified to have a good inertia and can promote the vascularization in vivo. PPy/HA composite biomaterials are suitable for tissue engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Local reaction of endometrium after the implantation of Cu-intrauterine device into the urterine horn: Early- and late-stage evaluation Zhang Hua1, 2, Wang Zhao-xu1 2012, 16 (8):  1407-1412.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.017 Abstract ( 406 )   PDF (676KB) ( 393 )   Save BACKGROUND: Many reports have shown that the clinical application of Cu-intrauterine device (Cu-IUDs) can lead to the morphological change of endometrium and adverse reaction. However, no literatures at home or abroad have reported the pathological changes of endometrium after implantation of Cu-IUDs evaluated by in situ animal experiment. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the local reaction after in situ implantation of Cu-IUDs into rat back muscles and urterine horn. METHODS: The Cu-IUDs were implanted into rat back muscles and urterine horn respectively. In the back muscle group, two titanium standard reference substances and two Cu-IUDs samples were implanted in the left and right back muscle respectively; in the urterine horn group, the titanium standard reference substances and Cu-IUDs samples were implanted into different rats. At 1, 4, 12 and 26 weeks postoperatively, the histological changes of different implantation parts were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ①General observation after Cu-IUDs implanted in the back muscles showed that the samples were wrapped by thick capsular space. When the capsules were incision, viscous white liquor puris could be seen, the capsule wall of the reference substances was thinner than that of the samples; the capsule wall of the samples was thicker than that of the reference substances, necrotic neutrophilic granulocyte based pus cells formation and macrophages and lymphocytes could be seen in the capsule wall; the capsule wall of the reference substances was thinner, there were only several layers of fiber cells, no inflammatory cells. ②General observation after the Cu-IUDs implanted in the urterine horn showed that there were no obvious substantive lesions on the implanted part in sample group and control group. Samples and reference substances were intact and no inflammatory reaction. Pathological observation showed that neutrophilic granulocyte based inflammatory response could be seen in the local part in the early stage and macrophages and lymphocytes based chronic inflammation reaction could be seen in the late stage as well as the squamous metaplasia phenomenon of uterine endothelial cells. In the control group, there were no inflammatory response cells in the early stage; the chronic inflammation reaction could be seen in the late stage, but slighter than that in the sample group. After being implanted intramuscularly, the product samples induced massive suppurative inflammation which is relate to the material properties, the method is not suitable for the evaluation of Cu-IUDs. After being implanted in situ within horn of uterus, the product samples induced acute inflammatory reaction in the early stage and chronic inflammatory reaction in the late stage, which was accompanied by squamous metaplasia, in situ implantation is closer to clinical practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility between polylactic acid/chitosan nano-fiber/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds and rabbit chondrocytes Liang Hong-zhi1, Zha Zhen-gang1, Yao Ping2, Wu Hao1, Liu Ning1, Li Jie-ruo1, Huan Song-wei1, Miao Gui-qiang1, Zhao Jian-hao3 2012, 16 (8):  1413-1416.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.018 Abstract ( 335 )   PDF (608KB) ( 468 )   Save BACKGROUND: Traditional scaffold materials have the disadvantages of strong hydrophobic property, lack of bioactive molecules for specific binding of cell surface receptors on their surfaces, easy to lead to aseptic inflammation by their acidic degradation products, and so on. The ideal scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering can be prepared based on bionic principle and real structure and composition of cartilage. OBJECTIVE: To prepare the polylactic acid/chitosan nano-fiber/nano-hydroxyapatite (PLLA/CSNF/nHA) scaffolds, evaluate their biocompatibility rabbit knee chondrocytes, and explore their application in articular cartilage tissue engineering. METHODS: The PLLA/CSNF/nHA scaffolds were prepared by two steps separation technology. Chondrocytes from New Zealand rabbits were seeded on the scaffolds for compound culture. The cell growth was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. Cell-scaffold compounds were cultured in 24-well plates for 5 days, and then the compounds were implanted under the skin of nude mice for 8 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The prepared PLLA/CSNF/nHA scaffolds had an appropriate three-dimensional porous structure. The porosity was 90% and the pore size was 300-450 µm. Chondrocytes in cell-scaffold compounds could secrete proteoglycan and type Ⅱ collagen like natural cartilage tested by immunohistochemical staining and toluidine blue staining. It is indicated that PLLA/CSNF/nHA has a good biocompatibility with rabbit chondrocytes and can be used as a type of bio-engineered stent. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of new silicone intraocular lenses implanted into rabbit eyes Liu Xiao-na, Xu Xu, Li Ling-li, Luo Li, Nan Kai-hui, Chen Hao 2012, 16 (8):  1417-1420.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.019 Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (302KB) ( 439 )   Save BACKGROUND: The soft intraocular lenses materials mainly include silica gel, hydrophobic acrylate, hydrophilic acrylate and hydrogel. The long-term biological characteristics of these materials are unclear because of their own advantages and disadvantages. Currently, the development of new materials is a hotspot research in order to improve the biocompatibility and optical property of intraocular lenses to achieve well visual quality of patients after cataract surgery. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biocompatibility of self-prepared new silicone intraocular lenses (IOLs) implanted into rabbit eyes for 6 months. METHODS: Twenty New Zealand albino rabbits undergoing phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lenses implantation in the left eye were divided into two groups randomly. The experimental group was implanted with T-10 IOLs. The rabbits implanted with EFC550 IOLs were taken as control. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Serious anterior chamber exudation was observed at later stage after operation in both groups and the difference in exudation between the two groups was not significant. The degrees of the posterior capsule opacification of the rabbit eyes in the experimental and control groups had no difference. The degree of the posterior synechia in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group at 90 and 180 days. The uveal biocompatibility of T-10 IOLs is better than that of the EFC550 IOLs. T-10 IOLs have a clinical applicability Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and properties of chitosan/tricalcium phosphate composite scaffolds  Yan Xue-ping1, Li Shan1, Su Wen-xin2, Song Jing1, He Jian-min3 2012, 16 (8):  1421-1424.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.020 Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (540KB) ( 534 )   Save BACKGROUND: Composite scaffolds prepared with appropriate mixing process can make up the insufficient of single material and satisfy the needs of tissue engineering in maximum. OBJECTIVE: To prepare the chitosan/tricalcium phosphate composite scaffold and explore its feasibility of serving as scaffold for pulp tissue engineering. METHODS: Chitosan powder was dissolved in small amount of acetic acid solution. The mixture was stirred to uniform, stilled to deaeration. Then pre-cooling and cross-linking were performed. Sponge-like chitosan/tricalcium phosphate composite scaffold was prepared after anther pre-cooling and cross-linking. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Average porosity of the chitosan/tricalcium phosphate composite scaffold prepared by freeze-drying method was 85.78% and the highest porosity was over 90%. The aperture was 100-300 μm. The composite scaffold had a good toughness, and could not be damaged at over 5 mm of axial compression deformation. The cell toxicity was below grade 0 after cultured in the extracts of the materials. The chitosan/tricalcium phosphate composite scaffold can satisfy the basic needs of biomaterials based on its good biocompatibility, cell affinity, and some mechanical properties. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of artificial bioactive dermis using acellular amniotic membrane loaded with controlled-released basic fibroblast growth factor Wu Ri-dong, Tang Shi, Su Ai-yun, Tang Qing 2012, 16 (8):  1425-1429.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.021 Abstract ( 237 )   PDF (428KB) ( 553 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are many kinds of skin tissue substitutes with their own advantages and disadvantages. However, no one is the perfect to apply in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the possibility of constructing a new kind of artificial bioactive dermis loaded with controlled-released basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). METHODS: Children foreskin fibroblasts were cultured with tissue method. Human acellular amniotic membrane was prepared by the enzyme-detergent method. Two-phase method was performed to prepare the sustained release microspheres of bFGF-gelatin-chitosan. The sustained release microspheres were adhered to the acellular amniotic membrane. The third and forth generations of fibroblasts were cultured on the acellular amniotic membrane loaded with sustained release microspheres. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The prepared acellular amniotic membrane was white and translucent film-like. It had a high porosity, and the pore size was irregular and varies from 10 to 100 nm. The surface of bFGF-gelatin-chitosan microspheres was spherical, in uniform size and smooth. The drug-loading rate and encapsulation efficiency of microspheres were 20 ng/g and 80.5% respectively. The fibroblasts showed a well creeping growth on the scaffolds, and the laminin was more than that of the control group. It is indicated that the fibroblasts can be cultured on the acellular amniotic membrane loaded with sustained release microspheres of bFGF-gelatin-chitosan, and the sustained release microspheres can be well adhered to the acellular amniotic membrane. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and in vitro release test of slow-release 5-fluorouracil Bi Xiu-zeng1, Pan Wei-hua1, Nan Kai-hui1, 2, Yu Xin-ping1, Song Zong-ming1 2012, 16 (8):  1430-1434.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.022 Abstract ( 490 )   PDF (458KB) ( 497 )   Save BACKGROUND: Release microspheres of 5-fluorouracil-poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (5-Fu-PLGA) have a potential value in inhibition of scar formation of filtering bleb after glaucoma filtering surgery. However, the preparation of the microspheres is complicated, the drug loading is low, and the phenomenon of sudden release often exists. OBJECTIVE: To compare the shape characteristics, drug loadings and releasing characteristics in vitro of 5-Fu-PLGA microspheres prepared with the emulsion solvent evaporation method and 5-Fu-PLGA slow-release membranes prepared with the spray technique in order to investigate preparation methods of 5-Fu controlled release formulations with more obvious sustained release activity in vitro. METHODS: The 5-Fu-PLGA microspheres were prepared with the emulsion solvent evaporation method on the carrier of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid; the 5-Fu-PLGA slow-release membranes were prepared with spray technique on the carrier. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The prepared microspheres had the regular morphology. The average particle size was        (4 447.4±359.8) nm, while the encapsulation efficiency and the drug loading were (86.68±1.92)% and (8.668±0.37)% respectively. The obtained membranes were with smooth surface. The diameter, thickness, drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of the membranes were 6.0 mm, (0.24±0.005) mm, (23.76±0.37)% and (95.04±1.36)% respectively. The drug performance of 5-Fu had not been influenced during preparation. The microspheres had the obvious sudden release in vitro. The slow-release membranes had sustained release activity in vitro, and its release curve was accordance with the Higuchi equation. It is indicated that the preparation is simple, the drug loading is high, the phenomenon of sudden release can be decreased, and the release time is longer of the slow-release membranes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of surface treatments and cement types on the shear strength of zirconia  Shao Long-quan1, Hu Chen1, Sun Ting1, Liu Xiao-fang2, Wen Ning3, Deng Bin3 2012, 16 (8):  1435-1438.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.023 Abstract ( 311 )   PDF (409KB) ( 687 )   Save BACKGROUND: Reasonable choice of surface treating method and cement can improve the bond performance effectively when using zirconia restorations in clinic. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of different surface treatments and types of cements on the shear strength of Upcera zirconia. METHODS: Seventy-two zirconia ceramic samples after sanding with 600# water sandpaper were divided into six groups. Three different surface treating methods were used respectively as follows: hand-polishing with 240# water sandpaper, sand blasting and silanization. Before and after the surface treatment, the samples were observed by scanning electron microscope. Two different luting cements (Panavia F and Fuji CEM) were selected. After 24 hours of pressurized bonded fixation, the shear strengths were measured by universal testing machine and analyzed with factorial variance analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The shear strength in the sand blasting group was significantly higher than other groups (P < 0.05). The shear strength of the Panavia F group was higher than that of the Fuji CEM group (P < 0.05).The surface morphology of samples treated with sand blasting was rougher compared with the other two. Findings of this study revealed that sand blasting can effectively enhance the shear strength of zirconia ceramic to both resin cement and glass ionomer cement; on the contrary, sand paper polishing and silanization cannot affect the shear strength. What is more, resin cement performs better in improving the bond performance of zirconia ceramic restorations. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and characterization of mesoporous titania coatings on titanium alloys Feng Zhi-yuan1, Liu Bin1, Ran Hai-qiong1, Li Shan1, Wang Jin-qing2 2012, 16 (8):  1439-1442.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.024 Abstract ( 334 )   PDF (353KB) ( 357 )   Save BACKGROUND: Besides general advantages of mesoporous materials, mesoporous titania coatings have a good biocompatibility and antibiotic property which are suitable to modify the surfaces of titanium (Ti) and its alloy. OBJECTIVE: To compare and analyze the morphology and structure of mesoporous titania coatings and conventional titania coatings in order to provide experimental and theoretical basis for the mesoporous titania coatings applying to the biomedical field. METHODS: The template method and non-template method were adopted to prepare the mesoporous titania coatings and conventional titania coatings on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Then, the surface morphology observation and microstructure analysis were characterized by scanning electron microscope, fast specific surface area/porosity analyzer, and X-ray diffractometer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It is validated that the stable mesoporous titania coatings have been prepared on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy and this film displayed the characteristics of mesoporous structure possessing large specific surface and pore volume. The average pore diameter, specific surface area and pore volume were calculated to be 6.668 0 nm, 124.190 6 m²/g and      0.256 470 cm³/g, respectively. Mesoporous titania coatings are suited to modify the surface of medical Ti and its alloys. Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility of cancellous bone matrix in periodontal tissue engineering Lu Hong1, Tian Yu2, Wu Zhi-fen1 2012, 16 (8):  1443-1446.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.025 Abstract ( 239 )   PDF (320KB) ( 318 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cancellous bone matrix (CBM) has been proved to be valuable in the bone regeneration and bone tissue engineering based on its double characteristics of bone induction and bone conduction. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cytocompatibility and cytotoxicity of CBM in order to evaluate the feasibility of CBM application in periodontal tissue engineering. METHODS: Human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) cultured with modified-tissue block method in vitro were collected and seeded on three-dimensional framework of CBM. The growth and adhesion of PDLCs on the scaffolds were observed by cell counting and scanning electronic microscope. And the influences of the CBM extracts on cell proliferation and differentiation were observed by MTT assay and alkaline phosphatase activity assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cells adhered and proliferated on the three-dimensional framework of CBM, and scanning electronic microscope showed the porous structure of CBM and eugonic growth of cells on the scaffolds. The differences in cell proliferation and differentiation of different concentrations of CBM extracts had no significance compared with the negative control group. It is indicated that CBM has a good three-dimensional structure and cytocompatibility and has no cytotoxicity, and CBM is expected to be used in periodontal tissue regeneration and engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of hybrid coat on the closing of dentinal tubules Ma Yan, Chen Tao, Wu Pei-ling 2012, 16 (8):  1447-1450.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.026 Abstract ( 378 )   PDF (436KB) ( 352 )   Save BACKGROUND: Clinical studies have reported that hybrid coat used for porcelain crown dentin after tooth preparation surface protection treatment can effectively reduce the base tooth sensitivity. OBJECTIVE: To in vitro observe the effect of hybrid coat on the closing of dentin tubules. METHODS: A total of 20 intact extracted premolar teeth were divided into three groups. Black control group without any treatment on dentin surface. Gluma coating agent was used for control group. Hybrid coat was used for experimental group, and then the closing situation of the dentinal tubules was observed under scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the average diameter and density of the dentinal tubules in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control and the blank control groups (P < 0.05), relative area of the dentinal tubules in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the blank control group (P < 0.01). It is indicated that the hybrid coat is superior to gluma coating agent in decreasing density and diameter of dentinal tubules. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of exogenous cyclic dimeric guanosinemonophosphate on the gene expression of streptococcus mutans  Yan Wen-juan, Xu Shu-jun, Xie Miao-miao, Wu Bu-ling 2012, 16 (8):  1451-1454.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.027 Abstract ( 436 )   PDF (321KB) ( 556 )   Save BACKGROUND: The preliminary study has confirmed the existence of cyclic dimeric guanosinemonophosphate (c-di-GMP) signaling pathway in streptococcus mutans. The pathway mediates the streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and in vitro adhesion to enamel surface. OBJECTIVE: To analysis the effects of c-di-GMP on the biological properties of streptococcus mutans by gene chip technology. METHODS: Exogenous c-di-GMP was used to interfere streptococcus mutans UA159. The total RNA was extracted, the total RNA of standard strain was as control, and then hybridized with streptococcus mutans whole-genome chips. The different genes were filtered. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Expressions of 9 genes (glgA, glgB, msmF, gftA, lacG, lepB, rgpAc, bacC, apt6) were up-regulated while six genes (Hrc, ProC, HprT, Pdp, Glk, cdsA) expressions were down-regulated after exogenous c-di-GMP interfering. Differences genes were mainly related to the biological characteristics, such as cell tropism, biofilm formation, signal transduction, and energy metabolism. It showed that the c-di-GMP could affect the cariogenic ability of streptococcus mutans. Related Articles | Metrics

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Controlled-release icariin loaded-hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffold for repair of bone defects Zheng Jun, Xu Xiao-yan, Tang Wei-zhong, Zhou En-yuan, Nian Hua 2012, 16 (8):  1455-1458.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.028 Abstract ( 336 )   PDF (470KB) ( 498 )   Save   BACKGROUND: Much more studies are in need to understand how to apply the effective bio-active compounds of Traditional Chinese Medicine to orthopaedics clinical practices through the controlled release biological brackets. OBJECTIVE: To objectively evaluate the feasibility of applying the effective bio-active compounds of Traditional Chinese Medicine composite with icariin-release brackets to bone repair by literature search and comprehensive analysis. METHODS: A computer-based online search of related articles published from January 1995 to December 2010 was performed in CNKI database and PubMed database using the key words of “bone defect, icariin, release bracket, chitosan, hydroxyapatite” in Chinese and in English, respectively. Articles related to research purposes were involved to summarize. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 24 literatures were involved. Studies have shown that icariin medicine can promote the formation of osteoblasts and inhibit bone resorption. The nano hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite scaffolds have the good physical and chemical properties and biocompatibility, and can be used to build tissue engineered bone. Therefore, it is feasible to control the release rate and release pattern of icariin in order to achieve sustained and stable drug delivery based on the further improved synthesis of nano-crystals. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of microcarrier culture techniques in bone and cartilage tissue engineering Ning Bin1, Tian Zhou-bin2, Jia Tang-hong1 2012, 16 (8):  1459-1462.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.029 Abstract ( 226 )   PDF (383KB) ( 379 )   Save   BACKGROUND: Proliferation and specific phenotype maintaining of seed cells are the difficulties in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. The microcarrier bioreactor culture system provides a good method to solve this problem. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the domestic and international development of microcarrier culture of bone and cartilage cells, and to provide the theoretical basis for microcarrier culture of bone and cartilage cells and researches in tissue engineering. METHODS: A computer-based online search of articles published from 1967 to 2011was performed at November 2010 in PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov/PubMed) and Wanfang database (http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn) using the key words of “microcarrier, cartilage, tissue engineering” in English and in Chinese, respectively. Articles irrelative to this paper, antiquated or repeated literatures were excluded. Totally 32 articles were chosen for further analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Culture conditions of bone and cartilage cells in microcarrier bioreactor culture system can be well regulated to achieve a large number of proliferation and phenotype maintaining of the cells, or even achieve an enhancement of phenotype. This technology has a good potential application in bone and cartilage tissue engineering and clinical work. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and application of liposomes in gene therapy  Jiang Xian-fang, Zhou Nuo 2012, 16 (8):  1463-1466.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.030 Abstract ( 358 )   PDF (429KB) ( 475 )   Save BACKGROUND: Liposome is a safe and frequently-used genonic vector. But the composition and structure of liposome limit its application and development. Transfection efficiency and treatment effect of the liposome become the most important reference factors in the research of gene therapy. OBJECTIVE: To review the application and research progress of liposome in gene therapy. METHODS: CNKI database, CALIS database and KANGJIAN database were searched for articles from 1995 to 2011 with the key words of “liposome, gene, transfection” in Chinese and English. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Liposome as the genonic vector has many advantages in higher security, lower immunogenicity, less toxicity and easy preparation as compared with viral vector. Therefore, it has been successfully applied in many animal experiments in vivo and in vitro. The application of liposome is restricted by lower transfection efficiency and target activity. So the hot spot of study in gene therapy involves in liposome is to improve the transfection efficiency. The better therapeutic effect is obtained by reaching the treatment concentration in target cells or organ. Related Articles | Metrics

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Screws applied in foot and ankle surgery based on Science Citation Index  Xu Hai-lin, Xu Lei, Wang Tian-bing, Fu Zhong-guo, Zhang Dian-ying 2012, 16 (8):  1467-1474.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.031 Abstract ( 390 )   PDF (449KB) ( 355 )   Save BACKGROUND: Screws are common but necessary in orthopedics, and the application of screws in foot and ankle surgery has become a community consensus. OBJECTIVE: To multivariately analyze the literature on the application of screws in foot and ankle surgery through Science Citation Index Database (SCI) and its analysis tool. DESIGN: Bibliometric analysis. DATA RETRIEVAL: The retrieval was performed by the first author for the literature regarding the application of screws in foot and ankle surgery during 1992-01 to 2011-12 in SCI using the key words of “ankle, talus, calcaneal, metatarsal, fracture, bioabsorbable screw, stainless screw, titanium screw”. The retrieval results were analyzed, and the trends were described in words and graphics. SELECTIVE CRITERIA: Articles on the application of screws in foot and ankle surgery include the following types: (1)Peer-reviewed original paper; (2)Reviews; (3)Meeting notes and abstracts; (4)Letters; (5)Editorial materials. Exclusive criteria: (1)Unrelated articles; (2)Articles published before 1992; (3)Articles which were not published in journals. (4)Articles retrieved by phone or manually. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The retrieved articles were analyzed by types of literature, publication year, discipline distribution, institutional information and authors, journal distribution and citation frequency. RESULTS: (1)A total of 802 articles on the application of screws in foot and ankle surgery were retrieved in SCI database, in which most of papers were published as original articles. Ten articles were identified as classic literature. The overall number of literature had an upward trend from 1992 to 2011. Foot Ankle International published most papers in this field, with 121 articles, followed by Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, with 85 papers. CONCLUSION: This paper provides a valuable reference for researchers to understand the overview and present situation of this field in order to set further research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Hip injuries and artificial material repair Li Zhen 2012, 16 (8):  1475-1478.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.032 Abstract ( 438 )   PDF (405KB) ( 595 )   Save BACKGROUND: Artificial biomaterials are gradually mature and diversified in bone injury rehabilitation process, providing the conditions and research direction for treatment of severe hip injuries in the human body. OBJECTIVE: To classify and review the measures about artificial biomaterial intervention for hip injuries and post-transplantation inflammatory factors. METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed, VIP and Wanfang databases (1990-01/2011-10) were performed for articles about hip injuries and biomaterial repair using the keywords of “hip, transplantation, biological materials, treatment” in English and Chinese. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, prosthetic replacement is the main technique for treatment of severe hip injuries and it is going to maturation that is developed from femoral head replacement to total hip replacement, hemi-hip replacement, surface hip replacement and even stemless hip replacement. However, implant material characteristics and postoperative complications are the important factors to constraint the surgical results. Therefore, studies addressing how to improve biocompatibility, increase service life, lessen surgical trauma and decrease postoperative complications in hip replacement are the hotspots of the materials and replacement techniques in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study and clinical evaluation of different dressings in wound repair Shou Jia-bao, Chen Bin, Lu Shen, Wang Tong-hua, Yang Xiao-hui 2012, 16 (8):  1479-1482.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.033 Abstract ( 308 )   PDF (407KB) ( 665 )   Save BACKGROUND: In recent years, wound dressings made of different materials in various forms develop rapidly; composite application form, gel form and drug-membrane form are the current hot spots of research and application. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the experimental study and clinical application of different wound dressings. METHODS: A computer-based online search of VIP database was performed for relevant articles published between January 2002 and October 2011, with the key words of “dressing”, “wound”, “experiment” and “application”. Randomized controlled studies relevant to dressings and wounds were included; repetitive studies and Meta analysis were excluded. The analysis was based on 22 documents. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nano-silver, povidone iodine, chitosan and Kangfuxin are main materials used for wound repair in experimental animals; the anti-infection effect and wound healing promotion are the maximum when the materials are composited with hollow activated carbon fibers and gelatin sponge respectively or made into in situ gel form or drug-membrane form. Chitosan, nano-silver, silver ion, pig collagen fibers, bio-optical elements, Algisite M Calcium Alginate, Allevyn and other materials in composite form or hydrogel form are used for wound repair in clinic; these forms will help their performance, and better promote the wound healing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Artificial materials for repair of sports injuries: Biological properties of these materials  Wang Xin 2012, 16 (8):  1483-1486.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.034 Abstract ( 403 )   PDF (416KB) ( 331 )   Save BACKGROUND: Traditional reduction and external fixation techniques have a better therapeutic effect on bone crack and regulated fractures, while they are not satisfactory in the treatment of complex fractures. The current biomaterials for bone injuries become gradually mature and diversified. OBJECTIVE: To review the material measures for treatment of bone injuries, and to classify and analyze the properties of relevant materials, especially their biocompatibility to human immune responses. METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed, VIP and Wanfang databases (1990/2011) was performed for artificial materials for treatment of traumatic fractures using the keywords of “bone, biological materials, biological properties” in English and Chinese. Relevant articles published recently or in authorized journals were preferred. Among 194 retrieved articles, only 24 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Violent movement is the main factor for traumatic fractures. Bone repair and bone graft materials have been developed through a long process, and the use of materials science becomes gradually mature. Based on the selection, development and clinical application of internal fixation materials, metal implants and bone tissue engineering materials, good biocompatibility of artificial biomaterials is an essential basis for bone repair, but it is also a difficulty and challenge in the use of a variety of materials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Selection and biocompatibility of different hemostatic packing materials in nasal endoscopic surgery   Li Wen-jun, Peng Ben-gang, Wang Xin, Miao Xu-tao 2012, 16 (8):  1487-1490.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.035 Abstract ( 384 )   PDF (399KB) ( 496 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nasal packing is the major management to treat epistaxis and to prevent the hemorrhage, adhesion or restenosis in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses after surgery. The applied nasal packing materials at home and abroad are various; there is no accepted standard concerning which material is more suitable for the nasal packing or how long the indwelling packing material should be retained in the nasal cavity. OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively analysis the present situation and research progression of the applications of different hemostatic materials after nasal endoscopic surgery; to reveal the characteristics and application prospects of each material. METHODS: A computer-based online search of CNKI and PubMed databases (1998-01/2008-12) was performed for the articles related to medical bio-bressing with the key words of “nasal cavity”, “hemostatic dressing”, “gelatin sponge”, “gauze” and “calcium alginate dressing” in the titles and abstracts. Articles related to wound healing were selected; as to the identical field, articles published recently or in the authoritative magazines were selected. A total of 124 articles were collected in the initial search, 82 of them were in Chinese while 42 of them were in English. A total of 22 articles were retained according to the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Different packing materials have their own advantages and limitations. The packing materials for mixed packing and key packing after surgery should be selected based on the operative method, range, size and hemorrhagic property of different nasal cavity surgeries as well as the patient's specific situation and the biological characteristics of different hemostatic materials. The difficult problems that need to solve urgently in the hemostasis and material filing of the minimally invasive nasal cavity surgeries are how to fixe quickly and stop bleeding effectively as well as reduce or prevent the adverse effects to the nasal cavity after hemostasis; and how to accelerate wound healing and ease the pain. Related Articles | Metrics

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Applications of tissue-engineered cartilage and scaffold constructed using different materials Zhang Xin 2012, 16 (8):  1491-1495.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.036 Abstract ( 283 )   PDF (440KB) ( 467 )   Save BACKGROUND: The development of tissue engineering technology provides a new way for cartilage regeneration and repair; according to the structure and characteristics of cartilage, the substitute materials and scaffold materials, as artificial cartilage, should have good biomechanical properties. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application progress of repair materials and scaffold materials for exercise-induced articular cartilage injury; to summarize the biomechanical properties of biological substitute materials; to evaluate the performance and prospects of the current application of tissue-engineered cartilage materials. METHODS: A computer-based online search of VIP Database and PubMed database was performed for the articles related to the application of tissue-engineered cartilage published from January 1990 to August 2011, with the key words of “tissue engineering”, “cartilage tissue”, “scaffold material” and “biological compatibility”. Articles related to the biomaterials and tissue-engineered cartilages were included; repetitive studies and Meta analysis were excluded. The types, performance, application effects and prospects of tissue-engineered cartilage materials were mainly discussed based on 24 documents. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the current field of cartilage repair, autologous cartilage transplantation has the best repairing effects; bone marrow stromal cells are well studied in animal experiments and in vitro tests, while their clinical applications are less reported and still in the exploratory stage. The applications of scaffold are complex; natural materials, synthetic materials and composite materials all have some deficiencies. Although the composite materials has become a hot research area, but its performance does not meet the requirement of scaffolds; and the long-term impacts caused by these materials on the body can not be seen. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new materials which can better meet the requirements of tissue-engineered cartilage scaffolds to achieve the purpose of repair and reconstruction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Occlusion effect comparison of artificial silicone rubber closure devices with different diameters Zhang Quan-an, Huang Zong-hai, Shi Fu-jun, Chen Fei, Li Jian-guo, Zou Zhao-wei 2012, 16 (8):  1496-1500.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.037 Abstract ( 478 )   PDF (373KB) ( 420 )   Save BACKGROUND: Large diameter of the artificial closure device may result in ischema, necrosis and infection because of its severe oppression on tissue around the stoma, while small diameter of the artificial closure device may lead to leakage of the stoma. OBJECTIVE: To observe the occlusion effects of closure devices with different diameters so as to explore the most appropriate diameter. METHODS: Colostomy models with diameter of 3.0 cm were prepared in Tibet mini pigs and divided into three groups randomly. The three groups were implanted by artificial silicone rubber closure devices with diameters of 3.0 cm, 3.5 cm, and 4.0 cm respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 1 week after occlusion, the leakage rate of the 3.0 cm group was obviously higher than those of the 3.5 cm and 4.0 cm groups (P < 0.05), the leakage rate of the 3.0 cm group was obviously higher than that of the 4.0 cm group (P < 0.05, P < 0.05) at 4 and 8 weeks. The leakage rate increased as the diameter increased, however, the leakage rate had no difference at 4 and 8 weeks. The lymphocyte count of the 4.0 cm group was higher than that of the 3.0 cm group at 4 and 8 weeks (P < 0.05, or P < 0.01). The perfusion of the 3.0 cm group had significant difference with baseline level at 50 seconds  (P < 0.05), and the differences of the 3.5 cm and 4.0 cm groups were significant at each time point (P < 0.01). The diameter of artificial silicone rubber closure devices 0.5-1.0 cm bigger than colostomy diameter may achieve the best effect of occlusion and least occlusion complication under the premise without severe leakage.   Related Articles | Metrics

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A 6-month follow-up of hyaluronate sodium intra-articular injection for the treatment of traumatic arthritis after ankle fracture Ju Zhi-qing, Yang Xiao-hua, Jiang Gui-yun, Yang Xiao-lian 2012, 16 (8):  1501-1504.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.038 Abstract ( 281 )   PDF (324KB) ( 861 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hyaluronate sodium is mainly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis; the traumatic arthritis after ankle fracture is mainly the degeneration of articular cartilage. OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of hyaluronate sodium intra-articular injection on the treatment of traumatic arthritis after ankle fracture. METHODS: Sixty patients with traumatic arthritis after ankle fracture were selected in the Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College from July 2009 to June 2011; the patients were treated with hyaluronate sodium intra-articular injection. The ankle pain, range of motion and traveled distance without pain were evaluated at 1 and 6 months after treatment.    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with pre-treatment, the visual analogue scale was significantly decreased (P < 0.01); the range of motion was increased, including angles of extensor expansion, plantar flexion, adduction, abduction, enstrophe (P < 0.01), as well as angles of extroversion (P < 0.05); traveled distance without pain was increased (P < 0.01). Hyaluronate sodium intra-articular injection can improve the clinical symptoms of traumatic arthritis after ankle fracture and the ankle function. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of vacuum-sealing drainage based on biomaterial wound surface dressing in incision decompression of osteofascial compartment syndrome  Xu Hai-dong, Chen Yong, Shang Hou-lai, Lu Jun-hao, Zhao Jian-ning 2012, 16 (8):  1505-1508.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.039 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (383KB) ( 560 )   Save BACKGROUND: Muscle bulging in vitro, stale bone wounds caused by a large number of tissue fluid exudation and high incidence of infection often appear after incision decompression of osteofascial compartment syndrome, and these are not conducive to patient recovery. Vacuum-sealing drainage (VSD) can protect the wound and avoid local toxins to enter into the blood. OBJECTIVE: To study the curative effect of VSD based on biomaterial wound surface dressing on incision decompression of osteofascial compartment syndrome. METHODS: Osteofascial compartment syndrome patients received incision decompression were divided into three groups by their wishes: VSD based on biomaterial wound dressing group, VSD based on synthetic wound dressing group and routine pressure dressing group. Indexes of liver and kidney functions and freshness of granulation particles were observed in all patients after 3 days of treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The technique of VSD could significantly protect liver and kidney functions, and the freshness of granulation particles in the VSD groups were better compared with the routine pressure dressing group (P < 0.05). Blisters around the wound could be seen in partial patients of the VSD based on synthetic wound dressing group during drainage. It is indicated that VSD based on the new biomaterial wound dressing can effectively drainage, protect liver and kidney functions by avoid toxins entering into the blood, and have a satisfactory freshness of granulation particles. It can provide a good wound surface for later skin grafting and have a good biocompatibility. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of chitosan-phosphatidylcholine complex on serum interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha in mild cognitive impairment patients   Wu Jing-lin1, Meng Qing-hui1, Hou Wen-xia1, Xie Hai2 2012, 16 (8):  1509-1512.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.040 Abstract ( 305 )   PDF (376KB) ( 522 )   Save BACKGROUND: Chitosan phosphatidylcholine can improve the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease through the blood-brain barrier. OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of chitosan-phosphatidylcholine complex on serum interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) in mild cognitive impairement (MCI) patients. METHODS: According to diagnostic criteria of MCI, 36 patients with MCI selected from a part of homes and communities in Weifang City were randomly divided into experimental group (oral administration of chitosan phosphatidylcholine), black control group (without taking medication) and healthy control group with the age and education-matched. Serum IL-1β and TNF-α concentration among three groups were detected by using radioimmunoassay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the black control group, serum IL-1β and TNF-α levels were significantly decreased in the experimental group post-treatment, and serum IL-1β and TNF-α levels in the experimental group post-treatment were significantly lower than that in the experimental group pre-treatment (P < 0.05). MMSE score was significantly improved in the experimental group post-treatment compared with experimental group pre-treatment (P < 0.05). It is indicated that chitosan phosphatidylcholine can improve cognitive function of MCI patients, lower serum IL-1β and TNFα levels, reduce inflammatory reaction and delay the MCI progression. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical effect and influencing factors of Biosplint materials on mobile teeth stabilization Chen Hui, Zhou Feng-mei, Gu Xiao-xia, Wu Ping-qun 2012, 16 (8):  1513-1516.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.041 Abstract ( 434 )   PDF (308KB) ( 408 )   Save BACKGROUND: Combination of metal materials and resin is used mostly for stabilization of mobile teeth at present. But the materials are often characterized with instability, complicate to operate, unqualified biocompatibility, and so on. OBJECTIVE: To analysis of the clinical effect and influencing factors of Biosplint materials on the stabilization of mobile teeth. METHODS: The clinical data of 80 patients admitted at Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University from January 2008 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the stabilization materials: the experimental group underwent mobile teeth stabilization by Biosplint materials, while the control group was preformed with mobile teeth stabilization by stainless steel wire joint mobility resin. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All patients were followed-up for 12 months. Forty-four teeth were fixed successfully in the experimental group and the success rate was 91%; 24 teeth were fixed successfully in the control group and the success rate was 69%. There was a significant difference in the success rate between two groups (P < 0.05). The plaque index in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Ages, levels of teeth loosening, times of loosening, absorption of alveolar bones and materials were influencing factors for Biosplint materials in the mobile teeth stabilization. Biosplint materials have a good adhesion with teeth and dental arch, and have the advantages for the maintenance of oral hygiene, structural stability, good-looking and good therapeutic efficacy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Novel application of silicone rubber materials in the restorative treatment of periodontal splint   Kang Yan-feng, Xie Qiu-fei 2012, 16 (8):  1517-1520.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.08.042 Abstract ( 335 )   PDF (327KB) ( 438 )   Save BACKGROUND: The periodontal splint is widely applied in clinic. The literatures and reports at home or abroad usually use the wedge to close the adjacent gap in the process of production.    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect of silicone rubber materials in the restorative treatment of periodontal splint. METHODS: Thirty moderate periodontitis patients who were needed to receive the restorative treatment of periodontal splint. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control group. In the experimental group, silicone rubber materials were applied to temporarily close the space between teeth, while in control group wedges were applied. After the space between teeth was closed, the routine operation was preformed and the operating time was recorded. After the establishment of periodontal splint, the prevalence of overhang and change of occlusion was measured, degree of satisfaction of doctors and patients was recorded by visual analogue rating sore, and then the clinical evaluation was completed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with control group, the prevalence of overhang and change of occlusion was less and the degree of satisfaction of doctors and patients was higher in experimental group. The operation time was equal in two groups. The clinical application of silicone rubber materials can be used as a complementary method in the restorative treatment of periodontal splint. To a certain extent, it can effectively reduce the prevalence of overhang, keep the change of occlusion and improve the satisfaction of patients. Related Articles | Metrics