中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (13): 2087-2096.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2192

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

脂肪干细胞在颅颌面骨再生中的作用与潜力

陈菊芳,田玉楼,郝  鑫   

  1. 中国医科大学口腔医学院·附属口腔医院正畸二科,辽宁省口腔疾病重点实验室,辽宁省沈阳市   110002
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-16 修回日期:2020-04-29 接受日期:2020-06-03 出版日期:2021-05-08 发布日期:2020-12-29
  • 通讯作者: 田玉楼,博士,教授,中国医科大学口腔医学院·附属口腔医院正畸二科,辽宁省口腔疾病重点实验室,辽宁省沈阳市 110002
  • 作者简介:陈菊芳,女,1994年生,安徽省蚌埠市人,汉族,中国医科大学在读硕士,主要从事口腔正畸和骨组织工程的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    辽宁省重点研发计划项目(2020JH 2/10300069),项目负责人:田玉楼

Role and potential of adipose-derived stem cells in cranio-maxillofacial bone regeneration

Chen Jufang, Tian Yulou, Hao Xin   

  1. Second Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2020-04-16 Revised:2020-04-29 Accepted:2020-06-03 Online:2021-05-08 Published:2020-12-29
  • Contact: Tian Yulou, MD, Professor, Second Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Chen Jufang, Master candidate, Second Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Key Research and Development Project in Liaoning Province, No. 2020JH 2/10300069 (to TYL) 

摘要:

文题释义:
富血小板血浆:是一种经离心获得的血小板含量高于正常全血四五倍的血液提取物,体外激活后可释放出多种组织修复所需的生长因子,如血小板衍化生长因子、转化生长因子β、血管内皮生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子1等,可促进伤口愈合,修复骨缺损。
可注射性支架:是一种具有良好流动性、生物相容性且无毒的材料,与细胞及细胞因子复合后注入机体缺损部位,或直接注体内,材料到达缺损部位后能在原位形成具有一定机械强度、形状并且可与体液进行交换的支架,已被广泛用于骨修复以及药物搭载。可注射性支架在颅颌面骨再生中的优越性是体外支架所无法替代的,而且它在临床使用的可能性也非常大,将是组织工程支架的重要发展方向之一。

背景:颅颌面骨缺损的修复仍面临严峻挑战,骨再生理念的引入为该问题指明了新的方向。脂肪来源干细胞获取便捷且具有显著的成骨分化能力,被认为是颅颌面骨再生的理想种子细胞。
目的:综述影响脂肪干细胞成骨分化的因素及其在颅颌面骨再生的研究进展,以期为脂肪干细胞促进颅颌面骨再生的进一步研究提供思路。
方法:计算机检索PubMed数据库、万方数据库、CNKI期刊全文数据库2013年1月至2020年2月收录的相关文献。检索词为“adipose-derived stem cells;cranio-maxillofacial;oral tissue regeneration;periodontal tissue regeneration;bone regeneration;bone defects;osteogenesis”,最终纳入88篇文献进行归纳总结。 
结果与结论:脂肪干细胞能够分化为成骨细胞,可以大量获取,体外扩增能力强,在颅颌面骨再生中具有广阔的应用前景。miRNAs/microRNAs参与了脂肪干细胞的成骨分化,脂肪干细胞与其他细胞共培养、与富血小板血浆联合应用、与改性的钛金属联合应用、应用基因技术等均是提高其成骨分化的有效手段。相较于常规体外支架,脂肪干细胞复合可注射性支架在成骨方面显示出更大的潜力。脂肪干细胞修复颅颌面骨缺损在临床中取得了一定进展,但仍缺乏大规模临床试验的证实。 

关键词: 干细胞, 脂肪干细胞, 骨缺损, 骨再生, 成骨, 富血小板血浆, 支架, 共培养, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The repair of cranio-maxillofacial bone defects is still facing severe challenges, and the introduction of the concept of bone regeneration points out a new direction for this problem. Adipose-derived stem cells are easy to access and have strong osteogenic differentiation capacity, which are considered as ideal seed cells for cranio-maxillofacial bone regeneration.
OBJECTIVE: To review the influencing factors of osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells as well as the research progress in cranio-maxillofacial bone regeneration, thus providing ideas for further study on adipose-derived stem cells in promoting cranio-maxillofacial bone regeneration. 
METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed, Wanfang, and CNKI databases was performed to retrieve papers published from January 2013 to February 2020 with the search terms of “adipose-derived stem cells, cranio-maxillofacial, oral tissue regeneration, periodontal tissue regeneration, bone regeneration, bone defects, osteogenesis” in English and Chinese. Finally, 88 papers were included for summary. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Adipose-derived stem cells can be induced to differentiate to osteoblasts and are easy to acquire in large quantities. It has a strong ability of expansion in vitro and has a broad application prospect in the field of cranio-maxillofacial bone regeneration. miRNAs/microRNAs play a role in the osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. The osteogenic differentiation ability of adipose-derived stem cells can be improved by the means of co-culture with other cells, combined with platelet-rich plasma or modified titanium and gene technology. Compared with conventional extracorporeal scaffolds, adipose-derived stem cells combined with injectable scaffolds have greater potential in osteogenesis. Some progress has been made in repairing cranio-maxillofacial bone defects with adipose-derived stem cells, but there is still a lack of sufficient evidence in large-scale clinical trials. 


Key words: stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, bone defect, bone regeneration, osteogenesis, platelet-rich plasma, scaffold, co-culture, review

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