中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (7): 1104-1108.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2177

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

低氧环境下外泌体可作为疾病的标志物

赵  敏1,冯柳祥2,陈  垚1,顾  霞1,王平义1,李一梅1,李文华1   

  1. 1西藏民族大学,陕西省咸阳市   712082;2丽江市玉龙纳西族自治县人民医院,云南省玉龙纳西族自治县   674100
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-12 修回日期:2020-03-18 接受日期:2020-05-09 出版日期:2021-03-08 发布日期:2020-12-09
  • 通讯作者: 李文华,教授,硕士研究生导师,西藏民族大学,陕西省咸阳市 712082
  • 作者简介:赵敏,男,1994 年生,安徽省巢湖市人,汉族,西藏民族大学医学部在读硕士,主要从事病理学与病理生理学研究。 冯柳祥,女,1994年生,云南省大理市人,汉族,医师,主要从事儿科疾病研究。
  • 基金资助:
    2017国家自然科学基金项目(81760332);2020陕西省教育厅科学研究计划项目;2020西藏科技厅厅校联合项目(藏药红景天抗新冠肺炎“炎症风暴”作用及机制研究)

Exosomes as a disease marker under hypoxic conditions

Zhao Min1, Feng Liuxiang2, Chen Yao1, Gu Xia1, Wang Pingyi1, Li Yimei1, Li Wenhua1   

  1. 1Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, Shaanxi Province, China; 2People’s Hospital of Yulong Naxi Autonomous County of Lijiang City, Yulong Naxi Autonomous County 674100, Yunnan Province, China
  • Received:2020-03-12 Revised:2020-03-18 Accepted:2020-05-09 Online:2021-03-08 Published:2020-12-09
  • Contact: Li Wenhua, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, Shaanxi Province, China
  • About author:Zhao Min, Master candidate, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, Shaanxi Province, China Feng Liuxiang, Physician, People’s Hospital of Yulong Naxi Autonomous County of Lijiang City, Yulong Naxi Autonomous County 674100, Yunnan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China in 2017, No. 81760332; the Scientific Research Program of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education in 2020; Head of the Joint Project of the Department of Science and Technology of Tibet in 2020 (Research on the Role and Mechanism of Hongjingtian, Tibetan Medicine, Anti-COVID-19 “Inflammation Storm”)

摘要:

文题释义:
外泌体:指包含了复杂RNA和蛋白质的小膜泡,其特指直径在40-100 nm的盘状囊泡,外泌体天然存在于体液中,包括血液、唾液、尿液、脑脊液和乳汁中,可以通过体循环到达作用部位,释放内容物,参与细胞间的物质交换和信息交流,在多种生理和病理过程中发挥重要作用。
生物标记物:是指能够反映致病因素或毒物从暴露到效应过程中,各个环节性质的特异性生物分子,如DNA、蛋白质、酶、脂质、糖类等;也指在各种效应过程中反映某种外来物质引发的生物化学反应以及各种数据指标,可用于疾病诊断、判断疾病分期或者用来评价新药或新疗法在目标人群中的安全性及有效性。

背景:低氧是各种病症中常见的生理和病理应激反应,且外泌体广泛参与了低氧损伤机制及其适应机制,二者密切相关,是目前的研究热点。
目的:为高原病的防治寻找新靶点,开拓新的思路。
方法:应用计算机检索2013至2020年PubMed、Medline数据库,检索2018至2019年中国知网、万方数据库,中文关键词为“血清外泌体、低氧、肿瘤、炎症、心脑血管疾病”;英文关键词为“serum exosomes,hypoxia,tumor,Inflammation,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases”。 最后纳入57篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:低氧通过影响细胞周期、形态结构、代谢、增殖、分化、自噬、凋亡等方面成为一种潜在的环境死亡因子,并且低氧可以调节外泌体的释放并改变其含量,这与细胞特异性、缺氧暴露的持续时间和低氧的严重程度密切相关。在低氧环境下,外泌体通过与受体细胞特异性结合的方式,传递各种生物学信息,发挥重要的生物学作用,其作为疾病诊断生物标志物具有巨大的应用潜力。
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-6606(赵敏)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 血清, 外泌体, 低氧, 信息传递, 肿瘤, 心脑血管疾病, 高原病, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hypoxia is a common physiological and pathological stress response in various diseases, and exosomes are widely involved in the mechanism of hypoxia injury and its adaptive mechanism. The two are closely related, which is the current research hotspot. 
OBJECTIVE: To find a new target for the prevention and treatment of high altitude diseases and open up new ideas.
METHODS: The PubMed and Medline databases from 2013 to 2020, and the CNKI and Wanfang databases from 2018 to 2019 were searched by computer. The key words were “serum exosomes, hypoxia, tumor, inflammation, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases” in Chinese and English. Finally, 57 articles were included in the review. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hypoxia is a potential environmental death factor by affecting cell cycle, morphology, metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, autophagy, apoptosis and so on. Hypoxia can regulate the release and change the content of exosomes, which is strongly associated with cell specificity, the duration of hypoxia exposure and the severity of hypoxia. In the environment of hypoxia, exosomes can transmit all kinds of biological information and play an important role in biology through specific binding with receptor cells. As a biomarker of disease diagnosis, exosomes have great potential.

Key words: serum, exosomes, hypoxia, information transmission, tumor, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, review

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