中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (7): 1109-1115.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2178

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

小胶质细胞介导神经元损伤在神经退行性疾病中的作用

谢文佳1,2,夏天娇1,2,周卿云1,刘羽佳1,顾小萍1   

  1. 1南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院麻醉科,江苏省南京市   210008;2江苏省医学分子技术重点实验室,江苏省南京市   210093
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-20 修回日期:2020-03-21 接受日期:2020-04-11 出版日期:2021-03-08 发布日期:2020-12-09
  • 通讯作者: 顾小萍,博士,主任医师,博士生导师,南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院麻醉科,江苏省南京市 210008
  • 作者简介:谢文佳,女,1996年生,江苏省宿迁市人,汉族,在读硕士,主要从事术后认知功能障碍方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81701371);国家自然科学基金项目(81730033);十三五强卫工程-重点人才项目(ZDRCA2016069)

Role of microglia-mediated neuronal injury in neurodegenerative diseases

Xie Wenjia1, 2, Xia Tianjiao1, 2, Zhou Qingyun1, Liu Yujia1, Gu Xiaoping1   

  1. 1Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2020-03-20 Revised:2020-03-21 Accepted:2020-04-11 Online:2021-03-08 Published:2020-12-09
  • Contact: Gu Xiaoping, MD, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Xie Wenjia, Master candidate, Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81701371, No. 81730033; the Key Talent Project for Strengthening Health during the 13th Five-Year Plan Period, No. ZDRCA2016069

摘要:

文题释义:
小胶质细胞:属于卵黄囊来源的单核谱系细胞,根据区域不同占中枢神经系统细胞的5%-12%,是中枢神经系统驻留免疫细胞的主要来源,具有感知、管家和防御3个基本功能,通过杀死病原体、清除神经毒性物质、提供营养因子等途径发挥保护神经元的作用。
神经退行性疾病:以进行性神经系统功能障碍为特征,该功能障碍与受累中枢或外周神经系统结构的萎缩、神经元或髓鞘的丧失有关,亦可出现异常蛋白质聚集物沉积。这类疾病包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症、额颞叶痴呆、毛细血管扩张性共济失调症等。

背景:小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统驻留免疫细胞,具有感知、管家和防御功能。神经退行性疾病状态下,小胶质细胞功能紊乱导致或加重神经元损伤。
目的:探讨神经退行性疾病中小胶质细胞介导的神经元损伤机制。
方法:由第一作者以“microglia,neurodegenerative diseases,neuronal injury”为英文检索词,“小胶质细胞,神经退行性疾病,神经元损伤”为中文检索词,检索PubMed、中国知网、万方、维普等中英文数据库2001年1月至2020年1月发表的相关文献。
结果与结论:神经退行性疾病中,小胶质细胞受到毒性物质干扰而感知过度导致激活增多,伴随管家功能亢进和强烈的神经炎症,造成神经元损伤;或因特定基因突变而出现感知和管家功能减弱,使毒性物质累积加重防御功能的失调,诱导神经元凋亡或坏死。探索神经退行性疾病中小胶质细胞介导的神经元损伤机制,可为神经退行性疾病的治疗提供多个靶点。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8218-7299(顾小萍)
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 干细胞, 小胶质细胞, 神经退行性疾病, 神经元损伤, 神经炎症, 阿尔茨海默病, 中枢神经系统, 神经元死亡, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Microglia are resident immune cells of the central nervous system that normally perform sensing, housekeeping, and defense functions. In the context of neurodegenerative diseases, the dysfunction of microglia leads to or aggravates neuronal injury.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of microglia-mediated neuronal injury in neurodegenerative diseases.

METHODS: The first author searched for relevant articles published from January 2001 to January 2020 in PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang database, and VIP database with the key words of “microglia; neurodegenerative diseases; neuronal injury”.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In neurodegenerative diseases, microglia perform excessive sensing due to toxic substances during normal function, leading to increasing activation of microglia, accompanied with hyperfunction of housekeeping and intense neuroinflammation causing neuronal impairment. The dysregulation can also be manifested as dysfunction of sensing and housekeeping due to specific gene mutations, which bring about accumulation of toxic substances, aggravating the dysregulation of defense function and inducing apoptosis or necrosis of neurons as a result. Further exploration on the mechanism of microglia-mediated neuronal injury in neurodegenerative diseases may provide several targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.

Key words: stem cells, microglia, neurodegenerative diseases, neuronal injury, neuroinflammation, Alzheimer’s disease, central nervous system, neuronal cell death, review

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