中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (9): 1446-1451.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3753

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

尺骨鹰嘴骨折-脱位解剖力学、损伤特点、固定修复及3D技术应用的相关问题

王德斌,毕郑刚   

  1. 哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院骨科,黑龙江省哈尔滨市   150001
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-19 修回日期:2020-05-20 接受日期:2020-06-21 出版日期:2021-03-28 发布日期:2020-12-16
  • 通讯作者: 毕郑刚,教授,博士生导师,哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院骨科,黑龙江省哈尔滨市 150001
  • 作者简介:王德斌,男,1992 年生,吉林省长春市人,汉族,哈尔滨医科大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事骨创伤领域的研究。

Related problems in anatomy mechanics, injury characteristics, fixed repair and three-dimensional technology application for olecranon fracture-dislocations

Wang Debin, Bi Zhenggang   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Received:2020-05-19 Revised:2020-05-20 Accepted:2020-06-21 Online:2021-03-28 Published:2020-12-16
  • Contact: Bi Zhenggang, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • About author:Wang Debin, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
尺骨鹰嘴骨折-脱位:尺骨鹰嘴复杂骨折,可涉及桡骨头、冠状突同时或单独的脱位或半脱位,为复杂肘关节骨折脱位之一。该损伤严重破坏了尺骨滑车切迹的正常结构,并进一步牵连肘关节周围结构,致使影响肘关节功能稳定,给临床诊疗工作增加一定的挑战性。
3D打印技术:计算机断层扫描CT 扫描、三维重建联合Mimics软件进行数据处理,进而选择性激光烧结技术打印模型。3D打印技术凭借术前规划最佳手术入路、种植体置入、外形设计、术中困难预估等优点,越来越多地应用在骨科手术中,为复杂手术程序的术前规划带来了新的机遇。

背景:尺骨鹰嘴骨折-脱位为复杂肘关节骨折脱位之一,给临床诊疗增加一定的挑战性。虽然不断提升的医疗水平使尺骨鹰嘴骨折-脱位的临床诊疗得到了一定发展,但也存在一些争议问题需要进一步探讨。
目的:查阅和整理关于尺骨鹰嘴骨折-脱位临床诊疗研究的相关文献,并进行总结。
方法:第一作者检索Web of Science、PubMed和中国知网(CNKI)数据库2000至2020年收录的相关文献,中英文检索词分别为“鹰嘴,肘关节,骨折脱位,3D打印”和“olecranon,elbow,fracture dislocation,3D printing”。查阅收集大量文献,从解剖力学、损伤特点、诊断分型和手术治疗等方面分类整理和分析。
结果与结论:①鹰嘴、冠状突、桡骨头的解剖形态以及软组织之间的解剖力学特点影响着尺骨鹰嘴骨折-脱位的临床诊疗;②前、后脱位均有其自身损伤特点,同时易与孟氏骨折相混淆,准确把握体格检查与辅助影像检查有利于临床诊断;③手术入路中仍以后正中入路更为常用,必要时需联合其他入路;恰当固定修复骨与软组织,以及适时的辅助外固定架,均有利于改善尺骨鹰嘴骨折-脱位的临床疗效;④但是后方尺骨鹰嘴骨折-脱位的损伤机制还需更深层次探究,以及是否建立尺骨鹰嘴骨折-脱位独立分型尚需进一步讨论;鹰嘴后方间接固定冠状突的有效性问题,仍需进一步深入研究;⑤此外,兴起的3D打印技术对骨创伤术前规划和模拟操作具有重要意义,将会更有利于尺骨鹰嘴骨折-脱位临床诊疗工作的开展。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8055-2483 (王德斌)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 尺骨鹰嘴, 骨折, 脱位, 解剖力学, 固定, 3D打印, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Olecranon fracture-dislocations are complicated fractures and dislocations of the elbow, which adds certain challenges to clinical diagnosis and treatment. Although the continuous improvement of medical standards has made some progress in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of olecranon fracture-dislocations, some controversial issues need to further discuss.
OBJECTIVE: To consult and sort out the relevant literature about the clinical diagnosis and treatment of olecranon fracture-dislocations, and give a summary. 
METHODS: The first author searched the relevant documents collected by Web of Science, PubMed and CNKI databases from 2000 to 2020. The key words were “olecranon; elbow; fracture dislocation; 3D printing” in English and Chinese. The massive relevant literature was reviewed and collected. The literature was classified and analyzed from the aspects of anatomical mechanics, injury characteristics, diagnostic typing and surgical treatment. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The anatomy of the olecranon, coronoid process, radial head, and the anatomical mechanical characteristics between the soft tissues affect the clinical diagnosis and treatment of olecranon fracture-dislocations. (2) Both anterior and posterior dislocations have their own injury characteristics and are easily confused with Monteggia fractures. Accurate grasp of physical examination and auxiliary imaging examination is conducive to clinical diagnosis. (3) The posterior midline approach is more commonly used, and other approaches should be combined if necessary. Proper fixation and repair of bone and soft tissue, as well as timely auxiliary external fixator, are conducive to improving the clinical efficacy of olecranon fracture-dislocations. (4) However, the damage mechanism of the rear olecranon fracture-dislocations needs to be further explored, and whether to establish independent classification of olecranon fracture-dislocations needs further discussion. The effectiveness of the indirect fixation of the coronoid process behind the olecranon still needs further research. (5) In addition, the emerging three-dimensional printing technology is of great significance for preoperative planning and simulation of bone trauma, and will be more conducive to the development of clinical diagnosis and treatment of olecranon fracture-dislocations. 

Key words: bone, olecranon, fracture, dislocation, anatomy mechanics, fixation, three-dimensional printing, review

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