中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (9): 1356-1361.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3755

• 人工假体Artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

全膝关节置换静脉滴注氨甲环酸联合含氨甲环酸鸡尾酒局部应用的止血效果及安全性

王金军,邓增发,刘  康,何智勇,余新平,梁建基,李  晨,郭洲洋   

  1. 中山市人民医院,广东省中山市   528403
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-06 修回日期:2020-05-12 接受日期:2020-05-27 出版日期:2021-03-28 发布日期:2020-12-15
  • 通讯作者: 何智勇,硕士,主任医师,硕士生导师,中山市人民医院骨一科,广东省中山市 528403
  • 作者简介:王金军,男,1979年生,湖南省郴州市人,汉族,2002年中南大学湘雅医学院毕业,副主任医师,主要从事关节置换与骨创伤方面的研究。

Hemostatic effect and safety of intravenous drip of tranexamic acid combined with topical application of cocktail containing tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty

Wang Jinjun, Deng Zengfa, Liu Kang, He Zhiyong, Yu Xinping, Liang Jianji, Li Chen, Guo Zhouyang   

  1. Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2020-05-06 Revised:2020-05-12 Accepted:2020-05-27 Online:2021-03-28 Published:2020-12-15
  • Contact: He Zhiyong, Master, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Wang Jinjun, Associate chief physician, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
全膝关节置换围术期出血:由于膝关节有着血运丰富、滑膜多的特点,术中操作会损伤正常血管、滑膜而导致术中及术后出血量增多。加上术中需要使用止血带,这一因素也会一定程度上增加下肢血管缺血和再灌注损伤等其他风险,进而导致释放出血管内皮组织纤溶酶原激活物,激活物的释放又可引起纤溶反应从而影响最终的手术疗效。可见在全膝关节置换围术期针对失血原因采取合理的止血措施,不但能够缓解患者的病情、加强临床手术疗效,还能够改善预后,最终提升患者术后的生活质量。
氨甲环酸:化学名称为反式对氨基环已酸,一种合成赖氨酸衍生物,通过竞争性抑制赖氨酸结合位点对纤溶酶原的作用,减少纤维蛋白的局部降解凝血纤维蛋白溶酶,从而产生手术切口的止血作用,在全髋及全膝关节置换术中得以广泛研究。

背景:膝关节置换围术期出血较大,含有氨甲环酸的“鸡尾酒”有止血和镇痛的双重作用,然而如何联合静脉使用氨甲环酸进一步减少出血仍值得探讨。
目的:在使用含氨甲环酸的“鸡尾酒”前提下,对比联合不同方式静脉使用氨甲环酸在全膝关节置换术中的止血效果和安全性。
方法:回顾性分析 2017年6月至2019年9月中山市人民医院骨一科收治行初次单侧全膝关节置换膝骨关节炎62例患者的病历资料,分成3组,其中A组26例术中关闭切口前局部给予含有氨甲环酸的“鸡尾酒”;B组25例在A组基础上术前切皮前静脉点滴1.0 g氨甲环酸;C组11例在B组基础上于术后3 h再次静滴1次1.0 g氨甲环酸,对比分析3组患者显性、隐性及总失血量、术后血红蛋白最大丢失量、输血率、术后住院时间、术后并发症等。
结果与结论:①在总失血量、隐性失血量、术中出血量、术后引流量、显性失血量、血红蛋白最大丢失量方面,B、C组均低于A组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);B组与C组间比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);②输血率和术后住院时间,3组间差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③3组在伤口并发症、关节腔积液、肌间静脉血栓并发症发生率方面,差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05),且3组均未发现下肢深静脉血栓形成及肺动脉栓塞;④结果表明,在全膝关节置换手术切皮前静脉使用1次1.0 g氨甲环酸以及联合含0.5 g氨甲环酸的“鸡尾酒”具有明显的止血效果,但是术后3 h再次静脉使用1次1.0 g氨甲环酸未能进一步减少出血;而且前两者均不增加术后并发症,有一定的安全性。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7666-0991 (王金军) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 关节, 全膝关节置换, 氨甲环酸, 静脉, 局部, 出血量, 隐性失血量

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The perioperative blood loss of total knee arthroplasty is large. The “cocktail” containing tranexamic acid has the dual function of hemostasis and analgesia. However, how to further reduce blood loss with intravenous tranexamic acid is still worth exploring.   
OBJECTIVE: To compare the hemostatic effect and safety of tranexamic acid combined with different intravenous applications of tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty under the premise of using “cocktail” containing tranexamic acid. 
METHODS: Data of 62 patients with osteoarthritis, who underwent primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty in the First Department of Orthopedics of Zhongshan People’s Hospital from June 2017 to September 2019, were retrospectively analyzed and divided into three groups. In the Group A, 26 patients administrated “cocktail” containing tranexamic acid before closing the wound. In the Group B, 25 patients administrated intravenously 1.0 g tranexamic acid before cutting skin on the basis of group A. In the Group C, 11 patients administrated intravenously 1.0 g tranexamic acid on the basis of group B 3 hours postoperatively. Dominant, hidden, and total blood loss, postoperative hemoglobin biggest loss, blood transfusion rate, postoperative hospital stay and postoperative complications were compared and analyzed among three groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In terms of blood loss (including total, hidden, intraoperative, postoperative and dominant) and the maximum loss of hemoglobin, both groups B and C were lower than group A, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05); there were no significant differences between group B and group C (P > 0.05). (2) There were no statistically significant differences in blood transfusion rate and postoperative hospital stay among three groups (P > 0.05). (3) There were no statistically significant differences among the three groups in the incidence of wound complications, articular effusion, and complications of intermuscular vein thrombosis (P > 0.05). No lower limb deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism was found in the three groups. (4) The results showed that intravenous administration of 1.0 g tranexamic acid before cutting skin and combination with “cocktail” containing 0.5 g tranexamic acid before closing the wound can have obvious hemostatic effect. However, intravenous administration of 1.0 g tranexamic acid 3 hours postoperatively failed to further reduce the bleeding; moreover, the first two administrations did not increase the postoperative complications, and had certain security.

Key words: bone, joint, total knee arthroplasty, tranexamic acid, vein, topical, blood loss, hidden blood loss

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