中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (9): 1368-1374.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3762

• 人工假体Artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

活动平台单髁置换后下肢力线与外侧间室骨关节炎进展的关系

彭智浩1,2,冯宗权1,邹勇根1,牛国庆1,2,吴  峰1,2   

  1. 1广州中医药大学附属佛山中医院,广东省佛山市   528000;2佛山市中医院骨六科,广东省佛山市   528000
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-06 修回日期:2020-05-12 接受日期:2020-06-09 出版日期:2021-03-28 发布日期:2020-12-15
  • 通讯作者: 彭智浩,副主任医师,广州中医药大学附属佛山中医院,广东省佛山市 528000;佛山市中医院骨六科,广东省佛山市 528000
  • 作者简介:彭智浩,男,1982年生,广东省博罗县人,汉族,副主任医师,主要从事四肢骨折修复与髋膝关节置换方面的研究。

Relationship of lower limb force line and the progression of lateral compartment arthritis after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty with mobile bearing

Peng Zhihao1, 2, Feng Zongquan1, Zou Yonggen1, Niu Guoqing1, 2, Wu Feng1, 2   

  1. 1Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China; 2Sixth Department of Orthopedics, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2020-05-06 Revised:2020-05-12 Accepted:2020-06-09 Online:2021-03-28 Published:2020-12-15
  • Contact: Peng Zhihao, Associate chief physician, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China; Sixth Department of Orthopedics, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Peng Zhihao, Associate chief physician, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China; Sixth Department of Orthopedics, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
活动平台单髁假体:Oxford®单髁膝关节假体是活动平台单髁的一种,是一种内侧单髁膝关节置换系统,由股骨组件、胫骨组件以及可自由活动的半月板衬垫组成,股骨及胫骨假体材质为钴铬钼合金,垫片为超高分子聚乙烯,单一半径设计的股骨假体,正球形设计接触面完全一致,增加接触面积,无边缘应力,解剖型活动垫片在膝关节不同活动度时保持完全一致的关节面接触和应力。主要应用于膝关节单间室骨性关节炎。
下肢力线:也称作下肢机械轴线,站立前后位股骨头中心与踝关节中心的连线,一般通过膝关节中心。膝内翻时,该线通过膝关节中心内侧,外翻时通过膝关节中心外侧。

背景:长期随访报道发现外侧间室骨性关节炎进展是单髁置换翻修的重要原因,而术后下肢力线被认为是导致单髁置换后外侧间室骨性关节炎进展的重要因素。
目的:探讨活动平台单髁置换下肢力线对外侧间室骨关节炎进展的影响。
方法:回顾性分析2014年3月至2017年3月在佛山市中医院关节科行活动平台单髁置换的患者84例,运用Kellgren-Lawrence X射线分级评估随访时外侧间室骨关节炎的情况,根据末次随访时外侧间室骨关节炎是否较术前进展分为外侧关节炎进展组和未进展组。对比两组患者术后与术前髋-膝-踝角、下肢机械轴Kennedy区域分布等下肢力线情况,同时采用美国特种外科医院膝关节评分、目测类比评分、膝关节活动度对比两组患者膝关节功能,同时分析下肢力线与外侧间室骨关节炎进展的关系。
结果与结论:①患者术后随访36-72个月,均未出现感染、伤口愈合不良、假体周围骨折、聚乙烯垫片脱位等并发症;②84例患者中进展组27例,未进展组57例;末次随访未进展组美国特种外科医院评分、目测类比评分均优于进展组,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05);两组患者末次随访时膝关节活动度差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③末次随访时,进展组患者平均髋-膝-踝角为(-1.02±3.13)°,未进展组为(3.94±1.56)°,两组比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);同时两组患者末次随访与术前髋-膝-踝角差异比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);④两组患者末次随访下肢机械轴Kennedy区域分布情况比较,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);进展组术后下肢力线位于3区及C区居多,而未进展组位于2区居多;⑤提示良好的下肢力线是影响活动平台单髁置换后临床疗效的关键因素,膝关节内侧活动平台单髁置换功能良好的患者机械轴平均内翻角度约3.94°,而外侧间室骨性关节炎进展患者外翻较多(平均外翻1.02°)。
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4684-907X (彭智浩) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 关节, 单髁置换, 活动平台, 下肢力线, 骨关节炎, 外侧间室, 膝外翻

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term follow-up report shows that the progress of lateral compartment osteoarthritis is an important reason for the revision of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, and the force line of lower limbs is considered to be an important factor leading to the progress of lateral compartment osteoarthritis after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of lower limb force line on the progression of lateral compartment arthritis in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty with mobile bearing.
METHODS: From March 2014 to March 2017, a retrospective analysis was conducted in 84 patients who underwent unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in the Department of Arthrology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Kellgren-Lawrence X-ray grading was used to evaluate the osteoarthritis of the lateral compartment during the follow-up. According to whether osteoarthritis of the lateral compartment was more advanced than that of the operation during the last follow-up, it was divided into the advanced group and the non-advanced group. The force lines of the lower limbs, such as hip-knee-ankle angle and Kennedy area distribution of the mechanical axis of the lower limbs, were compared between the two groups. Simultaneously, the knee joint function of the two groups was compared by the Hospital for Special Surgery knee score, visual analogue scale score of the knee joint, and motion range of the knee. The relationship between the changes of lower extremity force lines and the progress of lateral compartment arthritis was analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All patients were followed up for 36-72 months, and no complications such as infection, poor wound healing, periprosthetic fracture, polyethylene gasket dislocation occurred. (2) Among the 84 patients, 27 cases were in the advanced group and 57 cases were in the non-advanced group. Significant differences in Hospital for Special Surgery knee score and visual analogue scale score were detected at the last follow-up between the advanced group and the non-advanced group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in knee motion range between the two groups at the last follow-up (P > 0.05). (3) At the last follow-up, the average hip-knee-ankle angle in the advanced group was (-1.02±3.13)°, while that in the non-advanced group was (3.94±1.56)°. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, there was a significant difference in hip-knee-ankle angle between the last follow-up and the preoperation between the two groups (P < 0.05). (4) The regional distribution of lower limb mechanical axis Kennedy was compared between the two groups at the last follow-up, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The postoperative lower limb force lines were mostly located in zone 3 and C in the advanced group, and mostly located in zone 2 in the non-advanced group. (5) Good lower limb alignment is the key factor affecting the clinical efficacy after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty with mobile bearing. Average varus angle of mechanical axis was approximately 3.94° in patients with well-functioning unicompartmental knee arthroplasty at follow-up, whereas patients for progression of osteoarthritis were in more valgus (mean 1.02° of valgus).

Key words: joint, unicompartment, mobile bearing, lower limb line of force, osteoarthritis, lateral compartment, genu valgus

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