中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (9): 1440-1445.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.4015

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

髌骨骨折修复内植物选择的多重问题

周继辉,李新志,周  游,黄  卫,陈文瑶   

  1. 三峡大学第二临床医院•三峡大学附属仁和医院骨科,湖北省宜昌市   443001
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-19 修回日期:2020-03-25 接受日期:2020-05-09 出版日期:2021-03-28 发布日期:2020-12-16
  • 作者简介:周继辉,男,1974年生,黑龙江省哈尔滨市人,汉族,2012年哈尔滨医科大学毕业,博士,主任医师,主要从事创伤骨科方面的研究。

Multiple problems in the selection of implants for patellar fracture

Zhou Jihui, Li Xinzhi, Zhou You, Huang Wei, Chen Wenyao   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Renhe Hospital Affiliated to Three Gorges University, the Second Clinical Hospital of Three Gorges University, Yichang 443001, Hubei Province, China
  • Received:2020-03-19 Revised:2020-03-25 Accepted:2020-05-09 Online:2021-03-28 Published:2020-12-16
  • About author:Zhou Jihui, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Renhe Hospital Affiliated to Three Gorges University, the Second Clinical Hospital of Three Gorges University, Yichang 443001, Hubei Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
髌骨骨折:发生在髌骨的骨折,常导致伸膝装置受损,股四头肌肌腱及髌韧带的牵拉使骨折断端出现分离移位,髌骨下方与股骨相关节,对于伸膝装置受损影响功能及关节面平整度破坏的病例建议手术治疗。
聚髌器:是针对髌骨外形设计的内固定装置,分为可变形记忆合金聚髌器及分体加压式聚髌器,可对髌骨上下缘形成有效包绕固定。

背景:髌骨骨折是骨科的常见损伤,其手术内植物尚无公认的金标准,内植物改良和技术的进步是近年来研究的热点。
目的:综述髌骨骨折的内植物治疗的新进展,探讨各种手术治疗手段的原则及优劣性,为临床选择合适的内植物指引方向。
方法:由第一作者应用计算机检索万方、知网数据库,检索词为“髌骨骨折,分型,生物力学,内植物,内固定,并发症,预后”;同时检索 PubMed 英文数据库,检索词为“patellar fracture,classification,biomechanics,implants,internal fixation,tendon reconstruction,complications,prognosis”。检索时限为2005年7月至2020年2月,共检索到516篇文献,根据纳入标准及排除标准,最终选择 47篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①伸膝功能受损及关节面破坏的髌骨骨折需手术治疗,手术既要考虑关节面的平整,同时还要考虑股四头肌腱及髌韧带牵拉造成的分离移位趋势;②用于髌骨骨折的内植物种类较多,尚无统一的金标准;③髌骨骨折手术内植物包括钢丝、克氏针、缝线、锚钉、钢板等,各种内植物均在不断改良及创新中完善。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2646-5343 (周继辉) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 骨折, 髌骨, 生物力学, 内植物, 内固定, 并发症, 预后, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Patellar fracture is a common injury in orthopedics. There is no recognized gold standard for the implants. The improvement of the implants and the progress of the technology are the research hotspot in recent years.
OBJECTIVE: To review the new progress of internal fixation for patellar fracture, and to explore the principles and advantages and disadvantages of various surgical treatment methods, so as to guide the clinical choice of the appropriate direction of internal fixators.
METHODS: Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched by the first author. The Chinese key words were “patella fracture, classification, biomechanics, internal fixator, internal fixation, complications, prognosis”. Simultaneously, PubMed was searched with the English search terms of “patellar fracture, classification, biomechanics, implants, internal fixation, tendon reconstruction, complications, prognosis”. The retrieval period was from July 2005 to February 2020. A total of 516 documents were retrieved. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 47 documents were selected and summarized. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The patellar fracture with knee extension function damage and articular surface damage should be treated by operation. The operation should not only consider the flatness of articular surface, but also consider the separation and displacement trend caused by the traction of quadriceps femoris tendon and patella ligament. (2) There are many kinds of implants for patella fracture, but there is no unified gold standard. (3) Implants for surgical treatment of patellar fracture include steel wire, Kirschner wire, suture, anchor, and steel plate. All kinds of built-in products are improved and innovated continuously.

Key words: bone, fracture, patella, biomechanics, implant, internal fixation, complications, prognosis, review

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