中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (19): 3064-3070.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3515

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

骨形态发生蛋白9调控干细胞分化与骨再生

汪  鎏,宋东哲,黄定明   

  1. 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,四川大学华西口腔医院牙体牙髓病科,四川省成都市   610000
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-17 修回日期:2020-06-20 接受日期:2020-07-29 出版日期:2021-07-09 发布日期:2021-01-13
  • 通讯作者: 黄定明,博士,主任医师,教授,口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,四川大学华西口腔医院牙体牙髓病科,四川省成都市 610000
  • 作者简介:汪鎏,男,1994年生,四川省泸州市人,汉族,2020年四川大学毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事牙髓根尖周病的病因及防治研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81970936),项目负责人:黄定明;国家自然科学基金(81900996),项目负责人:宋东哲

Bone morphogenetic protein 9 regulates stem cell differentiation and bone regeneration

Wang Liu, Song Dongzhe, Huang Dingming   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center of Oral Disease & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China 
  • Received:2020-06-17 Revised:2020-06-20 Accepted:2020-07-29 Online:2021-07-09 Published:2021-01-13
  • Contact: Huang Dingming, MD, Chief physician, Professor, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center of Oral Disease & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Wang Liu, Master, Physician, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center of Oral Disease & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81970936 (to HDM); the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81900996 (to SDZ)

摘要:

文题释义:
骨形态发生蛋白9:又名生长分化因子2,属于骨形态发生蛋白家族,是转化生长因子β超家族的成员。骨形态发生蛋白家族有超过14名家族成员,研究发现骨形态发生蛋白9可能是骨形态发生蛋白家族中诱导干细胞成骨分化能力最强的分子之一,同时骨形态发生蛋白9的成骨分化作用不能被骨形态发生蛋白受体拮抗剂Noggin或骨形态发生蛋白3所抑制,提示其具备独特的诱导干细胞成骨分化的能力。
干细胞分化:干细胞是具有多向分化能力的细胞,在特定的条件下,干细胞可以被诱导分化成为多种成体细胞,包括成骨细胞、脂肪细胞、神经细胞等。干细胞分化是组织损伤修复与组织再生过程的生理基础。如何精准、有效地调控干细胞的定向分化,实现人体损伤组织的修复与再生,是目前组织工程技术基础研究和临床转化研究的热点与难点问题。

背景:骨形态发生蛋白9(bone morphogenetic protein 9,BMP9)具有很强的促进干细胞成骨分化的潜能。大量研究表明,BMP9可在动物体内促进骨缺损的修复。
目的:探究BMP9调控干细胞分化的机制,讨论影响BMP9促进干细胞成骨分化的潜在因素以及BMP9在骨组织工程中的应用前景。
方法:在PubMed、Web of Science、万方、维普、CNKI数据库中以“bone morphogenetic protein 9/BMP9,mesenchymal stem cell,stem cell,bone regeneration,bone reconstruction”“骨形态发生蛋白9,间充质干细胞,干细胞,骨再生,骨重建”为关键词检索1990至2020年的相关文献,排除重复、与研究目的无关或低质量的文献,共纳入文献67篇进行总结分析。
结果与结论:BMP9作为骨形态发生蛋白家族的关键分子,具有极强的促进干细胞分化与骨组织再生的能力。BMP9主要通过BMP9-SMAD信号通路和BMP9-MAPK信号通路来实现对干细胞分化的调控作用。TGF-β、Wnt/β-catenin和Notch信号通路可以影响BMP9信号通路关键分子的表达,间接影响BMP9的成骨分化作用。在口腔颌面部骨组织工程与骨关节疾病模型中,BMP9可以显著促进骨组织再生、骨缺损的修复与骨组织的重建。现有研究仍存在一定局限性,包括BMP9调控干细胞分化与骨组织再生的具体机制仍有待进一步探讨,BMP9对其他组织器官的毒副作用仍有待评估等。

关键词: 干细胞, 骨形态发生蛋白9, 成骨分化, 骨再生, 信号通路, 骨组织工程, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) possesses the potential to regulate the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. A large number of studies have shown that BMP9 can promote the repair of bone defects in animals.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of BMP9 regulating stem cell differentiation, to discuss the potential factors affecting the promotion of stem cell osteogenic differentiation by BMP9, and to explore the application perspective of BMP9 in bone tissue engineering. 
METHODS: In PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang, Weipu and CNKI, the authors searched the relevant literature from 1990 to 2020 with the keywords “bone morphogenetic protein 9/BMP9, mesenchymal stem cell, stem cell, bone regeneration, bone reconstruction”. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the repetitive, unrelated, or low-quality articles were excluded. Finally, 67 articles were summarized and analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: As a key molecule of bone morphogenetic protein family, BMP9 has a strong ability to promote stem cell differentiation and bone tissue regeneration. BMP9 regulates stem cell differentiation mainly through BMP9-SMAD signal pathway and BMP9-MAPK signal pathway. TGFβ, Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling pathways can regulate the expression of key molecules in BMP9 signaling pathway to indirectly affect the osteogenic differentiation of BMP9. In oral and maxillofacial bone tissue engineering and osteoarticular disease model, BMP9 can significantly promote bone tissue regeneration, bone defect repair and bone tissue reconstruction. However, with the limitations of the existing research, the specific mechanism of BMP9 regulating stem cell differentiation and bone tissue regeneration remains to be further explored, and the toxic and side effects of stimulating BMP9 on other tissues and organs still need to be evaluated. 


Key words: stem cells, bone morphogenetic protein 9, osteogenic differentiation, bone regeneration, signal pathway, bone tissue engineering, review

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