中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (28): 4546-4552.doi: 10.12307/2021.071

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

壳聚糖在纳米药物递送载体领域的应用现状

杨梦璐1，2，张  娜1，2，王方远2，刘建国1，2   

  1. 1遵义医科大学口腔医学院，贵州省遵义市   563099；2贵州省普通高等学校口腔疾病研究特色重点实验室暨遵义市口腔疾病研究重点实验室，贵州省遵义市   563006
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-10 修回日期:2020-11-13 接受日期:2020-12-18 出版日期:2021-10-08 发布日期:2021-05-21
  • 通讯作者: 刘建国，博士，教授，遵义医科大学口腔医学院，贵州省遵义市 563099；贵州省普通高等学校口腔疾病研究特色重点实验室暨遵义市口腔疾病研究重点实验室，贵州省遵义市 563006
  • 作者简介:杨梦璐，女，1994年生，湖北省宜昌市人，汉族，遵义医科大学在读硕士，医师，主要从事口腔医学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省暨遵义市医用生物材料研发人才基地建设项目(黔人领发[2018]3号，遵委[2019]69号)，项目负责人：刘建国；省市科技合作专项资金项目(省市科合[2014]41) ，项目负责人：刘建国；遵义医科大学科研启动基金(F-821)，项目负责人：王方远；贵州省普通高等学校特色重点实验室开放课题(KF201502)，项目负责人：王方远

Application of chitosan in nano drug delivery system

Yang Menglu1, 2, Zhang Na1, 2, Wang Fangyuan2, Liu Jianguo1, 2   

  1. 1School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563099, Guizhou Province, China; 2Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Higher Education Institution in Guizhou Province and Zunyi Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2020-11-10 Revised:2020-11-13 Accepted:2020-12-18 Online:2021-10-08 Published:2021-05-21
  • Contact: Liu Jianguo, PhD, Professor, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563099, Guizhou Province, China; Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Higher Education Institution in Guizhou Province and Zunyi Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Yang Menglu, Master candidate, Physician, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563099, Guizhou Province, China; Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Higher Education Institution in Guizhou Province and Zunyi Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Guizhou Province and Zunyi City Medical Biomaterials Research & Development Talent Base Construction Project, No. QRLF[2018]3, ZW[2019]69 (to LJG); the Provincial and Municipal Science and Technology Cooperation Special Fund Project, No. SSKH[2014]41 (to LJG); Research Startup Foundation of Zunyi Medical University, No.F-821 (to WFY); the Opening Foundation of Special Key Laboratory of Higher Education Institution in Guizhou province, No. KF201502 (to WFY)

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摘要：

文题释义：
壳聚糖：为天然多糖甲壳素脱除部分乙酰基的产物，是由葡萄糖胺和N-乙酰葡糖胺组成的聚阳离子多糖，具有生物降解性、生物相容性、无毒性、抑菌、增强免疫等多种生理功能，是作为药物载体的良好材料。
药物递送载体：是指能调控药物进入人体的方式、在体内的分布和控制药物释放速度并将药物输送到靶向器官的体系。

背景：多聚阳离子壳聚糖药物载体对改善现有给药方式的效用、药物利用率和安全性方面展现了很好的前景。
目的：综述近年来以壳聚糖为基材料的纳米药物载体的相关研究进展。
方法：利用计算机检索PubMed、中国知网数据库(CNKI)、Elsevier Science Direct数据库中相关文献，以中文“壳聚糖，纳米，药物递送，载体”及英文“Chitosan，nano，drug delivery，carrier”为关键词进行检索，检索时限为1994年至2020年10月，通过阅读和分析对文献进行初步筛选，以排除重复文献和低相关性文献，最终纳入54篇文献进行结果分析。
结果与结论：目前，壳聚糖作为药物递送载体的研究已取得显著进展，无论是体外细胞实验还是动物实验均证实其有良好的药物包封率并能使药物有效释放，借助壳聚糖良好的生物黏附性能实现药物的跨屏障递送(例如血脑屏障)，在一定程度上实现靶向给药。根据不同的需要所制备出的壳聚糖基复合物在分子质量、形状、粒径分布、包封率和载药量上均有所不同，即使是包覆同一药物，由于制作工艺或操作上的不同，也可能出现药物包封率、载药量及释放速率上的不同，因此目前还无法对其中的大部分载体进行大量生产。壳聚糖基纳米药物载体在临床应用方面还有很多工作要做，不过在未来的研究中会进一步扩大其应用潜力。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6599 (杨梦璐)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程

关键词: 材料, 壳聚糖, 纳米, 药物载体, 药物递送, 应用, 生物相容性, 制备, 交联, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Polycationic chitosan drug carriers have shown good prospects in improving the effectiveness, utilization and security of existing drug delivery methods.
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of chitosan-based nano drug carriers in recent years.
METHODS: Computer was utilized to retrieve recently published articles in PubMed, CNKI and Elsevier Science Direct databases with key words “chitosan, nano, drug delivery, carrier” in Chinese and English. The time of publication was limited from 1994 to October 2020. The articles were primarily screened by reading and analyzing to exclude duplicate and low-relevance articles, and finally 54 articles were selected for result analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, the research of chitosan as a drug delivery carrier has made significant progress. Both in vitro cell experiments and animal experiments have confirmed that it has a good drug encapsulation rate and can effectively release drugs, with the help of chitosan’s good bioadhesive properties, it can achieve drug delivery across the barrier (such as the blood-brain barrier), and achieve targeted drug delivery to a certain extent. According to different needs, the chitosan-based composites are different in molecular weight, shape, particle size distribution, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading. Even if it coated with the same drug, due to different manufacturing process or operation, there may also be differences in drug encapsulation rate, drug loading and release rate. Therefore, most of these carriers cannot be mass-produced at present. There is still a lot of work to be done for the chitosan-based nanomedicine carrier in a wide range of clinical applications, but in future research, its excellent biomedical properties may further expand its application potential.

Key words: material, chitosan, nano, drug carrier, drug delivery, application, biocompatibility, preparation, cross-linking, review

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