中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (28): 4553-4560.doi: 10.12307/2021.072

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

骨组织工程支架的进展与挑战

廖欣宇,王福科,王国梁   

  1. 昆明医科大学第一附属医院运动医学科,云南省昆明市   650032
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-21 修回日期:2020-10-24 接受日期:2020-11-21 出版日期:2021-10-08 发布日期:2021-05-21
  • 通讯作者: 王福科,主任医师,教授,昆明医科大学第一附属医院运动医学科,云南省昆明市 650032
  • 作者简介:廖欣宇,男,1996年生,湖南省长沙市人,汉族,昆明医科大学在读硕士,主要从事骨组织工程研究。
  • 基金资助:
    云南省科技厅-昆明医科大学应用基础研究联合专项基金面上项目(201701UH00095) ,项目负责人:王福科;云南省科技厅-昆明医科大学应用基础研究联合专项资金(40220127),项目负责人:王国梁

Progress and challenges of bone tissue engineering scaffolds

Liao Xinyu, Wang Fuke, Wang Guoliang   

  1. Department of Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
  • Received:2020-10-21 Revised:2020-10-24 Accepted:2020-11-21 Online:2021-10-08 Published:2021-05-21
  • Contact: Wang Fuke, Chief physician, Professor, Department of Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
  • About author:Liao Xinyu, Master candidate, Department of Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    General Project of the Joint Special Fund for Applied Basic Research of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology and Kunming Medical University, No. 201701UH00095 (to WFK); Joint Special Fund for Applied Basic Research of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology and Kunming Medical University, No. 40220127 (to WGL)

摘要:

文题释义:
骨组织工程:是指将各种分离的自体骨细胞如成骨细胞、软骨细胞或骨髓基质干细胞等,经体外培养扩增后种植在特定支架上,然后将这种细胞杂化支架植入骨缺损部位,通过生物材料、细胞和因子治疗的协同作用,在生物材料逐步降解的同时种植的骨细胞不断增殖,诱导新的功能性骨再生,从而达到修复骨组织缺损的目的。
骨组织工程支架:是指用各种材料制备一种具有优良生物相容性、在人体内可逐步被降解吸收的细胞支架,这种仿生支架能像天然骨一样为细胞提供生存所需的三维空间,使细胞获得足够的营养物质,并进行气体交换,排除废物,细胞能够在支架上按预制形态生长,最终修复骨缺损。

背景:骨组织工程支架由于其无限制的供应和无疾病传播,被认为是传统骨移植的一种潜在替代物,然而,骨组织工程支架由于一些局限性或挑战性还没有进入临床实践。
目的:讨论骨支架的临床和力学要求,总结各种支架所采用的生物材料以及骨组织工程支架领域面临的挑战及未来走向。 
方法:以“bone tissue engineering,bone scaffold,biomaterials,bone histology,bone defect, bone repair”为英文检索词,以“骨组织工程,骨支架,生物材料,骨组织学,骨缺损,骨修复”为中文检索词,运用计算机在CNKI、万方数据库、PubMed 数据库检索有关于骨组织工程支架的相关文献,时间要求为2005至2020年,并进行系统的归纳、总结和分析,对骨组织工程支架的研究新进展及挑战进行全面阐述。
结果与结论:目前骨组织工程支架制备中主要使用的有天然衍生生物材料、人工合成生物材料和金属材料,这些材料已被用于制造仿生支架,以支持骨组织生长和再生。骨组织工程支架材料的研究虽然取得了很大的进展,但骨组织工程真正应用于临床仍有许多关键的障碍有待清除。今后研究的重点是寻找一些与人自体骨组织结构、性能相类似的材料,并对其进行仿生设计,从而研制出与人自体骨结构、性能相似的组织工程人工骨。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8107-7864 (廖欣宇)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料口腔生物材料纳米材料缓释材料材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 材料, 骨组织工程, 支架材料, 骨缺损, 骨修复, 骨组织学, 临床要求, 羟基磷灰石, 胶原, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone tissue engineering scaffolds are considered as a potential alternative to traditional bone grafting due to their unlimited supply and lack of disease transmission. However, bone tissue engineering scaffolds have not entered clinical practice due to some limitations or challenges.
OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical and mechanical requirements of bone scaffolds, summarize the biomaterials used in various scaffolds and the challenges and future trends in the field of bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
METHODS: Search words were “bone tissue engineering, bone scaffolding, biomaterials, bone histology, bone defect, bone repair” in English and Chinese. Relevant literature on bone tissue engineering scaffolds published from 2005 to 2020 was searched by computer in CNKI, Wanfang database, and PubMed database. Systematic summary, summary and analysis were conducted to comprehensively describe the new progress and challenges in the research on bone tissue engineering scaffolds. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, natural derived biomaterials, synthetic biomaterials and metal materials are mainly used in the preparation of bone tissue engineering scaffolds. These materials have been used in the manufacture of bionic scaffolds to support the growth and regeneration of bone tissue. Although great progress has been made in the research of scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering, there are still many key obstacles to be cleared for the real application of bone tissue engineering in clinical practice. The future research focus is to find some materials similar to human autogenous bone tissue structure and performance, and carry out bionic design on them, so as to develop tissue engineered artificial bone similar to human autogenous bone structure and performance.

Key words: bone, materials, bone tissue engineering, scaffold materials, bone defects, bone repair, bone histology, clinical requirements, hydroxyapatite, collagen, review

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