中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (15): 2416-2422.doi: 10.12307/2024.387

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

生物医用支架仿生设计及在组织工程中的应用

梁  辰,朱同贺,朱忆尧,李瑞芝   

  1. 上海工程技术大学化学化工学院,上海市  201620
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-12 接受日期:2023-07-08 出版日期:2024-05-28 发布日期:2023-09-23
  • 通讯作者: 朱同贺,副教授,上海工程技术大学化学化工学院,上海市 201620
  • 作者简介:梁辰,男,2000年生,河南省安阳市人,汉族,在读硕士,主要从事生物功能材料方面的研究。

Biomimetic design of biomedical scaffolds and their application in tissue engineering

Liang Chen, Zhu Tonghe, Zhu Yiyao, Li Ruizhi   

  1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
  • Received:2023-04-12 Accepted:2023-07-08 Online:2024-05-28 Published:2023-09-23
  • Contact: Zhu Tonghe, Associate professor, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
  • About author:Liang Chen, Master candidate, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China

摘要:


文题释义:

生物医用支架:将工程学、仿生学及再生医学等原理进行结合,通过组织工程技术使用生物活性材料构建而成的一类支架,是临床用于治疗大面积组织损伤、缺损及坏死的方法之一,有望作为自体移植或异体移植的最佳代替治疗手段之一。
仿生设计:通过生物材料类型的选择、合理成型加工技术的使用、精准可控的结构的设计,并根据细胞生物学、细胞力学等理论,仿生真实细胞外基质微环境对生物医用支架进行设计。


背景:基于解剖学对生物组织功能与结构的认识,对于具有恢复、维持或改善组织功能的生物活性材料仿生设计是目前再生医学领域研究的热点。

目的:从生物医用支架的机械性能、三维空间结构和生化活性对细胞行为的影响进行讨论,并综述生物医用支架在组织工程领域的应用。
方法:应用计算机检索中国知网、万方、Web of Science、PubMed数据库2003年1月至2023年4月发表的文献,中文检索词为“细胞外基质,组织工程,支架,生物材料,仿生结构,机械性能,三维结构,腱骨界面,骨软骨,神经导管,人造血管;英文检索词为“extracellular matrix,tissue engineering, scaffolds,biomimetic structures,biomaterials,tendon bone interfaces,osteochondral,neural conduits,artificial blood vessels”。

结果与结论:细胞处在一个复杂且动态变化的三维环境中,因此细胞外基质是生物材料模拟的最终目标,在设计生物医用支架的仿生结构时需要与其所处真实的微环境相似,让细胞可以正常地贴壁、生长和迁移,并保持其多样的生理功能。生物医用支架在机械性能、三维空间结构以及生物化学性质方面对细胞外基质的仿生设计可以对组织修复过程中的细胞起到决定性作用,从而影响组织修复最后的结果。进行仿生设计的生物医用支架在腱骨界面、骨软骨界面、神经、血管再生等领域已有广泛的应用,在临床上提供了一个有前途的新思路。

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7031-4963(梁辰)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料口腔生物材料纳米材料缓释材料材料相容性组织工程

关键词: 细胞外基质, 生物医用支架, 组织工程, 仿生设计, 三维结构, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Biomimetic design of bioactive materials to restore, maintain or improve the function of tissue based on the understanding of anatomy on the function and structure of biological tissue is a research hotspot in the field of regenerative medicine at present.
OBJECTIVE: To discuss the effect of mechanical properties, three-dimensional spatial structure, and biochemical activity of biomedical scaffolds on cell behavior and review the application of biomedical scaffolds in the field of tissue engineering. 
METHODS: The articles published in CNKI, Wanfang, Web of Science, and PubMed databases from January 2003 to April 2023 were searched by computer. The Chinese search terms were “extracellular matrix, tissue engineering, scaffolds, biomaterials, biomimetic structures, mechanical properties, three-dimensional structures, tendon-bone interface, osteochondral, neural conduits, artificial blood vessels”. English search terms were “extracellular matrix, tissue engineering, scaffolds, biomimetic structures, biomaterials, tendon bone interfaces, osteochondral, neural conduits, artificial blood vessels”. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cells are in a complex and dynamic three-dimensional environment, so the extracellular matrix is the ultimate target of biomaterial simulation. The bionic structure of biomedical scaffolders needs to be similar to the real microenvironment, so that cells can stick to the wall, grow and migrate normally, and maintain their diverse physiological functions. Biomimetic design of extracellular matrix in terms of mechanical properties, three-dimensional spatial structure, and biochemical properties of biomedical scaffolds can play a decisive role in tissue repair, thus affecting the final result of tissue repair. Biomimetic biomedical scaffolds have been widely used in tendon-bone interface, bone cartilage interface, nerve, vascular regeneration, and other fields, providing a promising new idea in clinical practice.

Key words: extracellular matrix, biomedical scaffold, tissue engineering, biomimetic design, three-dimensional structure, review

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