中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (7): 1083-1090.doi: 10.12307/2024.123

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

物理因子促进干细胞的成骨分化

王姗姗1,2,舒  晴2,田  峻1,2   

  1. 1武汉体育学院运动医学院,湖北省武汉市   430079;2武汉大学中南医院康复医学科,湖北省武汉市   430071
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-17 接受日期:2023-03-14 出版日期:2024-03-08 发布日期:2023-07-17
  • 通讯作者: 田峻,华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院博士,主任医师,硕士生导师,武汉体育学院运动医学院,湖北省武汉市 430079;武汉大学中南医院康复医学科,湖北省武汉市 430071
  • 作者简介:王姗姗,女,1999年生,湖南省古丈县人,土家族,武汉体育学院2022级在读硕士。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(82174494),项目负责人:田峻

Physical factors promote osteogenic differentiation of stem cells

Wang Shanshan1, 2, Shu Qing2, Tian Jun1, 2   

  1. 1School of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China; 2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
  • Received:2023-01-17 Accepted:2023-03-14 Online:2024-03-08 Published:2023-07-17
  • Contact: Tian Jun, MD, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, School of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
  • About author:Wang Shanshan, Master candidate, School of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82174494 (to TJ)

摘要:


文题释义:

干细胞成骨分化:干细胞存在于多种成体组织中,包括皮肤、肌肉、骨髓和脂肪,在体外不同条件下来诱导分化成骨、软骨及其他结缔组织,因其来源广泛、分离无创伤、较低的免疫原性及生长周期短等特点,是组织工程种子细胞的重要来源。

骨组织工程:是指用各种材料制备一种具有优良生物相容性、在人体内可逐步被降解吸收的细胞支架,这种仿生支架能像天然骨一样为细胞提供生存所需的三维空间,使细胞获得足够的营养物质,并进行气体交换,排除废物,细胞能够在支架上按预制形态生长,最终修复骨缺损。


背景:针对骨缺损传统修复方法的局限性,干细胞广泛应用于再生医学的研究。化学性因子是当前的研究热点,但是近年来的研究证实,国内外应用物理因素调控干细胞分化的研究不断深入,物理因子联合生物支架在骨组织工程中为解决骨缺损修复难题提供了一种新的思路和方法,具有良好的发展前景。
目的:就物理因子如电磁场、超声等对干细胞成骨分化的分子机制以及信号通路的调控、在骨组织工程中应用的可行性等方面做一总结。
方法:应用计算机检索中国知网和PubMed数据库中近20年的相关文献,在标题和摘要中以“干细胞,骨缺损,成骨分化,电磁场,超声,冲击波,低强度激光,机械力,骨组织工程”或“stem cell,osteoporosis,osteogenic differentiation,Electromagnetic Fields,Ultrasound,Bone Tissue Engineering”为检索词进行检索,对相关文章94篇进行综述分析。

结果与结论:①物理因子作为一种无创、非接触的辅助疗法对骨组织工程有着显著影响,在调控干细胞的成骨分化、促进细胞的增殖以及在骨工程支架内的生存能力方面有着积极作用。②除了激活信号通路和成骨基因转录外,物理因子还可以改善血管化、增加支架中形成的骨的体积、面积和厚度,可以促进骨整合,提高骨支架再生健康骨组织的成功率。③然而,将物理因子用于骨组织工程的研究均采用不同的实验条件,如支架类型、细胞类型及干预条件等,无法直接进行比较以确定最佳参数设置,在临床应用中,这些不同干预对促进骨折愈合的有效性研究结果也缺乏一致性,因此未来还需要进一步确定物理因子用于骨组织工程的最佳参数。④总体而言,物理因子作为一种理想的辅助疗法,在与各种生物材料结合并应用于骨组织工程方面具有巨大的潜力。

https://orcid.org/0000-0006-5453-0607 (王姗姗);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3053-5001 (田峻) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 干细胞, 骨缺损, 成骨分化, 电磁场, 超声, 冲击波, 低强度激光, 机械力, 骨组织工程

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In response to the limitations of traditional repair methods for bone defects, stem cells are widely used in the research of regenerative medicine. Chemical factors are the current research hotspots, but recent studies confirm that the application of physical factors to regulate stem cell differentiation at home and abroad has been intensifying, and physical factors combined with biological scaffolds in bone tissue engineering provide a new idea and method for solving the difficult problem of bone defect repair, with good development prospects.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the molecular mechanisms of physical factors such as electromagnetic fields and ultrasound on osteogenic differentiation of stem cells as well as the regulation of signaling pathways and the feasibility of their application in bone tissue engineering. 
METHODS: A computerized search of the CNKI and PubMed for the last 20 years was conducted. In the title and abstract, we used “stem cell, bone defect, osteogenic differentiation, electromagnetic fields, ultrasound, shock wave, low-level laser therapy, mechanical force, bone tissue engineering” in Chinese and “stem cell, osteoporosis, osteogenic differentiation, electromagnetic fields, ultrasound, bone tissue engineering” in English as search terms. A total of 94 relevant articles were included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) As a non-invasive, non-contact adjuvant therapy, physical factors have a significant impact on bone tissue engineering, and have a positive effect on regulating osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, promoting cell proliferation and viability in bone engineering scaffolds. (2) In addition to activating signaling pathways and osteogenic gene transcription, physical factors can also improve vascularization, increase the volume, area and thickness of bone formed in the stent, promote osseointegration, and improve the success rate of bone scaffolds in regenerating healthy bone tissue. (3) However, the use of physical factors for bone tissue engineering uses different experimental conditions, such as scaffold type, cell type, and intervention conditions, and cannot be directly compared to determine the best parameter settings. There is also a lack of consistency in the effectiveness of these different interventions in promoting fracture healing in clinical use. Therefore, it is necessary to further determine the optimal parameters of physical factors for bone tissue engineering in the future. (4) In general, as an ideal adjuvant therapy, physical factors have great potential in combining with various biomaterials and applying them in bone tissue engineering. 

Key words: stem cell, bone defect, osteogenic differentiation, electromagnetic field, ultrasound, shock wave, low-level laser therapy, mechanical force, bone tissue engineering

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