中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (7): 1076-1082.doi: 10.12307/2024.112

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

细胞外囊泡携带非编码RNA调控破骨细胞的活化

刘建宏1,廖世杰1,李波香2,唐生平1,韦帧翟1,丁晓飞1   

  1. 1广西医科大学第一附属医院创伤骨科手外科,广西壮族自治区南宁市   530021;2广西医科大学附属民族医院骨外科,广西壮族自治区南宁市   530001
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-10 接受日期:2023-03-24 出版日期:2024-03-08 发布日期:2023-07-17
  • 通讯作者: 刘建宏,男,1997年生,广西壮族自治区玉林市人,广西医科大学第一附属医院在读硕士,主要从事小儿骨科疾病及细胞外囊泡研究。
  • 作者简介:丁晓飞,博士,主任医师,广西医科大学第一附属医院创伤骨科手外科,广西壮族自治区南宁市 530021

Extracellular vesicles carrying non-coding RNA regulate the activation of osteoclasts

Liu Jianhong1, Liao Shijie1, Li Boxiang2, Tang Shengping1, Wei Zhendi1, Ding Xiaofei1   

  1. 1Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Ethnic Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2023-02-10 Accepted:2023-03-24 Online:2024-03-08 Published:2023-07-17
  • Contact: Liu Jianhong, Master candidate, Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Ding Xiaofei, MD, Chief physician, Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China

摘要:


文题释义:

细胞外囊泡:又称胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EVs),是一种由细胞释放到细胞外基质的双层脂质膜结构的微小囊泡,主要分为外泌体(直径30-120 nm)、膜微粒(直径100-1 000 nm)、凋亡小体(直径800-5 000 nm)等几种,它们作为细胞间通讯的载体,包含了多种蛋白质、脂质、细胞器、非编码RNA、编码RNA、DNA等。
非编码RNA:即ncRNA(non-coding RNA),非编码RNA一般分丰度较恒定的组成性非编码RNA及丰度随内外源性因素变化而改变的调控性非编码RNA两类,前者包括tRNA、rRNA、snRNA、snoRNA、scRNA等;后者包括miRNA,piRNA,siRNA、lncRNA和circRNA 等。非编码RNA不参与蛋白质的编码,但其参与基因表达调控及转录后调控过程并发挥重要作用。


背景:目前已证明破骨细胞活化在骨骼系统相关疾病中发挥着重要的作用,胞外囊泡携带非编码RNA调控破骨细胞活化的机制仍未完全阐明。

目的:阅读并总结国内外相关文献,按细胞外囊泡中不同的非编码RNA在不同疾病中调控破骨细胞活化进行综述,为后续研究提供一定的方向。
方法:以“非编码RNA,miRNA,lncRNA,circRNA,snoRNA,破骨细胞,细胞外囊泡,外泌体,膜微粒,凋亡小体”为检索词检索中国知网、万方、维普等数据库,以“extracellular vesicles,exosome,microparticle,apoptotic bodies,non-coding RNA,miRNA,lncRNA,circRNA,snoRNA,osteoclast”为检索词检索PubMed等数据库,最终纳入71篇文献进行综述。

结果与结论:①破骨细胞的活化受多种因素影响,其中非编码RNA调控破骨细胞活化的具体机制尚未明确。②细胞外囊泡可以由成骨细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、肿瘤细胞等多种细胞分泌,作为细胞间通讯的一种载体,能够携带非编码RNA对破骨细胞活化进行调控。③目前关于细胞外囊泡携带非编码RNA调控破骨细胞活化的疾病研究中,多数为骨质疏松,其次为肿瘤骨转移,而非编码RNA的种类又以miRNA最多。④细胞外囊泡携带长链非编码RNA、环状RNA及核仁小RNA调控破骨细胞活化的相关研究相对较少,其调控机制主要为竞争性内源RNA机制。⑤综上,深入研究细胞外囊泡携带非编码RNA对破骨细胞活化的调控机制,有助于找到治疗骨骼系统相关疾病的关键靶点。

https://orcid.org/0000-0007-2010-6901 (刘建宏) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 细胞外囊泡, 非编码RNA, miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, snoRNA, 破骨细胞

Abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that osteoclast activation plays an important role in skeletal system-related diseases. The mechanism of regulation of osteoclast activation by extracellular vesicles carrying non-coding RNA has not been fully elucidated.
OBJECTIVE: To review and summarize relevant literature in and outside China, and to review the regulation of osteoclast activation by different non-coding RNAs in extracellular vesicles in different diseases, so as to provide a certain direction for subsequent research.
METHODS: “Non-coding RNA, miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, snoRNA, osteoclasts, extracellular vesicles, exosome, microparticle, apoptotic bodies” were used as search terms to search the databases of CNKI, WanFang, and VIP. “Extracellular vesicles, exosome, microparticle, apoptotic bodies, non-coding RNA, miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, snoRNA, osteoclast” were used as search terms to search PubMed. Finally, 71 articles were included.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The activation of osteoclasts is affected by many factors, among which the specific mechanism of non-coding RNA regulating osteoclast activation is not clear. (2) Extracellular vesicles can be secreted by osteoblasts, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, tumor cells and other cells. As a carrier of intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles can carry non-coding RNA to regulate osteoclast activation. (3) In the current studies on the regulation of osteoclast activation by extracellular vesicles carrying non-coding RNA, most of the diseases are osteoporosis, followed by tumor bone metastasis, and most types of non-coding RNA are miRNA. (4) There are relatively few studies on the regulation of extracellular vesicles carrying lncRNA and circRNA and snoRNA on osteoclast activation, and the regulatory mechanism is mainly ceRNA mechanism. (5) In conclusion, an in-depth study of the regulatory mechanism of extracellular vesicles carrying non-coding RNA on osteoclast activation is helpful to find key targets for the treatment of skeletal system-related diseases.

Key words: extracellular vesicle, non-coding RNA, miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, snoRNA, osteoclast

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