中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (7): 1130-1136.doi: 10.12307/2023.905

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

缝隙连接蛋白43经典与非经典作用在疾病治疗中的潜在价值

诸葛晓萱1,李  策2,包广洁1,康   宏2   

  1. 1西北民族大学口腔医学国家民委重点实验室,甘肃省兰州市   730030;2兰州大学口腔医学院,甘肃省兰州市   730000
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-17 接受日期:2023-02-08 出版日期:2024-03-08 发布日期:2023-07-17
  • 通讯作者: 包广洁,硕士,教授,硕士生导师,西北民族大学口腔医学国家民委重点实验室,甘肃省兰州市 730030 康宏,博士,教授,硕士生导师,兰州大学口腔医学院,甘肃省兰州市 730000
  • 作者简介:诸葛晓萱,女,2001年生,湖南省衡阳市人,汉族,主要参与颞下颌关节盘组织工程研究。 李策,男,1997年生,河南省南阳市人,汉族,兰州大学2021级口腔修复学专业在读硕士,主要从事颞下颌关节盘组织工程研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81660189),项目负责人:包广洁;甘肃省自然科学基金(21JR7RA161),项目负责人:包广洁;西北民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费(31920220013),项目负责人:包广洁;国家级大学生创新创业训练计划资助项目(202110742055),项目负责人:诸葛晓萱

Potential value of canonical and non-canonical roles of connexin 43 in disease treatment

Zhuge Xiaoxuan1, Li Ce2, Bao Guangjie1, Kang Hong2   

  1. 1Key Lab of Stomatology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China; 2School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
  • Received:2022-10-17 Accepted:2023-02-08 Online:2024-03-08 Published:2023-07-17
  • Contact: Bao Guangjie, Master, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Key Lab of Stomatology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China Kang Hong, MD, PhD, Professor, Master’s supervisor, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
  • About author:Zhuge Xiaoxuan, Key Lab of Stomatology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China Li Ce, Master candidate, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81660189 (to BGJ); Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province, No. 21JR7RA161 (to BGJ); Basic Research Funds of Central Universities of Northwest Minzu University, No. 31920220013 (to BGJ); National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students, No. 202110742055 (to ZGXX)

摘要:


文题释义:

缝隙连接:为多细胞生物维持组织代谢稳态平衡的屏障结构,由胞质内合成的缝隙连接蛋白六聚体通过细胞间半通道相互嵌合作用构成联通相邻细胞间物质交换的通道,允许分子质量小于1 000 Da的氨基酸、葡萄糖、各种离子、ATP、二磷酸腺苷、环磷酸腺苷、三磷酸肌醇、谷胱甘肽和谷氨酸等于细胞间转移。
缝隙连接蛋白43:人类组织中研究最多、分布最广泛的连接蛋白亚型,为构成缝隙连接的关键蛋白,最早发现于心肌细胞,常以跨膜蛋白形式分布于多种细胞,由4个保守的α-螺旋跨膜结构域、2个胞外环、一个胞质环和胞质氨基(NT)端和羧基端(CT)结构域组成,参与组成半通道与缝隙连接。


背景:缝隙连接蛋白43在维持组织代谢稳态平衡中发挥着重要作用,传统观点认为它参与了缝隙连接过程,为细胞与细胞之间建立直接的物质信号交换通道奠定结构基础。而近年来研究对于其独特的半通道作用提出了新的看法,并发现了其亚细胞定位、自身片段等对于细胞生理活动及病理过程的重要意义。

目的:综述数据库中相关文献,系统性总结缝隙连接蛋白43分子特征及在多种细胞表达的研究进展,重点阐述通道依赖性与非通道依赖性缝隙连接蛋白43的生理与病理作用,并探讨其在疾病治疗中的潜在价值。
方法:分别设置“gap junction,connexin 43 (Cx43),hemichannel,channel-dependent Cx43,channel-independent Cx43,extracellular vesicles(EVs),mitochondria,GJA1-20k”为英文关键词,以“缝隙连接,缝隙连接蛋白43,半通道,通道依赖性Cx43,非通道依赖性Cx43,线粒体,细胞外囊泡,GJA1-20k”为中文关键词,分别在PubMed数据库及中国知网数据库进行文献检索,最终共入选81篇文献进行综述分析。

结果与结论:①缝隙连接蛋白43的经典作用即构成缝隙连接通道,通道依赖性缝隙连接蛋白43主要可通过直接构成缝隙连接通道参与组织器官的生理或病理过程,应充分关注其结构和功能的完整性,而黏附是缝隙连接的重要特性,与屏障障碍类疾病密切相关。②缝隙连接蛋白43的非经典作用即非缝隙连接通道依赖性作用,缝隙连接蛋白43六聚体目前被发现定位于质膜、线粒体内膜和细胞外囊泡表面等结构,参与炎性疾病的正向促炎机制、线粒体功能代谢和细胞外囊泡的靶向摄取等,选择性截短片段则参与全长连接蛋白43靶向转运至胞内各结构域过程,并且通过促使线粒体周围肌动蛋白聚合,调控线粒体稳态。③以上两种作用为开发靶向治疗药物及基于组织工程技术的治疗手段中种子细胞转化机制等问题的解决提供了新思路,但现存的一些原始研究常不能全面考虑不同形式缝隙连接蛋白43的相互作用,从而混杂地描述了其总体特征,使得研究结果产生偏差。④未来研究需要系统地构架不同形式存在的缝隙连接蛋白43的生理特性及在各疾病中的潜在机制,为缝隙连接蛋白43完整性机制探索及多疾病的诊断和治疗提供参考依据。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-7750 (诸葛晓萱);https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-5183 (李策) ;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5364-3235 (包广洁);https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-225X (康宏)
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 缝隙连接, 缝隙连接蛋白43, 半通道, 通道依赖性Cx43, 非通道依赖性Cx43, 线粒体, 细胞外囊泡, GJA1-20k

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Connexin 43 (Cx43), which is thought to be engaged in the gap junction process and build the structural groundwork for the development of direct material signaling channels between cells, is crucial for maintaining the homeostatic balance of tissue metabolism. Recent research, however, has revealed fresh information about its distinct hemichannel function and highlighted the significance of its subcellular localization and self-fragmentation for cellular physiological activities and pathological processes.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically summarize the molecular characteristics and expression of Cx43 in a variety of cells, concentrate on the pathological and physiological roles of channel-dependent Cx43 and channel-independent Cx43, and investigate the potential value in disease treatment by reviewing the pertinent literature in the database.
METHODS: The Chinese and English keywords were “gap junction, connexin 43 (Cx43), hemichannel, channel-dependent Cx43, channel-independent Cx43, extracellular vesicles (EVs), mitochondria, GJA1-20k”, which were searched in PubMed and CNKI. Finally, 81 articles were selected for review. 

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The canonical role of Cx43 is to form a gap junction channel. Channel-dependent Cx43 has primarily involved in disease physiopathological processes by directly constituting gap junction channels, but full attention should be paid to the issue of its structural and functional integrity. Adhesion is a crucial characteristic of gap junctions, which are strongly associated with barrier-like diseases. (2) The non-canonical role of Cx43 is non-gap junction channel-dependent effect. In addition to being localized at the plasma membrane, inner mitochondrial membrane, extracellular vesicle surface, and other structures, Cx43 hexamer has also been found to play a role in positive pro-inflammatory mechanisms, mitochondrial functional metabolism, and targeted uptake of extracellular vesicles in inflammatory diseases. Selective shortened segments control mitochondrial homeostasis by encouraging the polymerization of peri-mitochondrial actin and are involved in the targeted translocation of full-length Cx43 to intracellular structural domains. (3) The development of targeted medicines and the solving of issues like the mechanism of seed cell transformation in tissue engineering-based therapies are both made possible by these two categories of impacts. The interactions of various types of Cx43, however, are frequently not fully taken into account in some of the existing original studies, which confuses the overall characteristics and skews the results. (4) It is necessary to systematically frame the physiological characteristics of Cx43 in different forms and its potential mechanisms in various diseases, so as to provide a reference for the exploration of the Cx43 integrity mechanism and the diagnosis and treatment of multiple diseases.

Key words: gap junction, connexin 43, hemichannel, channel-dependent Cx43, channel-independent Cx43, mitochondria, extracellular vesicle, GJA1-20k

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