中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (24): 3845-3851.doi: 10.12307/2023.672

• 干细胞外泌体 Stem cell exosomes • 上一篇    下一篇

星形胶质细胞来源细胞外囊泡促进大鼠神经干细胞向神经元的分化

蔡  闯,黄永辉,曹兴兵,孙海涛,贯世豪,黄文康,韩  博   

  1. 江苏大学附属医院,江苏省镇江市   212000
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-20 接受日期:2022-10-11 出版日期:2023-08-28 发布日期:2023-01-18
  • 通讯作者: 黄永辉,硕士,主任医师,江苏大学附属医院,江苏省镇江市 212000
  • 作者简介:蔡闯,男,1997 年生,江苏省南京市人,汉族,江苏大学在读硕士,主要从事脊髓损伤方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    镇江市科技项目(SH2020053),项目负责人:黄永辉

Astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles promote the differentiation of rat neural stem cells into neurons

Cai Chuang, Huang Yonghui, Cao Xingbing, Sun Haitao, Guan Shihao, Huang Wenkang, Han Bo   

  1. Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2022-07-20 Accepted:2022-10-11 Online:2023-08-28 Published:2023-01-18
  • Contact: Huang Yonghui, Master, Chief physician, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Cai Chuang, Master candidate, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Zhenjiang Science and Technology Project, No. SH2020053 (to HYH)

摘要:

文题释义:

细胞外囊泡:指由母细胞释放的膜性细胞外囊泡样物质,简称细胞外囊泡,内含与其来源细胞相关的DNA、RNA、生长因子、蛋白质、脂类等多种物质,参与细胞间通讯、细胞迁移分化、血管新生和免疫调节等多方面功能调控。
细胞分化:指细胞由一种类型逐渐转变为在形态、结构、生理功能等多方面与来源细胞不同的其他类群的过程。这一功能可以使生物体具有更高效的代谢能力、对环境更强的适应性及对于损伤的代偿能力。

背景:神经干细胞具有向神经元分化的潜能,已有报道表示星形胶质细胞与神经元存在密切联系,而有关星形胶质细胞来源细胞外囊泡是否具有促进神经干细胞向神经元高效分化的作用,仍未见相关报道。
目的:探索星形胶质细胞来源细胞外囊泡诱导促进神经干细胞向神经元分化的可能性。
方法:①体外培养大鼠神经干细胞及星形胶质细胞,行细胞形态及免疫荧光鉴定,进一步提取星形胶质细胞来源细胞外囊泡,并通过透射电镜、粒径分析、Western blot等方法进行鉴定;②将第3代神经干细胞分2组,分别加入同体积的PBS、星形胶质细胞来源细胞外囊泡(质量浓度为1 mg/mL )干预6 d;③通过免疫荧光、qRT-PCR和Western blot检测星形胶质细胞来源细胞外囊泡干预后神经元标志物的表达水平。

结果与结论:①显微镜下神经干细胞形态为球形,以细胞团状分布,免疫荧光示特征性标志物CD133、Nestin呈高表达水平;②显微镜下星形胶质细胞形态为不规则星状,且免疫荧光示特征性标志物胶质纤维酸性蛋白呈高表达水平;③星形胶质细胞来源细胞外囊泡形态近似圆形或椭圆形杯状,动态光粒子散射仪显示直径在10-200 nm 之间,Western blot示细胞外囊泡相关标志物CD63及TSG101表达阳性;④相比PBS组,星形胶质细胞来源细胞外囊泡组可见神经干细胞大量贴壁分化,分化细胞胞体饱满,有明显突起,主要呈神经元样,且微管蛋白β3及神经丝蛋白200呈高表达(P < 0.05);⑤以上结果提示,星形胶质细胞来源细胞外囊泡可促进神经干细胞向神经元分化。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2569-8607 (蔡闯) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程


关键词: 神经干细胞, 星形胶质细胞, 细胞外囊泡, 中枢神经系统疾病, 神经元, 分化, 脊髓损伤, 神经修复

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Neural stem cells have the potential to differentiate into neurons. It has been reported that astrocytes are closely related to neurons, but whether astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles can promote the efficient differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons has not been reported.  
OBJECTIVE: To explore the possibility of inducing and promoting neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells from extracellular vesicles derived from astrocytes.
METHODS: (1) Rat neural stem cells and astrocytes were cultured in vitro and identified by cell morphology and immunofluorescence. Astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles were further extracted and identified by transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis, western blot assay and other methods. (2) Passage 3 neural stem cells were divided into two groups: Neural stem cells were treated with the same volume of PBS and astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (1 mg/mL) for 6 days. (3) The expression levels of neuron markers after astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicle intervention were detected by immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR and western blot assay.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Under the microscope, neural stem cells were spherical in shape and distributed in cell clusters. Immunofluorescence showed that the characteristic markers CD133 and Nestin were highly expressed.  (2) Astrocyte morphology was irregular stellate under the microscope, and immunofluorescence showed that the characteristic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein was highly expressed.  (3) The shape of astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles was round or oval cup and 10-200 nm in diameter by dynamic light particle scatterer. Western blot assay showed positive expression of CD63 and TSG101, related markers of extracellular vesicles.  (4) Compared with PBS group, astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicle group showed a large number of adherent differentiation of neural stem cells, and the differentiated cells were plump and obvious protrusions, which were mainly neuron-like, and the expression of tubulin β3 and neurofilament 200 was high (P < 0.05).  (5) These results suggest that astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles can promote the differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons.

Key words: neural stem cell, astrocyte, extracellular vesicle, central nervous system disease, neuron, differentiation, spinal cord injury, nerve repair

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