中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (5): 747-752.doi: 10.12307/2024.312

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

非交联透明质酸分子质量降解的机制及影响因素

李佳琪1,2,黄元礼1,李  妍3,王春仁1,韩倩倩1   

  1. 1中国食品药品检定研究院,北京市  102629;2中国药科大学,江苏省南京市  210000;3北京渼颜空间生物医药有限公司,北京市  100025
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-11 接受日期:2023-04-28 出版日期:2024-02-18 发布日期:2023-08-16
  • 通讯作者: 韩倩倩,博士,研究员,中国食品药品检定研究院,北京市 102629
  • 作者简介:李佳琪,女,1996年生,河北省承德市人,汉族,中国药科大学在读硕士,主要从事软组织修复医用材料研究。 黄元礼,男,1985年生,北京市人,汉族,主要从事无源医疗器械安全有效性评价等工作。
  • 基金资助:
    科技部十四五重点研发专项(2022YFC2401800),项目负责人:王春仁

Mechanism and influencing factors in molecular weight degradation of non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid

Li Jiaqi1, 2, Huang Yuanli1, Li Yan3, Wang Chunren1, Han Qianqian1   

  1. 1National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; 2China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China; 3Beijing MeiYan Kong Jian Biology Medicine Co., Ltd., Beijing 100025, China
  • Received:2023-02-11 Accepted:2023-04-28 Online:2024-02-18 Published:2023-08-16
  • Contact: Han Qianqian, PhD, Researcher, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
  • About author:Li Jiaqi, Master candidate, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China Huang Yuanli, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
  • Supported by:
    Key Research & Development Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology during the “14th Five-Year Plan” Period, No. 2022YFC2401800 (to WCR)

摘要:


文题释义:

透明质酸:是一种由β-D-葡糖醛酸和N-乙酰β-D-葡糖胺单元交替通过β-1,4和β-1,3糖苷键连接在一起的非硫酸化线性阴离子多糖,也是细胞外基质的主要成分,具有优良好的生物相容性、可降解性、抗炎活性与低免疫原性,在生物医学、药物递送及化妆品等领域有广泛应用。
流变性质:是指物质在外力作用下的变形与流动性质,主要指加工过程中应力、形变、形变速率和黏度之间的联系。


背景:不同分子质量的透明质酸其结构、理化性质(如流变性质)与生物活性有较大差异,当非交联透明质酸降解程度过大,由高分子质量透明质酸降解为低分子质量透明质酸时,产品的性质与生物功能也会随之改变,从而对产品使用造成影响。

目的:综述非交联透明质酸分子质量降解机制以及分子质量降解对非交联透明质酸结构、流变性质、生物活性和应用的影响。
方法:由第一作者检索PubMed、中国知网数据库和其他数据库中收录的与透明质酸分子质量相关的文献,根据纳入与排除标准筛选相关度高的优质文献后。检索时间为2017年1月至2022年12月,英文检索词为“hyaluronic acid,non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid,molecular weight,degradation,structure,rheological properties,biological activity”,中文检索词为“透明质酸,非交联透明质酸,分子量,降解,结构,流变性质,生物活性”,最终纳入47篇文献进入综述分析。

结果与结论:①非交联透明质酸主要通过特异性酶解作用和非特异性自由基降解作用两种途径实现体内分子质量降解。②非交联透明质酸分子质量降解会改变其结构与流变性质,造成聚合物网络结构解开,黏性、黏弹性等流变性质降低,机械性能下降,从而影响产品的实际应用效果。③非交联透明质酸的生物活性具有分子质量依赖性,不同分子质量透明质酸的生物活性不同,甚至高分子质量透明质酸和低分子质量透明质酸与同一受体结合会表现出完全相反的生物效应。④非交联透明质酸分子质量降解会降低产品的安全性和有效性,影响产品的使用寿命与应用性能,最终影响临床应用效果。⑤非交联透明质酸作为可降解生物材料在伤口愈合、组织工程及美容医学等领域具有极高的应用潜力,深入研究与理解非交联透明质酸分子质量降解特性与生物活性之间的关联也是更好地开发伤口敷料、药物递送系统与组织工程支架等领域应用的前提。⑥但目前针对非交联透明质酸分子质量降解的相关研究较少,对于如何有效避免在临床应用时非交联透明质酸分子质量降解带来的潜在风险尚不明确。⑦因此,对于非交联透明质酸在应用过程中分子质量降解引发的一系列潜在风险,包括对于其结构、性质及生物活性的影响以及由此对机体造成的改变是今后需密切关注的方向之一。

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2712-6928(李佳琪)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料口腔生物材料纳米材料缓释材料材料相容性组织工程

关键词: 非交联, 透明质酸, 分子质量, 降解, 结构, 流变性质, 生物活性, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The structure, physical and chemical properties (such as rheological properties) and biological activity of hyaluronic acid with different molecular weights are quite different. When the degradation degree of non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid is too large and the high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid is degraded to low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid, the properties and biological functions of the product will also change, which will affect the use of the product.
OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanism of molecular weight degradation of non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid and the impacts of molecular weight degradation on the structure, rheological properties, biological activity and applications of non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid.
METHODS: The first author searched the articles related to the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid collected in PubMed, CNKI database and other databases. The high-quality articles with high correlation were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search time was from January 2017 to December 2022. The Chinese and English search terms were “hyaluronic acid, non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid, molecular weight, degradation, structure, rheological properties, biologic activity”. Finally, 47 articles were included for review and analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The molecular weight of non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid is mainly degraded by specific enzymatic hydrolysis and non-specific free radical degradation. (2) The molecular weight degradation of non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid will change its structure and rheological properties, resulting in the untie of polymer network structure, the decrease of rheological properties such as viscosity and viscoelasticity, and the decrease of mechanical properties, which will eventually affect the practical application effect of the product. (3) The biological activity of non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid is molecular weight dependent, and the biological activity of different molecular weight hyaluronic acid is different. Even the same receptor combined with high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid and low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid will express completely opposite biological effects. (4) The degradation of molecular weights of non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid will reduce the safety and efficacy of the products, affect their service life and application performance, and ultimately influence the clinical application results. (5) Non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid has great potential as a biodegradable biomaterial in wound healing, tissue engineering, aesthetic medicine and other fields, and further research and understanding of the correlation between molecular weight degradation of non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid and bioactivity is a prerequisite for better development of wound dressings, drug delivery systems and tissue-engineered scaffolds. (6) However, there are currently few studies on the molecular weight degradation of non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid, and it is unclear how to effectively avoid the potential risks associated with the molecular weight degradation of non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid in clinical applications. (7) Therefore, a series of potential risks associated with the molecular weight degradation of non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid during its application, including the effects on its structure, properties and biological activity, and the resulting changes on the body, is one of the future directions that need to be closely investigated. 

Key words: non-cross-linked, hyaluronic acid, molecular weight, degradation, structure, rheological property, biological activity, review

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