中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (9): 1450-1456.doi: 10.12307/2024.041

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

组织工程技术在股骨头坏死治疗中的应用及前景

陈凯佳1,刘景云1,曹  宁2,孙建波2,周  燕3,梅建国4,任  强1,2   

  1. 1滨州医学院附属医院骨关节外科,山东省滨州市   256600;2中国石油大学(华东)材料与工程学院,山东省青岛市   266580;3华东理工大学,上海市   200237;4山东滨州畜牧兽医研究所,山东省滨州市   256600
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-10 接受日期:2023-04-22 出版日期:2024-03-28 发布日期:2023-07-26
  • 通讯作者: 任强,博士,副主任医师,滨州医学院附属医院骨关节外科,山东省滨州市 256600;中国石油大学(华东)材料与工程学院,山东省青岛市 266580
  • 作者简介:陈凯佳,男,1998年生,山东省博兴县人,汉族,滨州医学院在读硕士,主要从事骨关节与运动医学方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(2017WS040),项目负责人:任强;2020年产学合作协同育人项目(202002204024),项目负责人:任强;滨州医学院徐荣祥再生医学发展计划项目(BY2019XRX04),项目负责人:任强

Application and prospect of tissue engineering in treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Chen Kaijia1, Liu Jingyun1, Cao Ning2, Sun Jianbo2, Zhou Yan3, Mei Jianguo4, Ren Qiang1, 2   

  1. 1Department of Bone Joint, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256600, Shandong Province, China; 2School of Materials and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong Province, China; 3East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; 4Shandong Binzhou Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou 256600, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2023-03-10 Accepted:2023-04-22 Online:2024-03-28 Published:2023-07-26
  • Contact: Ren Qiang, MD, Associate chief physician, Department of Bone Joint, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256600, Shandong Province, China; School of Materials and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Chen Kaijia, Master candidate, Department of Bone Joint, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256600, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Shandong Province Medical and Health Technology Development Plan Project, No. 2017WS040 (to RQ); 2020 Industry-University Collaborative Education Project, No. 202002204024 (to RQ); Xu Rongxiang Regenerative Medicine Development Plan Project of Binzhou Medical University, No. BY2019XRX04 (to RQ)

摘要:


文题释义:

组织工程技术:种子细胞、生物支架材料、细胞因子是组织工程学研究的3大要素,利用外源性或内源性种子细胞、具有良好生物相容性和可降解性的生物支架和有活性的细胞因子进行缺损骨组织的重建,通过有效的生物力学效应为骨坏死区提供有力支撑,并利用细胞因子的作用促进成骨细胞分化增殖和毛细血管修复再生,从而完成坏死骨组织的再生和血管系统修复。
股骨头坏死:又称股骨头缺血性坏死,是一种多因素进展性致残性疾病。其病因复杂,包括创伤损伤、糖皮质激素治疗、大量酗酒、镰刀细胞性贫血、减压病、高脂血症、凝血功能异常等。当前股骨头坏死的诊疗主要依据ARCO分期及患者自身情况决定,对于ARCO分期为Ⅰ、Ⅱ期的患者,主要采用制动与适当牵引、药物治疗、髓芯减压术、自体骨移植、骨组织工程移植等方法,旨在减轻疼痛以期延缓骨坏死的进展;对于ARCO分期为Ⅲ、Ⅳ期股骨头塌陷的患者,往往采用人工髋关节置换来缓解患者的髋部疼痛症状。


背景:股骨头坏死早期多采用植骨类保髋手术治疗,其中自体骨与异体骨是常用的植骨材料,但自体骨移植创伤性大且供骨来源有限,异体骨虽来源丰富,但存在严重的免疫排斥反应和吸收风险。近年来,以间充质干细胞为基础的组织工程技术是治疗股骨头坏死的新方法,经过基础实验和临床应用的检验,正逐渐得到广泛应用。

目的:综述组织工程技术在股骨头坏死治疗中的应用及前景,为临床治疗股骨头坏死提供新的选择。
方法:由第一作者检索2013-2023年的PubMed数据库和中国知网,英文检索词为“tissue engineering,mesenchymal stem cells,biological scaffolds,cytokines,osteonecrosis of the femoral head,bone graft,hip preservation”,中文检索词为“组织工程,间充质干细胞,生物支架,细胞因子,股骨头坏死,植骨,保髋”,选择运用组织工程技术治疗股骨头坏死方面的文献,根据纳入与排除标准对所有文章进行初筛后,共纳入55篇代表性文献进行综述。

结果与结论:①随着生物技术与材料学的不断发展,骨组织工程技术治疗股骨头坏死己取得较大进展,例如基因修饰的间充质干细胞修复骨坏死、基因重组技术及表面改性技术与骨组织工程的结合在股骨头坏死治疗中的应用等;②组织工程技术应用于坏死股骨头时可促进坏死骨组织再生和血管系统的修复,同时为坏死区域提供生物力学稳定性,并且利用生物活性因子促进种子细胞的修复作用,完成坏死区新生骨的再生;③但目前这些研究大多数尚处于动物实验阶段,骨组织工程研究仍存在许多未解决的问题和挑战,随着纳米技术、组织工程学和临床医学的快速发展,性能完善的仿生替代植骨材料将有望诞生;④在未来应用骨组织工程技术治疗股骨头坏死有望成为一种令人满意的治疗方式,给保髋患者带来福音。

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0545-9855 (陈凯佳) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 组织工程, 间充质干细胞, 生物支架, 细胞因子, 股骨头坏死, 植骨, 保髋

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a common orthopedic disease, and hip preservation surgery with bone grafting is commonly used in the early stage, in which autologous bone and allograft bone are commonly used as bone grafting materials. However, autologous bone transplantation is highly traumatic and bone supply is limited, and allograft bone is rich in sources, but there are serious risks of immune rejection and absorption. In recent years, the tissue engineering technique based on mesenchymal stem cells is a new method for the treatment of femoral head necrosis, which is gradually widely used after basic experiments and clinical application.
OBJECTIVE: To review the application and prospect of tissue engineering in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head to provide a new choice for the clinical treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
METHODS: The PubMed database and CNKI database from 2013 to 2023 were searched by the first author with Chinese and English search terms “tissue engineering, mesenchymal stem cells, biological scaffolds, cytokines, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, bone graft, hip preservation”. The articles on the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head with tissue engineering technology were selected, and 55 representative articles were included for review after the initial screening of all articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) With the continuous development of biotechnology and materials science, great progress has been made in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head by bone tissue engineering, such as the application of gene-modified mesenchymal stem cells to repair osteonecrosis, the combination of gene recombination technology and surface modification technology with bone tissue engineering in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. (2) When applied to the necrotic femoral head, tissue engineering technology can promote the regeneration of necrotic bone tissue and the repair of the vascular system, provide biomechanical stability for the necrotic area, and use bioactive factors to accelerate the repair of seed cells to complete the regeneration of new bone in necrotic area. (3) However, most of these studies are still in the animal experiment stage, and there are still many unsolved problems and challenges in bone tissue engineering research. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, tissue engineering and clinical medicine, biomimetic replacement bone grafting materials with perfect performance are expected to come into being. (4) In the future, bone tissue engineering for osteonecrosis of the femoral head is expected to be a satisfactory treatment for patients with hip preservation.

Key words: tissue engineering, mesenchymal stem cell, biological scaffold, cytokine, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, bone graft, hip preservation

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