中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (6): 862-867.doi: 10.12307/2023.909

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

股骨颈骨折空心钉内固定后股骨近端骨质疏松的有限元分析

薛晓峰1,魏永康2,乔晓红1,杜玉勇1,牛建军1,任立新1,杨慧峰1,张治民1,郭  媛2,陈维毅2   

  1. 1山西省吕梁市人民医院,山西省吕梁市   033000;2太原理工大学生物医学工程学院,山西省太原市   030000
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-23 接受日期:2023-01-29 出版日期:2024-02-28 发布日期:2023-07-11
  • 通讯作者: 乔晓红,博士,主任医师,山西省吕梁市人民医院,山西省吕梁市 033000
  • 作者简介:薛晓峰,男,1979年生,山西省临县人,汉族,2008年山西医科大学毕业,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事骨科创伤、关节和运动医学研究。 魏永康,男,1995年生,河南省商丘市人,汉族,太原理工大学在读硕士,主要从事肌骨系统生物力学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    山西省科学技术厅基金资助(201903D321150),项目负责人:乔晓红

Finite element analysis of osteoporosis in proximal femur after cannulated screw fixation for femoral neck fracture

Xue Xiaofeng1, Wei Yongkang2, Qiao Xiaohong1, Du Yuyong1, Niu Jianjun1, Ren Lixin1, Yang Huifeng1, Zhang Zhimin1, Guo Yuan2, Chen Weiyi2   

  1. 1Lvliang People’s Hospital, Lvliang 033000, Shanxi Province, China; 2College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2022-11-23 Accepted:2023-01-29 Online:2024-02-28 Published:2023-07-11
  • Contact: Qiao Xiaohong, MD, Chief physician, Lvliang People’s Hospital, Lvliang 033000, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Xue Xiaofeng, Master, Associate chief physician, Lvliang People’s Hospital, Lvliang 033000, Shanxi Province, China Wei Yongkang, Master candidate, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    a grant from Shanxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology, No. 201903D321150 (to QXH)

摘要:


文题释义:

股骨颈骨折空心钉内固定术:是指采用3枚空心钉呈正三角形或倒三角形排列、平行分散内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的一种手术方式,能够使股骨颈骨折端保持相对稳定。空心钉固定治疗股骨颈骨折的优点有创伤小、可经过皮肤直接操作、固定效果较好、手术操作难度较小、空心结构能够显著降低关节腔内压力,并具有动力加压作用,有利于骨折顺利愈合。
有限元法:是一种为求解偏微分方程边值问题近似解的数值技术。求解时对整个问题区域进行分解,每个子区域都成为简单的部分,这种简单部分就称作有限元。该方法在经过近几十年的高速发展已经较为成熟,被广泛应用于肌骨系统生物力学相关分析中。


背景:股骨颈骨折空心钉内固定术后由于患肢短期内常常不能负重,且高刚度的内植物对骨折断端存在应力遮挡效应,易导致患肢出现骨质疏松,股骨近端生物力学分布发生变化,术后股骨头坏死发病率较高,目前关于股骨颈骨折术后股骨近端骨质疏松对股骨近端及空心钉生物力学影响的研究较少。

目的:通过有限元分析探讨股骨颈骨折术后发生骨质疏松对空心钉内固定治疗的生物力学影响,探究生物力学因素在股骨头坏死进程中的作用。
方法:获取1例股骨颈骨折患者股骨CT扫描数据,利用Mimics 19.0、3-Matic、UG 11.0、Hypermesh 14.0、Abaqus软件建立空心钉治疗股骨颈骨折的股骨近端模型,利用Abaqus软件分析1种术后股骨近端无骨质疏松、3种术后股骨近端骨质疏松的有限元模型,测量分析4种模型不同部件的应力、接触压力、位移峰值及云图,对比分析股骨头内部应力变化及分布情况。

结果与结论:股骨头及下前空心钉的应力、接触压力随骨质疏松程度变化较大,4种模型的位移峰值随着骨质疏松程度加重而缓慢增长。通过单因素方差分析,结果显示骨质疏松程度对不同部件的应力、接触压力、位移峰值无显著性影响,股骨头内部应力分布随骨质疏松发生相应变化,股骨近端的生物力学环境变化对股骨头坏死有着重要影响。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8344-6715 (薛晓峰) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 股骨, 股骨颈骨折, 空心钉, 内固定术, 骨质疏松, 股骨头坏死, 生物力学, 有限元

Abstract: BACKGROUND: After the internal fixation of cannulated screws in femoral neck fractures, because the affected limb is often unable to bear weight in the short term and the implants with high stiffness have a stress shielding effect on the fracture end, it is easy to cause osteoporosis of the affected limb and changes in the biomechanical distribution of the proximal femur, the incidence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head is high after surgery. At present, few studies have been conducted on the biomechanical effects of osteoporosis at the proximal end of the femur occurring after femoral neck fracture surgery on femoral neck fracture treated with cannulated screws.  
OBJECTIVE: Using finite element analysis, to investigate the biomechanical effects of osteoporosis occurring after femoral neck fracture surgery on femoral neck fracture treated with cannulated screws and explore the role of biomechanical factors in osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
METHODS: Based on the obtained CT scan data of the femur in a patient with a femoral neck fracture, a proximal femoral model for internal fixation for femoral neck fracture was established by Mimics 19.0, 3-Matic, UG 11.0, Hypermesh 14.0, and Abaqus software. One finite element model of the proximal femur without osteoporosis and three finite element models of the proximal femur with osteoporosis were analyzed using Abaqus software. The stress, contact pressure, displacement peak and cloud map under different components of the four models were measured and analyzed, and the internal stress changes and distribution of the femoral head were compared and analyzed.  

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The stresses and contact pressures of the femoral head and lower anterior cannulated screws varied more with the degree of osteoporosis. The peak displacement of the four models increased slowly with the degree of osteoporosis. By one-way analysis of variance, there was no significant effect of the degree of osteoporosis on the peak stress, contact pressure, and displacement of the different components. The internal stress distribution of the femoral head changed with the degree of osteoporosis. Changes in the biomechanical environment of the proximal femur have an important impact on osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Key words: femur, femoral neck fracture, cannulated screw, internal fixation, osteoporosis, femoral head necrosis, biomechanics, finite element

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