中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (6): 879-885.doi: 10.12307/2023.797

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

胫骨远端骨折伴软组织损伤3种不同微创固定方式的有限元分析

王明明1,2,张  中1,孙建华1,赵  刚2,3,宋  华1,颜华东1,吕  彬2,3   

  1. 1济宁医学院附属滕州市中心人民医院骨科,山东省滕州市   277500;2山东大学,山东省济南市   250100;3济南市中心医院骨科,山东省济南市   250013
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-15 接受日期:2023-01-18 出版日期:2024-02-28 发布日期:2023-07-12
  • 通讯作者: 孙建华,硕士,副主任医师,济宁医学院附属滕州市中心人民医院骨科,山东省滕州市 277500
  • 作者简介:王明明,男,1985年生,山东省滕州市人,汉族,山东大学在读博士,主治医师,主要从事创伤救治及生物力学基础研究。
  • 基金资助:
    中以国际创伤修复研究中心基金项目(26020211731804),项目负责人:赵刚

Finite element analysis of three different minimally invasive fixation methods for distal tibial fractures with soft tissue injury

Wang Mingming1, 2, Zhang Zhong1, Sun Jianhua1, Zhao Gang2, 3, Song Hua1, Yan Huadong1, Lyu Bin2, 3   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital Affiliated to Jining Medical University, Tengzhou 277500, Shandong Province, China; 2Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, China; 3Department of Orthopedics, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2022-11-15 Accepted:2023-01-18 Online:2024-02-28 Published:2023-07-12
  • Contact: Sun Jianhua, Master, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital Affiliated to Jining Medical University, Tengzhou 277500, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Wang Mingming, Doctoral candidate, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital Affiliated to Jining Medical University, Tengzhou 277500, Shandong Province, China; Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    China Israel International Wound Repair Research Center Fund Project, No. 26020211731804 (to ZG)

摘要:


文题释义:

新型逆行胫骨髓内钉:其主钉呈远端弯曲的香蕉形,远端由3枚交锁钉、近端有2枚交锁钉形成多轴心的固定物。微创由内踝远端置入,具有远端段的角度稳定锁定,置入时基本不受胫骨髓腔形态的影响,同时无顺行髓内钉髌骨前疼痛、脂肪栓塞的风险。
外置接骨板技术:将股骨远端外侧锁定接骨板置于胫骨内侧面、皮肤表面作为外固定物,能最大限度地减少软组织损伤,用于软组织条件差或者开放性的胫骨骨折。其具有低剖面和角度稳定性,不需要跨踝关节固定,很容易隐藏在正常衣服下,可早期进行功能锻炼。


背景:伴软组织损伤胫骨远端骨折的治疗一直具有挑战性,新型逆行胫骨髓内钉是一种新的选择。目前关于新型逆行胫骨髓内钉、顺行髓内钉、外置接骨板之间的生物力学性能研究未见报道。

目的:通过有限元分析方法,探讨新型逆行胫骨髓内钉、顺行髓内钉、外置接骨板治疗伴软组织损伤胫骨远端骨折的生物力学稳定性,为临床应用提供科学参考。
方法:利用1名42岁健康男性的胫骨CT数据,通过相关软件建立胫骨远端横行骨折的有限元模型,根据骨折的固定原则,构建新型胫骨逆行髓内钉、胫骨顺行髓内钉、外置股骨远端外侧接骨板固定有限元模型。使用ANSYS 2019软件进行网格划分、施加载荷、数据处理,比较各模型胫骨和内固定的应力分布及位移情况。

结果与结论:①3组模型的骨折端位移量随着载荷的增大而增加;所有模式载荷中,逆行髓内钉组位移最小,外置接骨板组次之,顺行髓内钉组平均位移最大;在800 N垂直载荷中,各组位移差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);其余载荷模式下各组无显著性差异;②不同载荷模式下3组模型中胫骨应力均表现为胫骨中段最高,向近、远端缓慢过渡降低;胫骨干部位应力分布均呈现逆行髓内钉组最高、外置接骨板组次之、顺行髓内钉组应力最小的情况;③不同载荷模式下3组模型中胫骨应力集中部位的应力,外置接骨板组明显高于另外两组,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05);④不同载荷条件下3组模型中固定物的应力值,外置接骨板组最大,逆行髓内钉组次之,顺行髓内钉组最小;不同载荷条件下3组固定物应力集中部位的应力差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05);⑤提示3种固定方式均具有良好的抗旋转能力及轴向稳定性,其中新型胫骨逆行髓内钉具有更好的生物力学稳定性。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2743-3629 (王明明) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 胫骨远端骨折, 微创, 逆行钉, 髓内钉, 外置接骨板, 有限元分析, 生物力学, 软组织损伤

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of distal tibial fractures with soft tissue injury has always been challenging, and the new retrograde tibial nailing is a new choice. Up to now, there were few reports on the biomechanical properties between the new retrograde tibial nailing, anterograde intramedullary nailing and supercutaneous locking plate. 
OBJECTIVE: To explore the biomechanical stability of new retrograde tibial nailing, antegrade intramedullary nailing and supercutaneous locking plate in the treatment of distal tibial fractures with soft tissue injury using finite element analysis so as to offer a scientific foundation for clinical application.
METHODS: The finite element model of transverse distal tibia fracture was established by relevant software utilizing the CT data of the tibia from a 42-year-old healthy male. Retrograde tibial nailing, antegrade intramedullary nailing and supercutaneous locking plate finite element models were assembled under the principle of fracture fixation. Finally, meshing, applying loads, and data processing were accomplished with the ANSYS 2019 software. Moreover, the stress distribution and displacement of the tibia and internal fixation of each model were compared.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The displacement of fracture end in the three groups increased with the increase of load. In all mode loads, the average displacement of the fracture end was the least in the retrograde tibial nailing group, followed by the supercutaneous locking plate group, and the highest in the antegrade intramedullary nailing group. At 800 N vertical load, the displacement difference of the fracture end was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no statistical significance in other load modes. (2) Under different loads, the tibial stress in the three groups was the highest in the middle of the tibia, and gradually decreased to the proximal and distal ends. The stress distribution of the tibial shaft was the highest in the retrograde tibial nailing group, followed by the supercutaneous locking plate group, and the least in the antegrade intramedullary nailing group. (3) Under different loads, the stress of the tibial stress raiser in the three groups was significantly higher in the supercutaneous locking plate group than in the other two groups, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). (4) Under different loads, the stress of the fixators in the three groups was the largest in the supercutaneous locking plate group, followed by the retrograde tibial nailing group, and the minimum in the antegrade intramedullary nailing group. There were significant differences in the stress of fixator stress raiser among the three groups under different loading modes (P < 0.05). (5) It is indicated that all three fixation methods have the good anti-rotation ability and axial stability. Retrograde tibial nail shows better biomechanical stability.

Key words: distal tibial fracture, minimal invasive, retrograde nailing, intramedullary nailing, supercutaneous locking plate, finite element analysis, biomechanics, soft tissue injury

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