中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (6): 891-899.doi: 10.12307/2023.710

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

基于三点力原理对足内翻矫形器矫正效果的有限元分析

宁天亮1,王  坤1,王领彪2,韩鹏飞1   

  1. 1内蒙古工业大学机械工程学院,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市   010000;2内蒙古自治区康复辅助器具中心,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市   010000
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-26 接受日期:2022-11-16 出版日期:2024-02-28 发布日期:2023-07-12
  • 通讯作者: 王坤,博士,副教授,内蒙古工业大学机械工程学院,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市 010000
  • 作者简介:宁天亮,男,1997年生,山东省济南市人,汉族,内蒙古工业大学在读硕士,主要从事康复医疗和生物力学工程研究。
  • 基金资助:
    2021年内蒙古工业大学科研启动金项目(DC2200000931),项目负责人:王坤;2022年内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(JY20220026),项目负责人:王坤

Finite element analysis on correction effect of varus foot orthosis based on the three-point force principle

Ning Tianliang1, Wang Kun1, Wang Lingbiao2, Han Pengfei1   

  1. 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; 2Rehabilitation Aids Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2022-09-26 Accepted:2022-11-16 Online:2024-02-28 Published:2023-07-12
  • Contact: Wang Kun, PhD, Associate professor, School of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Ning Tianliang, Master candidate, School of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    Scientific Research Start-Up Fund Project of Inner Mongolia University of Technology in 2021, No. DC2200000931 (to WK); Basic Scientific Research Fund Project of Universities Directly under the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2022, No. JY20220026 (to WK)

摘要:


文题释义:

足内翻:是一种复杂的足踝畸形,主要表现为后足外缘可着地,而后足内缘和前足内侧无法正常触地,下肢生物力线对线异常等症状,轻微内翻和中度内翻患者可通过踝足矫形器等医疗辅具进行辅助矫正,而严重者则需通过手术治疗。

三点力学:是各类矫形器矫正与预防畸形和促进骨折术后康复的主要方法,包括冠状面、水平面等多个三点力系统联合作用,并根据三点力原理给予适当的施力方向和压力载荷来压迫足踝畸形骨骼,使其恢复下肢生物力线正常对线。


背景:三点力学是踝足矫形器矫正与预防足部各类疾病的有效方法,目前关于3D打印踝足矫形器的临床应用研究已普遍存在,但其涉及三点力学矫正的数值模拟与有限元分析报道相对较少,缺乏相关生物力学实验验证。
目的:通过有限元法对踝足矫形器与足部复合模型进行三点力加载分析,观察在三点力干预下佩戴踝足矫形器的足部矫正效果,验证三点力的有效性及踝足矫形器的可靠性。
方法:基于医学图像处理软件Mimics构建1例健康志愿者足踝三维模型,采用Rodin 4D与Geomagic逆向工程软件对各模型进行优化处理,设计个性化踝足矫形器模型。利用Solidworks软件对足踝模型进行内侧翻转10°以模拟足内翻病态,通过ANSYS软件结合三点力学原理对足部施力区进行静力加载,在满足人体足部痛阈时分析足踝各组织形变与应力变化,利用显示动力学进一步验证踝足矫形器施加三点力的有效性。

结果与结论:①设计的个性化踝足矫形器具有预防足踝内翻和固定作用,在未穿戴踝足矫形器时,受到1 N•m内翻载荷后足踝内翻1.81 mm,而穿戴踝足矫形器后仅为0.44 mm,变形率降低75.7%,预防内翻效果明显增强;②仅冠状面矫正时,跟骨力系过小会加剧患者前足内翻,调整足跟内侧与内踝上方矫正力后,前足内翻角与跟骨位得到改善,但足部内侧趾骨区仍有不同程度内收移位,会加剧患者前足内收畸形;③冠状面、水平面两组三点力系统联合作用矫正效果优于单冠状面,表现为在足跟内侧、第一跖骨干内侧、外踝下方与内踝上方的力(25,10,10,20 N)作用下,前足内侧趾骨无内收移位,前足内翻角减小,并沿X轴外翻矫正1.395 mm,跟骨外翻矫正1.227 mm,在变形比例放大云图下跟骨内翻角由10.21°矫正至7.25°,内翻角改善28.9%;④两平面三点力作用下,足底外侧跖骨负荷减小,内侧跖骨负荷增加,矫正后足底骨骼应力显著得到改善,进一步验证了三点力原理的可靠性,该研究为临床患者穿戴踝足矫形器治疗足内翻提供了重要理论支撑。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-9141 (宁天亮) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 足内翻, 三点力学, 踝足矫形器, 3D打印, 生物力学, 有限元分析, 逆向工程

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Three-point mechanics is an effective method for ankle foot orthosis correction and prevention of various foot diseases. At present, the clinical application research on 3D printing ankle foot orthosis has been widespread; however, there are relatively few reports on numerical simulation and finite element analysis involving three-point mechanical correction. There is a lack of relevant biomechanical experimental verification.  
OBJECTIVE: Three-point force was loaded to analyze the composite model of ankle foot orthosis and foot by finite element method, observing the effect of foot correction with ankle foot orthosis under three-point force intervention, verifying the effectiveness of three-point force and the reliability of ankle foot orthosis.
METHODS: A three-dimensional foot and ankle model of a healthy volunteer was constructed based on the medical image processing software Mimics. Rodin 4D and Geomagic reverse engineering software were used to optimize the models and design personalized ankle foot orthosis models. Solidworks software was utilized to turn the ankle model inside for 10° to simulate the foot varus disease. Static loading was carried out on the foot force application area by ANSYS software combined with the three-point mechanics principle. The deformation and stress changes of the foot and ankle tissues were analyzed when the human foot pain threshold was met. The display dynamics was used to further verify the effectiveness of the three-point force applied by the ankle foot orthosis.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The personalized ankle foot orthosis designed in this paper had the effect of preventing and fixing foot and ankle varus. The ankle varus was 1.81 mm after being loaded with 1 N•m of varus when not wearing ankle foot orthosis, while it was only 0.44 mm after wearing ankle foot orthosis, the deformation rate was reduced by 75.7%, and the effect of preventing varus was significantly enhanced. (2) When only coronal correction was performed, the low calcaneal force would aggravate the varus angle of the front foot. After adjusting the correction force on the inside of the heel and above the medial malleolus, the varus angle of the front foot and the calcaneus position were improved; however, the medial phalangeal region of the foot still had different degrees of adduction and displacement, which would aggravate the adduction deformity of the patient’s front foot. (3) The correction effect of the coronal plane and horizontal plane was better than that of the single coronal plane. There was no adduction and displacement of the medial phalanges of the front foot and the varus angle of the front foot decreased under the force (25, 10, 10, 20 N) of the medial heel, the medial shaft of the first metatarsal, below the lateral malleolus and above the medial malleolus, and the valgus along the X-axis was corrected by 1.395 mm, the calcaneus valgus was corrected by 1.227 mm. The calcaneus varus angle was corrected from 10.21° to 7.25°, and the varus angle was improved by 28.9%. (4) The lateral plantar metatarsal load decreased, the medial plantar metatarsal load increased under the action of a two-plane three-point force, and the plantar bone stress was significantly improved after correction. Thus, the reliability of the three-point force principle was further verified. This study provides an important theoretical support for the implementation of ankle foot orthosis in the treatment of varus in clinical practice.

Key words: varus foot, three-point mechanics, ankle foot orthosis, 3D printing, biomechanics, finite element analysis, reverse engineering

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