中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (13): 2079-2086.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2193

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

脐带间充质干细胞在骨组织工程中的应用与进展

韩宁宁,左进富,孙  淼,唐胜建,刘方军   

  1. 潍坊医学院整形外科研究所,山东省潍坊市  261000
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-11 修回日期:2020-05-16 接受日期:2020-06-17 出版日期:2021-05-08 发布日期:2020-12-29
  • 通讯作者: 刘方军,教授,硕士生导师,潍坊医学院整形外科研究所,山东省潍坊市 261000
  • 作者简介:韩宁宁,女,1994年生,山东省梁山县人,汉族,潍坊医学院在读硕士,主要从事骨缺损修复方面的研究。

Application and progress of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in bone tissue engineering

Han Ningning, Zuo Jinfu, Sun Miao, Tang Shengjian, Liu Fangjun   

  1. Plastic Surgery Institute, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2020-05-11 Revised:2020-05-16 Accepted:2020-06-17 Online:2021-05-08 Published:2020-12-29
  • Contact: Liu Fangjun, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Plastic Surgery Institute, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Han Ningning, Master candidate, Plastic Surgery Institute, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, Shandong Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
人脐带间充质干细胞:是源于新生儿脐带组织的一种多功能干细胞,具备较强的增殖、自我更新能力。同时,由于其具有多向分化潜能,成为骨、软骨、肌肉、肌腱、神经、肝、心肌等组织工程种子细胞的优良选择。目前,可从整条脐带及脐带不同组织(羊膜上皮细胞、Wharton’s jelly及脐动静脉)分别提取出间充质干细胞。
生物打印技术:采用特殊打印装置,对生物材料、活细胞及生长因子等活性因子进行程序化打印,可精确调控宏观及微观结构,最终得到三维立体组织、器官等仿生结构。此方法为细胞生物学、再生医学和组织工程重建等领域做出重要贡献。

背景:由于脐带间充质干细胞作为种子细胞具有来源广泛、取材方便、免疫原性低、成骨分化潜能及较强的增殖和自我更新能力等诸多优点,近年来关于其在骨组织工程中的应用研究越来越多。
目的:对脐带间充质干细胞在分离培养、成骨诱导及其支架等方面进行综述。
方法:由第一作者检索CNKI数据库和PubMed数据库的相关文章,检索词为“人脐带间充质干细胞,分离,培养,成骨分化,支架,骨组织工程”“human umbilical cord stem cell,culture,isolation,osteogenic differentiation,scaffold,bone tissue engineering”,查阅2004至2020年来有关的文献,最终纳入104篇文献。
结果与结论:脐带间充质干细胞的分离、培养方法不一;无血清或动物血清替代物培养体系及细胞共培养技术取得了很大进展;3D培养系统将是未来发展的方向。脐带间充质干细胞成骨诱导分化机制仍不明确,需深入研究阐明。至今,开发取长补短、性能更优的复合支架仍是研究的焦点;生物打印技术突破了微米级精确调控支架内部复杂结构打造个体化支架的难题,为骨组织工程带来巨大希望;设计和制造出具有多方面理想组成(包括生物相容性、微观及宏观高孔隙率、机械性能和相关生物可吸收性等)及减少临床治疗不良反应的支架仍是骨组织工程中的重要挑战之一。

关键词: 干细胞, 间充质干细胞, 脐带, 三维培养, 生物支架, 生物打印技术, 骨组织工程, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: As seed cells, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have many advantages, such as a broad array of sources, easy access, low immunogenicity, osteogenic differentiation potential, high proliferation and self-renewal ability. In recent years, there are more and more reports about their application for bone tissue engineering. 
OBJECTIVE: To summarize isolation, culture, osteogenic induction and scaffolds. 
METHODS: The first author searched CNKI and PubMed databases with key words of “human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, isolation, culture, osteogenic differentiation, scaffold, bone tissue engineering” in both Chinese and English, so as to review the relevant literature from 2004 to 2020. Finally, 104 articles were included. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There are different methods of isolation and culture of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Serum-free or animal serum substitute culture system and co-culture technique have made great progress, and three-dimensional culture system will be the development direction in the future. The exact mechanisms of osteogenic differentiation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells are unclear, which need further elucidation. To date, it is still the focus of researchers to develop composite scaffolds with better properties. Bio-printing technology has primarily solve the difficult problem of controlling precisely the complex inner structure of the scaffolds at the micron scale and fabricating individual scaffolds, bringing great hope for bone tissue engineering. The design and fabrication of scaffolds with multiple ideal compositions (including biocompatibility, high porosity at the micro and macro level, mechanical properties, related absorption and so on) and the less clinical side effects remain one of the key challenges in bone tissue engineering.


Key words: stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord, three-dimensional culture, bioscaffold, bioprinting technology, bone tissue engineering, review

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