中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (13): 2114-2120.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2184

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

间充质干细胞治疗脊髓损伤:细胞治疗及联合新药和生物材料

钱楠楠1,张  潜2,杨  睿1,敖  俊3,章  涛1   

  1. 遵义医科大学附属医院,1贵州省细胞工程重点实验室,3脊柱外科,贵州省遵义市   563003;2遵义医科大学基础医学院人体解剖学教研室,贵州省遵义市   563003
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-30 修回日期:2020-04-03 接受日期:2020-05-09 出版日期:2021-05-08 发布日期:2020-12-29
  • 通讯作者: 章涛,博士,教授,硕士生导师,遵义医科大学附属医院贵州省细胞工程重点实验室,贵州省遵义市 563003
  • 作者简介:钱楠楠,女,1994年生,贵州省兴义市人,汉族,遵义医科大学在读硕士,主要从事间充质干细胞治疗方向的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81960299),项目负责人:章涛;遵义医科大学学术新苗培养及创新探索专项课题(黔科合平台人才[2017]5733-029),项目负责人:张潜

Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury: cell therapy and combination of new drugs and biomaterials

Qian Nannan1, Zhang Qian2, Yang Rui1, Ao Jun3, Zhang Tao1   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering in Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China; 2Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China; 3Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2020-03-30 Revised:2020-04-03 Accepted:2020-05-09 Online:2021-05-08 Published:2020-12-29
  • Contact: Zhang Tao, PhD, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering in Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Qian Nannan, Master candidate, Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering in Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81960299 (to ZT); the Special Project of Academic New Seedling Cultivation and Innovation Exploration of Zunyi Medical University, No. Qian Ke He Platform Talents [2017]5733-029 (to ZQ)

摘要:

文题释义:
间充质干细胞:一群来源于中胚层的具有自我更新和多向分化能力的成体干细胞,镜下呈长梭形,几乎存在于所有器官和组织中,具有体外易扩增、免疫调节及分泌细胞因子等特性,被广泛用于细胞移植治疗及生物工程研究中。
脊髓损伤:脊髓受压或断裂后血供受阻,在此基础上受损组织的继发性炎症反应造成神经元、神经胶质细胞等功能细胞发生坏死或凋亡,持续的炎症反应和之后的胶质瘢痕过度形成是脊髓损伤神经功能难以恢复的主要原因。

背景:脊髓损伤治疗主要为改善损伤部位炎症微环境以及神经功能的再生和修复。间充质干细胞具有体外易扩增、可多向分化及抑制继发性炎症、免疫调节等特性,使得对包括脊髓损伤在内的各种难治性组织损伤性疾病进行间充质干细胞移植治疗成为一种极有潜力的细胞治疗方式。
目的:简述近年来间充质干细胞治疗脊髓损伤的临床前和临床研究,并提出间充质干细胞在试验研究中面临的问题和发展方向。
方法:以“间充质干细胞,脊髓损伤,细胞移植,免疫调节,联合治疗,生物材料”和“mesenchymal stem cells,spinal cord injury,cell transplantation,immunomodulation,combination therapy,biomaterial”作为检索词,检索万方数据库、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)及PubMed数据库2000至2020年发表的相关文献。
结果与结论:①不同来源的间充质干细胞在动物模型及临床试验中可发挥抗炎、诱导轴突及神经元再生的作用,有效改善受损部位的神经功能;②间充质干细胞来源外泌体在脊髓损伤动物模型中表现出免疫调节、促血管新生等作用;③为更大程度发挥间充质干细胞的潜能,进行细胞预处理、联合新药或联合生物材料等是间充质干细胞治疗脊髓损伤的研究方向。

关键词: 间充质干细胞, 脊髓损伤, 细胞移植, 免疫调节, 组织修复, 联合治疗, 生物材料, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of spinal cord injury is mainly to improve the inflammation microenvironment of the injury site, as well as the regeneration and repair of neural function. Mesenchymal stem cells have the characteristics of easy proliferation in vitro, multi-directional differentiation, and suppression of secondary inflammation and immunomodulation, which makes the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells for various refractory tissue injury diseases including spinal cord injury become a potential cell therapy. 
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the preclinical and clinical research of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury in recent years, and put forward the problems and development directions of mesenchymal stem cells in experimental research. 
METHODS: We searched the articles published in Wanfang databases, CNKI and PubMed databases from 2000 to 2020. The key words were “mesenchymal stem cells, spinal cord injury, cell transplantation, immunomodulation, combination therapy, biomaterials” in Chinese and English, respectively.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Mesenchymal stem cells from different sources play the role of anti-inflammatory, inducing axon and neuron regeneration in animal models and clinical experiments, and effectively improve the neural function of the damaged area. (2) The exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells show the effects of immunomodulation and angiogenesis in the disease model of spinal cord injury. (3) In order to maximize the potential of mesenchymal stem cells, exploring cell pretreatment, combined with new drugs or biological materials is the research direction of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury.  


Key words: mesenchymal stem cells, spinal cord injury, cell transplantation, immunomodulation, tissue repair, combined therapy, biomaterials, review

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