中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (13): 2121-2126.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3508

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

细胞外囊泡与放射性组织损伤的关系

刘  涛1,张霓霓2,黄桂林2   

  1. 1遵义医科大学,贵州省遵义市   563000;2遵义医科大学附属口腔医院颌面外科,贵州省遵义市   563000
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-05 修回日期:2020-06-13 接受日期:2020-07-11 出版日期:2021-05-08 发布日期:2020-12-29
  • 通讯作者: 黄桂林,博士,教授,遵义医科大学附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科,贵州省遵义市 563000
  • 作者简介:刘涛,男,1991年生,四川省内江市人,汉族,遵义医科大学附属口腔医院在读硕士,主要从事放射性组织(涎腺)损伤修复研究及口腔颌面外科疾病的诊治。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81760201,81960204),项目负责人:黄桂林;国家自然科学基金(81860198),项目负责人:张霓霓

Relationship between extracellular vesicles and radiation-induced tissue injury

Liu Tao1, Zhang Nini2, Huang Guilin2    

  1. 1Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China; 2Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2020-06-05 Revised:2020-06-13 Accepted:2020-07-11 Online:2021-05-08 Published:2020-12-29
  • Contact: Huang Guilin, MD, Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Liu Tao, Master candidate, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81760201 , No. 81960204 (to HGL); the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81860198 (to ZNN)

摘要:

文题释义:
细胞外囊泡:是磷脂双层膜包裹的结构,包含RNA、蛋白质、脂质、代谢物和其他分子,根据其生物发生、释放途径、大小、含量和功能,细胞外囊泡可大致分为外泌体、微泡和凋亡小体。外泌体和微泡在细胞内、细胞间的通讯中起着重要作用,包括调节免疫应答、细胞增殖、细胞迁移、血管形成和癌症进展以及组织修复再生等其他生物过程。
放射性组织损伤:包括造血系统、免疫系统、胃肠道、脑组织、肾脏、皮肤和肺等组织器官损伤。近年,利用不同来源细胞外囊泡治疗相关疾病的研究层出不穷,并显示出独特优势。细胞外囊泡携带了干细胞的生物活性物质,可替代干细胞发挥修复治疗多种器官及组织损伤的功能(如放射性组织损伤)。

背景:放射性组织损伤是癌症患者放疗后出现较为严重的不良反应之一。最近研究表明,在放射性组织损伤模型中,作为细胞间信息载体的细胞外囊泡有其两面性,一方面通过参与放射性组织损伤过程来介导组织损伤,另一方面还通过转移生物活性物质参与放射性组织损伤修复。
目的:文章综述不同来源细胞外囊泡对放射性组织损伤的危害和修复作用,阐明细胞外囊泡与放射性组织损伤的关系,将有益于探索治疗放射性组织损伤的新策略。
方法:以“细胞外囊泡,放射性组织损伤(骨、脑、肠道等),WNT信号”为中文检索词,以“radiation-induced tissue injury,extracellular vesicles,tissue repair and regeneration,vascular endothelial cells,bystander effects”为英文检索词,检索PubMed、CNKI数据库中1989至2020年的相关文献。通过阅读文题和摘要进行初步筛选,排除与文章主题不相关的文献,最终纳入 61篇文献进行结果分析。
结果与结论:细胞外囊泡是膜封闭的囊泡,在正常生理或异常病理条件下从细胞中自然释放出来。一方面,在病理状态下,放射性组织损伤离不开细胞外囊泡的介导;另一方面,载有信息分子的细胞外囊泡可以促进放射性组织损伤的修复。因此,在放射性组织损伤修复与再生领域,细胞外囊泡有潜力成为一种新兴的无细胞疗法,但是否能应用于临床,还需更多深入的研究与探索。
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3524-3865(刘涛) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 细胞外囊泡, 外泌体, 微泡, 血管内皮细胞, 放射性组织损伤, 修复, 再生, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiation-induced tissue injury is one of the more serious side effects of cancer patients after radiotherapy. Recent studies have shown that in the radiation-induced tissue injury model, extracellular vesicles as intercellular information carriers have two sides. On the one hand, they participate in the radiation-induced tissue injury process to mediate tissue damage. On the other hand, they participate in radiation-induced tissue injury repair by transferring biologically active substances. 
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the damage and repair effects of extracellular vesicles from different sources on radioactive tissue damage and to clarify the relationship between extracellular vesicles and radiation-induced tissue injury, which will be beneficial to explore new treatment strategies for radiation-induced tissue injury. 
METHODS: Databases of PubMed and CNKI were retrieved with the keywords of “extracellular vesicles, radiation-induced tissue damage (bone, brain, intestine, etc.), WNT signal” in Chinese and “radiation-induced tissue injury, extracellular vesicles, tissue repair and regeneration, vascular endothelial cells, bystander effects” in English. The retrieval time was from 1989 to 2020. After initial screening of titles and abstracts, irrelevant articles were excluded, and 61 eligible articles were included for result analysis. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Extracellular vesicles are membrane-closed vesicles that are naturally released from cells under normal physiological or abnormal pathological conditions. On the one hand, under pathological conditions, radioactive tissue damage cannot be separated from the mediation of extracellular vesicles; on the other hand, extracellular vesicles carrying information molecules can promote the repair of radioactive tissue damage. Therefore, in the field of radioactive tissue damage repair and regeneration, extracellular vesicles have the potential to become a new cell-free therapy, but whether it can be applied to clinical use requires more in-depth research and exploration.


Key words: extracellular vesicles, exosomes: microvesicles, vascular endothelial cells, radiation-induced tissue injury, repair, regeneration, review 

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