中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (7): 1071-1079.doi: 10.12307/2022.853

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

生物支架与巨噬细胞在骨再生中的相互影响及应用

杨怡天1,2,王  璐1,2,姚  蔚1,2,赵  彬1,2   

  1. 1山西医科大学口腔医院口腔修复科,山西省太原市  030000;2口腔疾病防治与新材料山西省重点实验室,山西省太原市  030000
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-15 接受日期:2021-12-13 出版日期:2023-03-08 发布日期:2022-07-19
  • 通讯作者: 赵彬,主任医师,博士生导师,山西医科大学口腔医院口腔修复科,山西省太原市 030000;口腔疾病防治与新材料山西省重点实验室,山西省太原市 030000
  • 作者简介:杨怡天,女,1995年生,山西省运城市人,汉族,山西医科大学在读硕士,主要从事骨组织工程支架及其应用方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2019L0443),项目负责人:姚蔚

Application of the interaction between biological scaffolds and macrophages in bone regeneration

Yang Yitian1, 2, Wang Lu1, 2, Yao Wei1, 2, Zhao Bin1, 2   

  1. 1Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China; 2Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2021-11-15 Accepted:2021-12-13 Online:2023-03-08 Published:2022-07-19
  • Contact: Zhao Bin, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Yang Yitian, Master candidate, Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi Province, No. 2019L0443 (to YW)

摘要:

文题释义:
生物支架材料:是一类与周围组织相适应并具有良好的物理、化学和生物特性的组织工程支架材料,具有高度模拟天然细胞外基质的结构,可搭载种子细胞、生物活性物质,根据修复组织的不同特点可构建个性化的支架体系。生物支架材料植入体内后可与周围组织互相作用,引起机体适度的免疫反应,促进材料与组织的整合。
巨噬细胞:属于一类免疫细胞,单核细胞迁移并定植在受损部位后可分化为巨噬细胞,巨噬细胞具有高度可塑性,受机体不同微环境刺激后可活化为不同表型,巨噬细胞通过吞噬作用、细胞免疫、分泌生物活性因子等多种方式发挥免疫反应。

背景:近年来通过生物支架材料修复组织缺损的方式被学者们广泛关注,作为外来植入物植入体内后引发的机体炎症反应对材料与组织的整合过程至关重要,其中巨噬细胞是炎症反应的重要参与者与调节者。因此了解生物支架与巨噬细胞之间的相互影响十分必要,将对今后设计新型支架材料具有重要的指导意义。
目的:对生物支架与巨噬细胞之间的相互作用以及二者之间动态平衡的调控相关研究进行综述。
方法:利用PubMed、Web of Science和中国知网数据库检索1971-2021年发表的相关文献。英文检索词:“macrophage polarization,M2,foreign body,tissue engineering,scaffolds,mediation,bone,degradation”;中文检索词:“巨噬细胞极化、M2、异物反应、组织工程、支架、调控、骨、降解”。对筛选出该领域最新研究进展的76篇文献进行归纳分析。
结果与结论:①免疫反应在组织再生与修复中发挥不可或缺的作用。②巨噬细胞是炎性反应的重要调节剂,它会根据不同微环境刺激极化为如促炎型或抗炎型等不同表型。一方面在炎性反应的不同阶段巨噬细胞极化的失调都将阻碍生物支架材料的整合与组织修复;促炎型巨噬细胞在生物材料植入早期的高度表达有助于材料的整合,而在炎症后期生物材料行使功能的过程中,促炎型巨噬细胞的持续高表达会阻碍新骨形成。另一方面,生物支架材料的性质(组成成分、硬度、粗糙度、表面几何形状、亲水性等)会影响巨噬细胞极化方向,如调节支架表面形貌可以在不改变支架理想理化性能的基础上,有效促进巨噬细胞向抗炎表型的巨噬细胞极化,促进组织修复。③目前,通过改变支架组成成分、制备方法、调节物理化学性能等可影响生物支架与巨噬细胞的相互作用,但如何高效并按照应用需求调控这一动态平衡,仍是今后重点关注的方向,尤其是如何将体外基础研究的理想结果成功转化到体内实际运用方面还在进一步探索。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2414-6787(杨怡天);https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-0693(赵彬) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料口腔生物材料纳米材料缓释材料材料相容性组织工程

关键词: 组织工程, 支架, 巨噬细胞, 极化, 免疫反应, 调控, 微环境, 异物反应, 降解

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, the way of repairing tissue defects with biological scaffolds has been widely concerned by scholars. As an external implant, the body inflammatory response is vital for the integration between materials and tissues, in which macrophages serve as important participants and regulators. It is necessary to understand the interaction between biological scaffolds and macrophages, which will have crucial guiding significance for the design of new scaffolds in the future. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the researches on the interaction between biological scaffolds and macrophages as well as the regulation of this dynamic balance between them.
METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI were used to search the related articles published from 1971 to 2021. The search terms were “macrophage polarization, M2, foreign body, tissue engineering, scaffolds, mediation, bone, degradation” in English and Chinese. An inductive analysis was conducted in the 76 selected articles on the latest research progress in this field.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Immune response plays an indispensable role in tissue regeneration and repair. (2) Macrophage is an important regulator of inflammatory response. It will polarize into different phenotypes such as pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory according to different microenvironment stimuli. On one hand, the imbalance of macrophage polarization in different stages of inflammatory response will hinder the integration of biological scaffold materials and tissue repair. The high expression of pro-inflammatory macrophages in the early stage of biomaterial implantation is conducive to the integration of biomaterials. In the late stage of inflammation, however, the sustained high expression of pro-inflammatory macrophages will hinder the formation of new bone. On the other hand, the properties of biological scaffolds (composition, hardness, roughness, surface geometry, hydrophilicity, etc.) will affect the polarization direction of macrophages. For example, adjusting the surface morphology of scaffolds cannot change the ideal physical and chemical properties of scaffolds, but promote effectively the polarization of macrophages towards pro-regenerative phenotype and tissue repair. (3) At present, the effect of biological scaffolds on macrophages has been realized by changing the composition, preparation methods and adjusting the physical and chemical properties of scaffolds. However, how to efficiently regulate this dynamic balance is still the focus and our key direction in the future, In particular, how to successfully translate the ideal results of basic research in vitro into practical application in vivo is still under further exploration.

Key words: tissue engineering, scaffold, macrophage, polarization, immune response, mediation, microenvironment, foreign body reaction, degradation

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