中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (7): 1117-1125.doi: 10.12307/2023.044

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

压电材料修复骨缺损的应用及设计思路

唐昊天,廖荣东,田  京   

  1. 南方医科大学珠江医院关节骨病外科,广东省广州市  510280
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-10 接受日期:2022-03-02 出版日期:2023-03-08 发布日期:2022-07-20
  • 通讯作者: 田京,医学硕士,教授,博士生导师,现任珠江医院关节骨病外科教授、外科教研室主任、临床技能中心主任。
  • 作者简介:唐昊天,男,1997年生,四川省绵阳市人,汉族,南方医科大学在读硕士,主要从事复杂骨病骨修复的组织工程治疗与临床研究。
  • 基金资助:


Application and design of piezoelectric materials for bone defect repair

Tang Haotian, Liao Rongdong, Tian Jing   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2022-02-10 Accepted:2022-03-02 Online:2023-03-08 Published:2022-07-20
  • Contact: Tian Jing, Master, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Tang Haotian, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
压电材料:某些在受到外力的作用而变形时,其内部会产生极化并使其表面产生电荷现象的晶体材料。骨作为一种天然的压电材料,通过将受到的应力转化为生物电信号,调节骨生长,结构重塑与修复。
细胞外基质:在多细胞有机体中,细胞周围由多种大分子组成的复杂网络。骨组织细胞外基质参与调节细胞黏附、增殖、分化,因此能够良好模拟细胞外基质的生物材料可促进骨修复。

骨具有压电效应,可将其所受应力转化为骨表面的电信号,通过电信号调节骨的代谢与生长。具有生物电活性的压电材料作为骨植入物能在受力时表面生成电荷,恢复损伤骨组织表面电势从而达到促进骨愈合的目的。
目的:文章从压电的角度介绍了骨的压电效应,说明压电材料促进骨缺损修复的可行性以及压电材料应用于骨组织工程的研究进展,并阐述压电材料促进成骨的机制,以期为骨缺损修复提供新的思路。
方法:以“Piezoelectric effect,Piezoelectric materials,Piezoelectric ceramic,Piezoelectric polymers,Osteogenesis,Bone tissue engineering,Scaffolds,Bone defect,energy harvester”为英文检索词,以“压电效应、压电材料、压电陶瓷、压电聚合物、成骨、骨组织工程、细胞支架、骨缺损、能量采集器”为中文检索词,在PubMed,Web of Science,ScienceDirect,中国知网和万方数据库中检索筛选出88篇文献进行归纳总结。 
结果与结论:①压电材料具有因受力形变而产电的自发电特性,能模拟骨组织的细胞外基质的生物电微环境,可制备成生物支架,在不依赖于生长因子和药物的情况下给予骨组织电刺激,增强骨修复功能,在骨缺损的治疗中具有应用前景。②压电材料通过刺激细胞电压门控钙通道、α5β1整合素、促进局部血流增加等途径促进成骨。③目前尚未发现任何单一压电材料可满足组织工程的压电材料的特征,因此压电陶瓷与压电聚合物相结合,压电材料与生物活性材料相结合的压电复合材料应运而生,其中压电陶瓷-有机物复合材料,保留了压电陶瓷的压电性能优异和生物相容性良好优点的同时更易于加工,其生物相容性和促进骨细胞贴附、矿化等功能更强,是当前治疗骨缺损效果最好的压电材料;④虽然压电材料能模拟骨组织的生物电微环境来促进成骨,但由于对压电材料影响骨细胞的机制尚未明确,以及不同骨组织微环境各不相同,因此限制了压电材料在临床的应用,随着材料研发技术的进步和对压电材料作用于细胞的研究愈发深入,压电材料有望为骨缺损的修复提供新的思路。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1346-5037(唐昊天);https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9690-3850(田京)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料口腔生物材料纳米材料缓释材料材料相容性组织工程

关键词: 压电效应, 压电材料, 压电陶瓷, 压电聚合物, 成骨, 骨组织工程, 细胞支架, 骨缺损, 能量采集器, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone has the piezoelectric effect, which can transform its stress into electrical signals on the bone surface, and regulate bone metabolism and growth through electrical signals. As bone implants, the bioelectrical piezoelectric materials can promote bone healing by generating surface charges and restoring the potential of injured tissue. 
OBJECTIVE: To introduce the piezoelectric effect of the bone, the feasibility of piezoelectric materials on promoting bone repair and research progress of piezoelectric materials applied to bone tissue engineering from the perspective of piezoelectricity and review the osteogenesis mechanism of piezoelectric materials in order to provide new ideas for bone defect repair. 
METHODS: Using “piezoelectric effect, piezoelectric materials, piezoelectric ceramic, piezoelectric polymers, osteogenesis, bone tissue engineering, scaffolds, bone defect, energy harvester” as Chinese and English search terms, 88 articles were searched and summarized on PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, CNKI and Wanfang databases. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Piezoelectric materials can simulate the bioelectric microenvironment of extracellular matrix of bone tissue due to the piezoelectric properties of generating electricity when deformed and can be made into scaffolds to enhance bone repair function without relying on growth factors or drugs by applying electrical stimulation to bone tissue. (2) Piezoelectric materials promote osteogenesis by stimulating voltage-gated calcium channel and α5β1 integrin, increasing regional blood flow and other approaches. (3) At present, no single piezoelectric material can meet the characteristics of piezoelectric materials applied to bone tissue engineering. Therefore, piezoelectric composites made from combining piezoelectric ceramics with piezoelectric polymers or bioactive materials are consequently created. Comparing with piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric composites are easier to process, demonstrating superior biocompatibility and enhanced functions of promoting bone cell adhesion and mineralization, which makes it the best piezoelectric material for the treatment of bone defects. (4) Although piezoelectric materials can simulate the bioelectric microenvironment of bone tissue to enhance osteogenesis, the mechanism of piezoelectric materials interacting with bone cells is not clear, and the microenvironment of different bone tissues is unique, which limits the clinical application of piezoelectric materials. With the further study of biomaterials and elucidation of the interaction between piezoelectric materials and cells, piezoelectric materials are expected to provide new ways for the repair of bone defects.   

Key words: piezoelectric effect, piezoelectric material, piezoelectric ceramic, piezoelectric polymer, osteogenesis, bone tissue engineering, cell scaffold, bone defect, energy harvester, review

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