中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (7): 1062-1070.doi: 10.12307/2023.103

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

口腔种植中的碳纳米材料

徐星星,文超举,孟茂花,王勤英,陈镜桥,董  强   

  1. 贵州医科大学口腔医学院/贵州医科大学附属口腔医院,贵州省贵阳市  550004
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-30 接受日期:2021-10-28 出版日期:2023-03-08 发布日期:2022-07-19
  • 通讯作者: 董强,博士,主任医师,硕士生导师,贵州医科大学口腔医学院/贵州医科大学附属口腔医院,贵州省贵阳市 550004
  • 作者简介:徐星星,1998年生,女,河南省许昌市人,贵州医科大学在读硕士。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81860192),项目负责人:董强;贵阳市科技计划项目([2017]3040);项目负责人:董强;贵州医科大学附属口腔医院口腔医学院科研基金,项目负责人:文超举

Carbon nanomaterials in oral implant

Xu Xingxing, Wen Chaoju, Meng Maohua, Wang Qinying, Chen Jingqiao, Dong Qiang   

  1. School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University/Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2021-08-30 Accepted:2021-10-28 Online:2023-03-08 Published:2022-07-19
  • Contact: Dong Qiang, MD, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University/Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Xu Xingxing, Master candidate, School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University/Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81860192 (to DQ); Guiyang Science and Technology Plan Project, No. [2017]3040 (to DQ); the Scientific Research Fund of Stomatological College of Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University (to WCJ)

摘要:

文题释义:
碳纳米材料:指分散相尺度至少有一维小于100 nm的碳材料。分散相既可以由碳原子组成,也可以由异种原子(非碳原子)组成,甚至可以是纳米孔。按空间维度受纳米尺度的约束程度可将其分为3类:零维、一维和二维碳纳米材料。
口腔种植:口腔种植学是以解剖生理为基础,研究如何应用生物材料制作人工牙根和牙冠等,修复缺失牙及周围组织,获以长期稳定性、舒适的咀嚼功能和外形的一门临床医学。

背景:随着口腔纳米材料不断的进步与发展,大量研究发现碳纳米材料在口腔种植领域有着广泛的应用。
目的:文章就碳纳米材料主要分类、结构特征、成骨、抗菌、蛋白/药物载体作用以及在口腔种植方面的相关应用作一综述。
方法:明确碳纳米材料的分类后,以“石墨烯/碳纳米管/碳纳米纤维/碳纳米材料,口腔种植/成骨AND 口腔/抗菌 AND 口腔/载药 AND 口腔”为中文检索词检索,以“Graphene/carbon nanotubes/Carbon Nanofibers/carbon nanomaterials,dental implant/osteogenesis AND oral/antibacterial AND oral/drug loaded AND oral”为英文检索词检索,由第一作者通过计算机在中国知网、万方、维普及PubMed等数据库检索1998年1月至2021年8月已发表的相关文献,部分经典文献延长检索时间限制。最终选取符合纳入标准的英文文献64篇、中文文献9篇。 
结果与结论:①碳纳米材料主要分为3类,即零维、一维和二维碳纳米材料,因其具有独特的空间结构和良好的理化性质,在种植体表面涂层、支架材料改性、载药和制备屏障膜等方面具有较大应用潜力。②此外材料的成骨和抗菌作用还有利于形成稳定的骨整合和良好的软组织封闭作用,在种植体周围炎的预防与治疗中也有一定的研究意义。③碳纳米材料种类繁多,许多研究还将碳纳米材料与其他生物分子材料功能化组合成复合材料,从而可以获得某种特性。此外,碳纳米材料本身也具备抗菌作用,石墨烯也常与其他抗菌剂(如银纳米粒子)功能化来增强抗菌性能。④综合来看,碳纳米材料中石墨烯作为典型的二维碳纳米材料,一直是口腔种植及其他领域研究的热点,其中氧化石墨烯是应用较为广泛的一类石墨烯衍生物材料。有研究发现将其应用于种植体表面改性时,对种植体周围炎的治疗及预防方面具有一定的研究意义。⑤但关于碳纳米材料诱导干细胞分化/成骨相关信号通路以及免疫调节机制的研究还不太明确,材料的细胞毒性、降解和不良反应也仍需进一步研究。⑥目前也有待研究出一种具有成本效益、可扩展性和可重复制备碳纳米材料的工艺方法和材料生物相容性的评价指标,此外也需进一步深入研究当碳纳米材料应用于植体表面涂层时,对种植体周围炎的预防与治疗意义。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8772-9552 (徐星星) ;https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8211-7138(董强)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料口腔生物材料纳米材料缓释材料材料相容性组织工程

关键词: 石墨烯, 碳纳米管, 碳纳米材料, 口腔种植, 成骨, 涂层, 抗菌, 载药, 组织工程, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: With the continuous progress and development of oral nanomaterials, a large number of studies have found that carbon nanomaterials are widely used in the field of oral implant. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the main classification, structural characteristics, osteogenesis, antibacterial, protein/drug carrier and related applications of carbon nanomaterials in oral implant.  
METHODS: After clarifying the classification of carbon nanomaterials, the Chinese search terms were “graphene/carbon nanotubes/Carbon Nanofibers/carbon nanomaterials, oral implant/osteogenesis and oral cavity/antibacterial and oral cavity/drug loaded and oral cavity”. English search terms were “Graphene/carbon nanotubes/Carbon Nanofibers/carbon nanomaterials, dental implant/osteogenesis AND oral/ antibacterial AND oral/drug loaded AND oral”. The first author searched the relevant articles published from January 1998 to August 2021 in CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and PubMed databases by computer. The search time limit of some classical articles was extended. Finally, 64 English articles and 9 Chinese articles were included according to the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Carbon nanomaterials are mainly divided into three categories: zero dimensional, one-dimensional and two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials. Because of their unique spatial structure and good physical and chemical properties, they have a great application potential in implant surface coating, scaffold material modification, drug loading, and preparation of barrier membrane. (2) In addition, the osteogenic and antibacterial effects of the material are also conducive to the formation of stable bone integration and good soft tissue sealing. It also has certain research significance in the prevention and treatment of periimplant inflammation. (3) There are many kinds of carbon nanomaterials. Many studies also functionalize carbon nanomaterials and other biomolecular materials into composites, so that some properties can be obtained. In addition, carbon nanomaterials also have antibacterial effect, and graphene is often functionalized with other antibacterial agents (such as silver nanoparticles) to enhance antibacterial performance. (4) In general, graphene, as a typical two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial, has always been a research hotspot in oral implant and other fields. Graphene oxide is a widely used class of graphene derivative materials. It is found that when it is applied to implant surface modification, it has certain research significance in the treatment and prevention of periimplant inflammation. (5) However, the research on the signaling pathway and immune regulation mechanism of stem cell differentiation/osteogenesis induced by carbon nanomaterials is not clear, and the cytotoxicity, degradation and adverse reactions of materials still need to be further studied. (6) At present, a cost-effective, scalable and repeatable process for the preparation of carbon nanomaterials and the evaluation index of material biocompatibility need to be studied. In addition, it is also necessary to further study the significance of carbon nanomaterials in the prevention and treatment of periimplant inflammation when applied to implant surface coating.

Key words: graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanomaterials, dental implant, osteogenesis, coating, antibacterial, drug carrier, tissue engineering, review

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