中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 626-631.doi: 10.12307/2022.968

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

前交叉韧带损伤与重建术后患者的足底压力及步态分析

李世浩1,李  奇2,李  震1,张媛媛2,刘苗苗1,欧阳懿1,徐卫国3   

  1. 1天津体育学院运动康复学专业,天津市   301617;天津市天津医院,2康复医学科,3创伤骨科,天津市   300211
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-01 接受日期:2022-02-12 出版日期:2023-02-08 发布日期:2022-06-23
  • 通讯作者: 徐卫国,博士,主任医师,天津市天津医院,天津市 300211
  • 作者简介:李世浩,男,1996年生,河北省邯郸市人,汉族,天津体育学院在读硕士,主要从事运动损伤的预防和康复研究。
  • 基金资助:
    天津市科技计划项目(课题)(17ZXHLSY00140),项目负责人:徐卫国

Plantar pressure and gait analysis in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction

Li Shihao1, Li Qi2, Li Zhen1, Zhang Yuanyuan2, Liu Miaomiao1, Ouyang Yi1, Xu Weiguo3   

  1. 1Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; 2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; 3Department of Traumatology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
  • Received:2022-02-01 Accepted:2022-02-12 Online:2023-02-08 Published:2022-06-23
  • Contact: Xu Weiguo, PhD, Chief physician, Department of Traumatology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
  • About author:Li Shihao, Master candidate, Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
  • Supported by:
    Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Program (Project), No. 17ZXHLSY00140 (to XWG)

摘要:

文题释义:
足底压力:能够分析和衡量异常足底负荷分布,随着足底压力仪器的变革,它对运动系统疾病的病因分析、诊断、功能及疗效评定均有重要意义,属于定量步态分析的一种。
步态分析:利用力学原理、人体解剖学和生理学知识对人体行走状态进行对比分析的一种研究方法,包括定性分析和定量分析。

背景:目前研究普遍认为前交叉韧带损伤及重建术后患者下肢步态生物力学的异常改变是患者膝骨关节炎高发生率的重要风险因素,足底压力分析作为定量步态分析的一种,对于早期识别出步态的异常变化并及时纠正具有非常重要的临床价值。
目的:综述足底压力在前交叉韧带损伤及重建术后步态分析中的应用,拟从足底压力角度阐述当前患者存在的异常步态特征,了解目前研究现状与不足,为康复方案的制定和今后的研究设计提供一些思路。
方法:检索中国知网、维普、万方和PubMed数据库,以“前交叉韧带、足底压力、步态分析”为中文检索词,以“anterior cruciate ligament,plantar pressure,gait analysis”为英文检索词,按照纳入和排除标准最终纳入41篇文献。
结果与结论:①足底压力能够评估前交叉韧带损伤及重建术后患者的步态模式,这将提供有关患者行走过程中尽量避免疼痛和膝关节不稳定的信息。②前交叉韧带损伤患者足部负荷大小、对称性以及支撑相时相特征对称性在术后1年以上均得到显著改善,但术后观察到的患侧足部过度旋前可能与前交叉韧带损伤有关。③因此,基于足底压力下的步态分析能够帮助研究者们更好地理解患者步态特征,指导术后康复的进行,有助于降低术后患者二次损伤以及膝骨关节炎的发生。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4695-9378 (李世浩)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 足底压力, 步态分析, 前交叉韧带重建术, 前交叉韧带损伤, 膝关节, 生物力学, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Current research generally believes that the abnormal changes of lower limb gait biomechanics in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction are an important risk factor for the high incidence of knee osteoarthritis in patients. As a kind of quantitative gait analysis, plantar pressure analysis has a very important clinical value for early identification of abnormal changes in gait and timely correction.
OBJECTIVE: To review the application of plantar pressure in gait analysis after anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction, to describe the abnormal gait characteristics of current patients from the aspect of plantar pressure, to understand the current research status and deficiencies so as to provide some ideas for the formulation of rehabilitation programs and research design in future research. 
METHODS: CNKI, VIP, Wanfang and PubMed databases were searched using “anterior cruciate ligament, plantar pressure, gait analysis” as Chinese and English search terms. Finally, 41 articles were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Plantar pressure can evaluate the gait pattern of patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction, which will provide information about avoiding pain and knee instability during walking. (2) The size and symmetry of foot load and the symmetry of support phase characteristics in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury were significantly improved more than 1 year after operation. However, the excessive pronation of the affected foot observed after operation may be related to anterior cruciate ligament injury. (3) Therefore, gait analysis based on plantar pressure can help researchers better understand the gait characteristics of patients and guide the progress of postoperative rehabilitation, which may help to reduce the occurrence of secondary injury and knee osteoarthritis.

Key words: plantar pressure, gait analysis, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, anterior cruciate ligament injury, knee joint, biomechanics, review

中图分类号: