中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 420-426.doi: 10.12307/2022.835

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

半月板非血供区损伤的修复方案

宁梓文,王  旭,施政良,秦艺华,王国梁,贾  笛,王  扬,李彦林   

  1. 昆明医科大学第一附属医院运动医学科,云南省昆明市  650032
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-12 接受日期:2021-11-13 出版日期:2023-01-28 发布日期:2022-05-24
  • 通讯作者: 李彦林,主任医师,教授,昆明医科大学第一附属医院运动医学科,云南省昆明市 650032
  • 作者简介:宁梓文,男,1997年生,云南省曲靖市人,汉族,昆明医科大学在读专业型硕士,主要从事运动医学临床学习。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81760403,81960409),项目负责人:李彦林;云南省医学领军人才项目(No.L-201601),项目负责人:李彦林;云南省骨关节疾病临床医学中心项目(ZX2019-03-04),项目负责人:李彦林

Meniscal injury repair methods for non-blood supply area

Ning Ziwen, Wang Xu, Shi Zhengliang, Qin Yihua, Wang Guoliang, Jia Di, Wang Yang, Li Yanlin   

  1. Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
  • Received:2021-10-12 Accepted:2021-11-13 Online:2023-01-28 Published:2022-05-24
  • Contact: Li Yanlin, Chief physician, Professor, Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
  • About author:Ning Ziwen, Master candidate, Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81760403, 81960409 (to LYL); Yunnan Provincial Medical Leadership Project, No. L-201601 (to LYL); Yunnan Provincial Bone and Joint Disease Clinical Medicine Center Project, No. ZX2019-03-04 (to LYL)

摘要:

文题释义:
半月板非血供区:半月板由于其特殊的组织结构及血供特点,分为红-红区、红-白区及白-白区,其中,红-白区及白-白区因其血供较差,统称为半月板非血供区。
微骨折术:是临床常用的用于修复软骨损伤的方法,但由于其可达到与前交叉韧带重建时制备骨道相同的作用,故现临床上也常使用微骨折术辅助半月板损伤的修复。

背景:半月板在膝关节的生物力学和软骨保护方面起着关键作用,它具有减震、维持膝关节力线稳定以及减少关节软骨磨损等多种功能,但迄今为止对于半月板红-白区及白-白区损伤的手术修复一直效果不佳,若只行单纯的半月板切除术,膝关节整体力学结构的改变易导致膝关节骨关节炎进展加快,因此,近年来国内外学者均在尝试采用不同的方式辅助半月板损伤修复,以期改善半月板非血供区损伤的修复效果,减缓患者膝关节骨关节炎的进展。
目的:总结近年来基础与临床上半月板的非血供区损伤的辅助修复方法,并对该领域未来发展前景及所面临的挑战进行了展望。
方法:采用中国知网、万方数据、PubMed和FMRS数据库进行文献检索,检索2005-2021年发表的相关文献,纳入与半月板损伤修复有关的包含临床研究及组织工程研究在内的所有文献,最终对60篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①由于半月板特殊的解剖结构,其内侧2/3的区域存在血供较差、出现损伤后难以愈合的问题,目前辅助半月板损伤修复的方法包括:微骨折术、髌下脂肪垫粉碎术、间充质干细胞、富血小板血浆以及纤维蛋白凝块。②不同的修复方式存在其各自的优劣势,微骨折术和髌下脂肪垫粉碎术作为临床应用方法,操作简便,但其操作过程中存在造成医源性损伤、引发术后疼痛及骨关节炎的可能,进一步精细化操作避免损伤的发生是临床不可避免的话题。而间充质干细胞、富血小板血浆虽然在基础研究中表现出了良好的效果,但由于其制备方法多样,运用方法不固定,且富血小板血浆在临床运用时甚至出现了完全相反的临床效果,因此,进一步研究间充质干细胞与富血小板血浆提高半月板修复潜力的机制,规范化其制备流程与运用方法仍是下一步的研究方向。③纤维蛋白凝块则在临床运用上表现出了良好的结果,但目前仍缺乏更多的相关研究。④总之,目前纤维蛋白凝块技术与髌下脂肪垫粉碎术研究内容仍较少,而富血小板血浆在临床上表现出现了两极分化现象,微骨折术与滑膜间充质干细胞的临床运用稳定,是目前较好的辅助修复方法。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4069-5524 (李彦林) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料口腔生物材料纳米材料缓释材料材料相容性组织工程

关键词: 半月板, 非血供区损伤, 修复方法, 再生, 微骨折, 间充质干细胞, 富血小板血浆, 纤维蛋白凝块, 组织工程, 临床应用

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Meniscus plays a key role in the biomechanics and cartilage protection of knee joint, and has multiple functions such as shock absorption, maintaining the stability of the knee joint force line, and reducing the wear and tear of articular cartilage. So far, the effect of surgical repair of meniscal non-blood supply area injury has been poor. If only meniscectomy is performed, the change of the overall mechanical structure of knee joint is easy to accelerate the progress of knee osteoarthritis. Therefore, in recent years, scholars are trying to use different ways to assist the repair of meniscus injury, in order to improve the prognostic effect of meniscal non-blood supply area injuries suture and slow down the progress of knee osteoarthritis. 
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the repair treatment of meniscus injury for non-blood supply area in recent years, and look forward to the future development prospect and challenges in this field.
METHODS: CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, and FMRS databases were used for literature retrieval. The retrieval range was from 2005 to 2021. All articles related to meniscus injury repair, including clinical research and tissue engineering research, were included. Finally, 60 articles were included for analysis. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Due to the special anatomical structure of the meniscus, there is a problem of poor blood supply in two-thirds of the medial area of the meniscus, which is difficult to heal after injury. The current methods of auxiliary meniscus injury repair include: microfracture, subpatellar fat pad crushing, mesenchymal stem cells, platelet-rich plasma, and fibrin clot. (2) Different repair methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. As clinical application methods, microfracture and comminution of subpatellar fat pad are easy to operate, but they may cause iatrogenic injury, postoperative pain, and osteoarthritis. Further fine operation to avoid injury is an inevitable topic in clinic. Although mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma have shown good effects in basic research, their preparation methods are diverse, their application methods are not fixed, and platelet-rich plasma even has completely opposite clinical effects in clinical application. Therefore, further studying the mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma to improve meniscus repair potential and standardizing its preparation process and application method are still the next research direction. (3) Fibrin clot has shown good results in clinical application, but there is still a lack of more relevant research. (4) In conclusion, there are still few research contents on fibrin clot technology and comminution of subpatellar fat pad, while platelet-rich plasma has appeared polarization in clinical manifestations. Microfracture and clinical application of synovial mesenchymal stem cells are stable, which is a good supplementary method at present.

Key words: meniscus, non-blood supply area, repair method, regeneration, microfracture, mesenchymal stem cell, platelet-rich plasma, fibrin clot, tissue engineering, clinical application

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