中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (19): 3083-3089.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3528

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

干细胞来源外泌体修复周围神经损伤的效应

王  康1，智晓东1，2，王  伟1，2，3   

  1. 1锦州医科大学附属第一医院骨科，辽宁省锦州市  121000；2锦州医科大学骨外科学研究所，辽宁省锦州市  121000；3辽宁省医学组织工程重点实验室，辽宁省锦州市  121000
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-07 修回日期:2020-08-11 接受日期:2020-09-15 出版日期:2021-07-09 发布日期:2021-01-14
  • 通讯作者: 王伟，博士，主任医师，教授，锦州医科大学附属第一医院骨科，辽宁省锦州市 121000；锦州医科大学骨外科学研究所，辽宁省锦州市 121000；辽宁省医学组织工程重点实验室，辽宁省锦州市 121000
  • 作者简介:王康，男，1995年生，安徽省潜山县人，汉族，锦州医科大学在读硕士，主要从事周围神经损伤修复相关研究。 智晓东，男，1973年生，辽宁省台安县人，汉族，2008年中国医科大学毕业，博士，主任医师，主要从事脊柱脊髓损伤修复相关研究。
  • 基金资助:
    辽宁省教育厅科学技术研究地方服务项目(JYTFUDF201757)，项目负责人：王伟；锦州医科大学校企合作基金项目(2020002)，项目负责人：王伟；辽宁省科学技术基金项目(20180551216)，项目负责人：智晓东

Effect of stem cell derived exosomes on repairing peripheral nerve injury

Wang Kang1, Zhi Xiaodong1, 2, Wang Wei1, 2, 3   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China; 2Institute of Orthopedics, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China; 3Liaoning Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2020-08-07 Revised:2020-08-11 Accepted:2020-09-15 Online:2021-07-09 Published:2021-01-14
  • Contact: Wang Wei, MD, Chief physician, Professor, Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China; Institute of Orthopedics, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Wang Kang, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China Zhi Xiaodong, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China; Institute of Orthopedics, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Science and Technology Research Local Service Project of Department of Education of Liaoning Province, No. JYTFUDF201757 (to WW); the School-Enterprise Cooperation Fund Project of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2020002 (to WW); the Science and Technology Fund Project of Liaoning Province, No. 20180551216 (to ZXD) 

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摘要：

文题释义：
外泌体：是细胞分泌的一种囊泡，直径40-160 nm，含有蛋白、脂质、微小RNA和长链非编码RNA等生物活性分子，并特异性表达各种蛋白质标志物，参与细胞间各种信息交流及物质交换，从而在临床治疗疾病中具有广泛的应用前景。
干细胞来源外泌体在周围神经损伤治疗方面的应用价值：干细胞来源外泌体具有与干细胞类似的强大的组织修复再生和保护能力，其旁分泌机制对神经修复过程有着积极影响，主要参与细胞间通讯并维持局部微环境的动态与静态平衡，并且还能刺激血管生成、促进轴突成长和髓鞘化，减轻局部炎症反应，调控细胞凋亡、增殖过程。因此，干细胞来源外泌体可以作为替代干细胞治疗周围神经损伤的安全有效的手段。

背景：干细胞来源外泌体携带有助于细胞间信号传导的miRNA、蛋白质等生物活性物质，对神经修复过程有着积极影响，具有类似于干细胞移植的治疗作用，可用于代替干细胞移植治疗周围神经损伤。
目的：总结干细胞来源外泌体在周围神经损伤治疗中的应用效果，为外泌体治疗周围神经损伤提供参考及依据。
方法：检索PubMed数据库中2000至2020年的相关文章，英文检索词为“peripheral nerve，injury，damage，stem cells，embryonic stem cells，induced pluripotent stem cells，mesenchymal stem cells，exosomes，repair，regenerate”，检索中国知网、维普、万方等数据库2000至2020年的相关文章，中文检索词为“周围神经，损伤，损害，干细胞，胚胎干细胞，诱导多能干细胞，间充质干细胞，外泌体，再生，修复”，对文献资料及参考文献进行逐一查阅。
结果与结论：干细胞来源外泌体具有与干细胞类似的组织修复再生和保护能力，可避免干细胞移植时出现的免疫排斥、致瘤风险等问题，且具有更好的细胞外基质结合能力，是进行“无细胞”治疗的新型策略，但是干细胞来源外泌体应用于周围神经修复仍然有许多基础性研究有待积累，与组织工程和基因工程的结合需进一步探索。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7717-4856 (王康) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程

关键词: 干细胞, 间充质干细胞, 外泌体, 周围神经损伤, 组织工程, 基因工程, 再生, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Stem cell-derived exosomes carry biologically active substances such as miRNAs and proteins that contribute to intercellular signal transduction, which have an important and positive impact on the nerve repair. They have a therapeutic effect similar to stem cell transplantation and can be used to replace stem cell transplantation for treating peripheral nerve injury. 
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application of exosomes from stem cells in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury, so as to provide reference and basis for exosomes applied in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.
METHODS: Articles in PubMed database from 2000 to 2020 were searched using the search terms of “peripheral nerve, injury, damage, stem cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, repair, regenerate.” Articles in databases of CNKI, VIP and WANFANG from 2000 to 2020 were retrieved with the search terms of “peripheral nerve, injury, damage, stem cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, repair, regenerate.” The literature and references were reviewed one by one. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Stem cell-derived exosomes exert powerful tissue repair, regeneration and protection capabilities similar to those of stem cells. Stem cell-derived exosomes are a new strategy for “cell-free” therapy, because they can avoid immune rejection, tumorigenic risks and other problems during treatment with stem cell transplantation and have better capabilities of binding extracellular matrix. However, the application of stem cell-derived exosomes in peripheral nerve research still needs a lot of basic researches to be accumulated, and the combination with tissue engineering and genetic engineering needs further exploration. 

Key words: stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, peripheral nerve injury, tissue engineering, genetic engineering, regeneration, review

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