中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (16): 2597-2604.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3081

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

3D打印金属基生物材料工艺和临床应用的问题与趋势

纪  琦,喻正文,张  剑   

  1. 遵义医科大学口腔医学院,贵州省遵义市  563099
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-17 修回日期:2020-06-20 接受日期:2020-07-30 出版日期:2021-06-08 发布日期:2021-01-07
  • 通讯作者: 张剑,副教授,硕士生导师,遵义医科大学口腔医学院,贵州省遵义市 563099
  • 作者简介:纪琦,女,1992年生,吉林省长春市人,满族,遵义医科大学在读硕士,主要从事个性化钛合金金属支架材料体外细胞生物学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省委组织部第六批人才基地建设项目《贵州省医用生物材料研发人才基地》(RCJD2018-9),项目参与者:张剑、喻正文;贵州省教育厅青年科技人才成长项目《3D打印TC4多孔钛合金耐腐蚀性能和细胞毒性研究》(黔教合KY字[2016]207),项目负责人:喻正文;遵义市科学技术局、遵义医科大学联合科技研发资金项目《3D打印TC4多孔钛合金应用于种植修复骨缺损的临床研究》[遵市科合社字(2016)45号],项目参与者:喻正文

Problems and trends of technique and clinical application of metallic biomaterials prepared by three-dimensional printing technology

Ji Qi, Yu Zhengwen, Zhang Jian   

  1. School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563099, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2020-06-17 Revised:2020-06-20 Accepted:2020-07-30 Online:2021-06-08 Published:2021-01-07
  • Contact: Zhang Jian, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563099, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Ji Qi, Master candidate, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563099, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    a grant from The Sixth Batch of Talent Base Construction Project of Organization Department of Guizhou Provincial Party Committee, No. RCJD2018-9 (to ZJ and YZW); the Youth Science and Technology Talent Growth Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education, No. KY [2016]207 (to YZW); the Joint Research and Development Fund Project of Zunyi Science and Technology Bureau and Zunyi Medical University, No. (2016)45 (to YZW)

摘要:

文题释义:
金属生物材料:指具有生物相容性的金属材料,其在与器官或组织紧密接触的同时用于替代或辅助器官或组织的一部分,与生物无机非金属材料、生物有机材料等材料相比具有较高的强度、良好的韧性、性能稳定、可靠性高、抗疲劳弯曲强、优异的加工性等优点。
三维打印:即快速成型技术的一种,也称为增材制造,是一种新型的数字化成型技术。其通过分析计算机辅助设计(CAD)模型或计算机断层成像(CT)等数据,并在计算机控制下根据逐层添加材料来制造三维立体结构物件的技术,具有个性化、精准化、成本效益高、生产周期短、材料利用率高等优势。

背景:利用新型3D打印技术克服传统工艺制作缺陷,旨在制备出具有低弹性模量、低成本、精准化等优点的个性化金属基生物材料。
目的:综述近年来金属生物3D打印技术相关研究进展。
方法:利用计算机检索PubMed、CNKI数据库中的相关文献,以“金属生物材料,金属3D打印,外科植入物,口腔应用,心血管设备”及“ metallic biomaterials;metallic 3D printing ;surgical implants;cardiovascular equipment;oral application”为中、英文关键词进行检索,检索时限为2010年6月至2020年6月,通过阅读文题和摘要进行初步筛选,最终纳入92篇文献进行结果分析。 
结果与结论:在生物医学应用中,按金属3D打印工艺原理不同分为粉末床选区熔融和定向能量沉积2大类。通过金属3D打印能够批量生产具有复杂几何形状和内部结构的金属植入物,以及满足特定患者需求的定制医疗植入物生产;面对诸多的金属打印技术,需根据要处理的材料、要制造零件的复杂性或设计注意事项的不同选择适宜的增材制造工艺。目前3D打印钛、钴铬合金等金属生物材料已取得了实质性进展,并在临床骨科、齿科及血管外科得到一定的应用,而有关基于镁和铁等3D打印金属生物材料的研究仍在继续。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9563-9901 (纪琦) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 材料, 口腔, 金属生物材料, 金属3D打印, 植入物, 口腔应用, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has been applied to fabricate the personalized metallic biomaterials with low elastic modulus, low cost and precision, aiming at overcoming the defects of the biomaterials fabricated by the traditional technology. 
OJECTIVE: To summarize the development of metallic biomaterials fabricated by the 3D printing technology.
METHODS: The articles were searched by using the databases of PubMed and CNKI. The key words were “metallic biomaterials, metallic 3D printing technology, surgical implants, oral application and cardiovascular devices” in Chinese and in English. As a result, 92 articles were applied after reading and analyzing the title and abstract of the articles published between June 2010 and June 2020.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In biomedical applications, metallic 3D printing technology can be divided into two categories: powder bed selective melting and directional energy deposition. Metallic 3D printing enables mass production of metal implants with complex geometric shapes and internal structures, as well as customized medical implant production that meets the needs of specific patients. Faced with many metallic printing technologies, it is necessary to choose a suitable additive manufacturing process according to the complexity and different design of materials. At present, 3D printing of metallic biomaterials such as titanium and cobalt-chromium alloys has made substantial progress, and has been used in clinical orthopedics, dentistry and vascular surgery. Research on 3D printing metal biomaterials based on magnesium and iron is still carried on.

Key words: material, oral cavity, metallic biomaterials, metallic 3D printing, implants, oral application, review

中图分类号: