中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (9): 1331-1336.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2508

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

全膝关节置换过程中挤压驱血和抬腿驱血与置换后并发症的关系

尹健东,王鑫灵,左  彪,李秾杙   

  1. 成都中医药大学附属医院,四川省成都市  610041
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-08 修回日期:2019-07-10 接受日期:2019-08-23 出版日期:2020-03-28 发布日期:2020-02-11
  • 通讯作者: 王鑫灵,硕士,主治医师,成都中医药大学附属医院骨科,四川省成都市 610041
  • 作者简介:尹健东,男,1993年生,四川省乐山市人,汉族,成都中医药大学附属医院在读硕士,主要从事关节外科疾病的诊治。 共同第一作者:王鑫灵,男,1982年生,四川省成都市人,汉族,2010年成都中医药大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事创伤及关节外科疾病的诊治。

Relationship of extrusion and elevation of blood-expelling methods during total knee arthroplasty with postoperative complications  

Yin Jiandong, Wang Xinling, Zuo Biao, Li Nongyi   

  1. Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2019-07-08 Revised:2019-07-10 Accepted:2019-08-23 Online:2020-03-28 Published:2020-02-11
  • Contact: Wang Xinling, Master, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Yin Jiandong, Master candidate, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China Wang Xinling, Master, Attending physician, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China Yin Jiandong and Wang Xinling contributed equally to this study.

摘要:

文题释义:
驱血:是一种与止血带配合使用的技术,将患者患肢消毒后,将患肢抬高于心脏水平,保持片刻或应用驱血带、驱血器等方式使手术肢体软组织内的血液驱离肢体,以达到减少术中创口出血以及术中备血、输血的目的,给手术医生提供清晰的术野,提高了手术安全性。
全膝关节置换:是针对重度膝骨关节炎的最终治疗方式,能非常有效地减轻病痛,改善关节功能,提高患者的生活质量;但其围术期出血量多,术后功能康复缓慢,而膝关节疼痛、并发症、肿胀是影响全膝关节置换后早期功能锻炼的主要原因,相关研究表明合适的驱血方式可减轻上述不利因素。

背景:目前挤压驱血法广泛应用于全膝关节置换过程中。有研究表明,挤压驱血法有加重术后早期疼痛及增加术后并发症的风险,因此临床上急需一种能替代它的更加安全有效的驱血方法。

目的:探讨全膝关节置换过程中使用抬腿驱血法和挤压驱血法对临床效果的影响。

方法:将拟行初次单侧全膝关节置换的64例患者随机分为2组,置换过程中对照组采用挤压驱血,试验组采用抬腿驱血。术后比较2组患者的主要观察指标:目测类比评分、膝关节肿胀度、C-反应蛋白、血清肌酸激酶活性及术后并发症等;次要观察指标:止血带使用时间、美国特种外科医院评分、SF-36评分等。

结果与结论:①术后第1,7天及第1,3个月,试验组目测类比评分显著低于对照组(P < 0.05);②术后2组的C-反应蛋白水平、血清肌酸激酶活性及膝关节肿胀度均有升高,但试验组的升高程度明显低于对照组(P < 0.05);③在术后并发症方面,术后对照组在张力水泡及深静脉血栓发生率上高于试验组(P < 0.05),且对照组的总并发症发生率显著高于试验组(P < 0.05);④2组止血带的使用时间差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);⑤随访第1,3,6个月评估美国特种外科医院评分及SF-36评分,结果显示较术前均有所改善,但组间比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);⑥说明全膝关节置换过程中抬腿驱血可减轻术后早期疼痛反应,降低机体的炎症反应及患膝软组织损伤,减少皮肤张力性水泡、血栓栓塞等并发症的发生率,符合快速康复的理念要求。因此在全膝关节置换过程中抬腿驱血是一种比挤压驱血更加安全有效的驱血方法。

ORCID: 0000-0002-7376-5202(尹健东)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 全膝关节置换, 止血带, 抬腿驱血, 挤压驱血, 术后早期疼痛, 并发症, 快速康复

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: At present, extrusion is widely used in total knee arthroplasty. Studies have shown that extrusion can aggravate early pain and increase the risk of complications after operation. Therefore, a safer and more effective method it is urgently needed in clinic.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of elevation and extrusion of blood-expelling method on clinical outcomes during total knee arthroplasty.

METHODS: Sixty-four patients who were scheduled to undergo unilateral total knee arthroplasty for the first time were randomly divided into two groups. During total knee arthroplasty, the control group received extrusion method, while the experimental group received elevation method. The main outcomes of the two groups were compared: visual analogue scale score, knee joint swelling, C-reactive protein, serum creatine kinase activity and postoperative complications; secondary outcomes: tourniquet use time, Hospital for Special Surgery score, and SF-36 score.       

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Visual analogue scale scores in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group on the first day, the seventh day, the first month and the third month after operation (P < 0.05). (2) Knee swelling, serum creatine kinase and C-reactive protein increased in both groups after operation, but the increase in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). (3) In terms of postoperative complications, the incidences of tension vesicles and deep vein thrombosis in the control group were higher than those in the experimental group (P < 0.05). The total complication rate was significantly higher in the control group than in the experimental group (P < 0.05). (4) There was no significant difference in tourniquet use time between the two groups (P > 0.05). (5) Hospital for Special Surgery score and SF-36 score were assessed at 1, 3 and 6 months. The results showed that it was better than before, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). (6) In conclusion, elevation of blood-expelling method could alleviate early pain response, reduce inflammation reaction and soft tissue injury, and decrease the incidence of skin tension blisters and thromboembolism. It is in line with the concept of rapid recovery. Therefore, during total knee arthroplasty, elevation of blood-expelling method is a safer and more effective method than extrusion.

Key words: total knee arthroplasty, tourniquet, elevation, extrusion, early pain after operation, complications, rapid rehabilitation

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