中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (6): 854-859.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2387

• 人工假体Artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

同期双侧全膝关节置换和单髁置换治疗创伤性关节炎的比较

赵中溢1,李勇阵2,陈  峰1,季爱玉1   

  1. 1青岛大学附属医院创伤外科,山东省青岛市   266000;2青岛大学医学院骨外科,山东省青岛市   266071
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-17 修回日期:2020-01-19 接受日期:2020-05-23 出版日期:2021-02-28 发布日期:2020-12-03
  • 通讯作者: 季爱玉,硕士,主任医师,青岛大学附属医院创伤外科,山东省青岛市 266000
  • 作者简介:赵中溢,男,1994年生,山东省威海市人,汉族,2020年青岛大学医学院毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事四肢创伤方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(2010GWZ20224)

Comparison of total knee arthroplasty and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in treatment of traumatic osteoarthritis

Zhao Zhongyi1, Li Yongzhen2, Chen Feng1, Ji Aiyu1   

  1. 1Department of Trauma Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Qingdao University School of Medicine, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2020-01-17 Revised:2020-01-19 Accepted:2020-05-23 Online:2021-02-28 Published:2020-12-03
  • Contact: Ji Aiyu, Master, Chief physician, Department of Trauma Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Zhao Zhongyi, Master, Physician, Department of Trauma Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Shandong Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Plan Project, No. 2010GWZ20224

摘要:

文题释义:
单髁置换:指仅对膝关节内侧或外侧间室进行表面置换,用以代替膝关节胫股关节破坏的软骨表面,适用于仅内侧单侧间室变窄。
创伤性关节炎:又称外伤性关节炎、损伤性骨关节炎,它是由创伤引起的以关节软骨的退化变性和继发的软骨增生、骨化为主要病理变化,以关节疼痛、活动功能障碍为主要临床表现的一种疾病。任何年龄组均可发病,但以青壮年多见,多发于创伤后、承重失衡及活动负重过度的关节。

背景:创伤性骨关节炎发病率逐年升高,目前临床常用治疗手段有全膝关节置换和单髁置换,两者的治疗效果仍有待验证。
目的:探讨同期双侧全膝关节置换和单髁置换治疗创伤性关节炎的临床效果。
方法:选择 2016年1月至2018年 6月在青岛大学附属医院接受治疗的双侧创伤性骨关节炎患者102例,随机分为全膝关节置换组和单髁置换组(n=51)。比较两组患者手术指标(手术时间、术中出血量、术后48 h血红蛋白下降量、围术期输血患者比例、总住院时间、住院费用),对比术前及术后2周、3个月、6个月疼痛目测类比评分、美国膝关节协会评分、西安大略和麦马斯特大学骨关节炎指数,比较两组患者术后并发症和随访6个月后的患者主观满意度。
结果与结论:①单髁置换组手术时间、术中出血量、术后48 h血红蛋白下降量明显少于全膝关节置换组,围术期患者输血比例显著低于全膝关节置换组,总住院时间、住院费用也明显少于全膝关节置换组,差异均存在显著性意义(P < 0.05);②单髁置换组患者术前疼痛目测类比评分、美国膝关节协会评分、西安大略和麦马斯特大学骨关节炎指数与全膝关节置换组无明显差别(P > 0.05),术后2周、3个月、6个月,两组患者的疼痛目测类比评分、美国膝关节协会评分均较术前明显降低,西安大略和麦马斯特大学骨关节炎指数较术前明显升高,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);单髁置换组患者术后各时间点的疼痛目测类比评分、美国膝关节协会评分、西安大略和麦马斯特大学骨关节炎指数均优于全膝关节置换组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);③术后6个月的随访中,单髁置换组患者术后主观满意度明显高于全膝关节置换组(P < 0.05);④并发症情况:全膝关节置换组患者术后感染3例,深静脉血栓2例,术后并发症总发生率为10%;单髁置换组患者术后感染1例,术后并发症总发生率为2%;单髁置换组患者的术后并发症发生率低于全膝关节置换组,但差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);⑤提示单髁置换治疗创伤性膝关节骨性关节炎具有明显优势,住院时间短、住院费用低,患者术后满意度高,有利于患者术后恢复,可作为临床治疗创伤性骨关节炎的优先选择。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0570-132X (赵中溢) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 关节, 膝, 关节炎, 创伤性, 全膝关节置换, 单髁置换, 疼痛, 血红蛋白

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of traumatic osteoarthritis is increasing in recent years. At present, total knee arthroplasty and unicondylar arthroplasty are commonly used in clinical treatment, and their therapeutic effects still need to be verified. 
OBJECTIVE: To compare effects between total knee arthroplasty and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty on the patients with traumatic knee osteoarthritiss.
METHODS: A total of 102 patients with bilateral traumatic osteoarthritis were treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between January 2016 and June 2018. The patients were divided into total knee arthroplasty group and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty group (n=51 for each group). Operation indexes (operation time, intraoperative blood loss, decrease of hemoglobin 48 hours after operation, proportion of patients receiving blood transfusion during perioperative period, total length of stay and hospitalization cost) were compared between the two groups. Visual analogue scale score, American knee society knee score, and The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index were compared before surgery and 2 weeks, 3 and 6 months after surgery. The postoperative complications and subjective satisfaction after 6 months of follow-up were compared between the two groups. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Operation time, intraoperative blood loss and decrease in hemoglobin at 48 hours after surgery were significantly lower in the unicompartmental knee arthroplasty group than those in the total knee arthroplasty group. The proportion of blood transfusion during perioperative period was significantly lower in the unicompartmental knee arthroplasty group than that in the total knee arthroplasty group. Total length of stay and hospitalization cost were significantly less in the unicompartmental knee arthroplasty group than those in the total knee arthroplasty group (P < 0.05). (2) There was no significant difference in visual analogue scale score, American knee society knee score, and The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index between the unicompartmental knee arthroplasty group and the total knee arthroplasty group before surgery (P > 0.05). Compared with those before surgery, visual analogue scale score and American knee society knee score were significantly lower; and The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index was significantly higher in both groups at 2 weeks, 3 and 6 months after surgery (P < 0.05). Visual analogue scale score, American knee society knee score, and The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index were significantly better in the unicompartmental knee arthroplasty group than those in the total knee arthroplasty group at various time points after surgery (P < 0.05). (3) During the 6-month follow-up, subjective satisfaction was significantly higher in the unicompartmental knee arthroplasty group than that in the total knee arthroplasty group (P < 0.05). (4) Complications: In the total knee arthroplasty group, there were 3 cases of postoperative infection and 2 cases of deep vein thrombosis, and the total incidence of postoperative complications was 10%. In the unicompartmental knee arthroplasty group, there was 1 case of postoperative infection, and the total incidence of postoperative complications was 2%. The incidence of postoperative complications in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty group was lower than that in total knee arthroplasty group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). (5) Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in treatment of traumatic knee osteoarthritis has obvious advantages, can reduce length of stay and hospitalization cost, and patients have high satisfaction after operation. Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is beneficial to the postoperative recovery of patients, and can be used as the first choice for clinical treatment of traumatic osteoarthritis.

Key words: joint, knee, arthritis, traumatic, total knee arthroplasty, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, pain, hemoglobin

中图分类号: