中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (6): 873-877.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2390

• 人工假体Artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

局部氨甲环酸浸润在非骨水泥全膝关节置换过程中止血效果的评价

袁  俊,杨家福   

  1. 西南医科大学附属中医医院骨伤科,四川省泸州市   646000
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-10 修回日期:2020-02-20 接受日期:2020-04-11 出版日期:2021-02-28 发布日期:2020-12-03
  • 作者简介:袁俊,男,1987年生,四川省宜宾市人,汉族,2012年川北医学院毕业,主治医师,主要从事骨外科学方面的研究。

Hemostatic effect of topical tranexamic acid infiltration in cementless total knee arthroplasty

Yuan Jun, Yang Jiafu   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2020-02-10 Revised:2020-02-20 Accepted:2020-04-11 Online:2021-02-28 Published:2020-12-03
  • About author:Yuan Jun, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
非骨水泥全膝关节置换:此类膝关节置换术中不采用骨水泥来固定关节假体。相较于骨水泥型,有着更为长效的生物学固定,更有助于保存骨量和避免骨水泥残渣。在某一端如股骨端采用非骨水泥固定方式称为混合固定。
氨甲环酸:是赖氨酸的人工合成类似物,可以与纤溶酶原上的赖氨酸位点可逆性结合来减少纤溶酶原向纤溶酶的转变,以此阻止纤维蛋白的降解以及保持纤维蛋白的结构框架,从而起到止血的效果。

背景:采用骨水泥固定的全膝关节置换过程中,局部应用氨甲环酸已经被证实可以显著减少围术期失血量从而降低输血的需求。但是还少有研究着眼于混合固定方式(股骨假体压配固定、胫骨假体骨水泥固定)下,局部应用氨甲环酸的止血效果是否依然有效。
目的:探究局部应用氨甲环酸与否对混合固定的全膝关节置换后失血量的影响。
方法:从2017年1月至2018年12月接受全膝关节置换的患者中筛选208例,其中混合固定组132例(第四军医大学第一附属医院),骨水泥固定组76例(西南医科大学附属中医院),这些患者又依据是否局部应用了氨甲环酸再次分组。从术后24 h引流量、输血率、手术前后血红蛋白差值以及术后并发症等方面来评价局部应用氨甲环酸的术后止血效果。
结果与结论:①全体患者以及混合固定组中,应用氨甲环酸的患者与未应用的患者在年龄、性别、体质量指数以及手术时间上差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);②从混合固定组和骨水泥固定组总体来看,局部应用了氨甲环酸的患者相较于没有应用的患者的引流量、失血量以及输血率均显著降低(P < 0.05);在混合固定组,局部应用氨甲环酸的患者也在这3项指标上显著低于未应用氨甲环酸的患者;无论应用氨甲环酸与否,混合固定组的失血量都要略高于骨水泥固定组;③2组患者均未发现诸如下肢深静脉血栓以及排异反应等严重术后并发症;④综上所述,局部应用氨甲环酸在减少混合固定的全膝关节置换后失血以及输血率上同样有效。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4217-1513 (袁俊) 
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 关节, 全膝关节置换, 氨甲环酸, 骨水泥, 固定, 失血

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Topical tranexamic acid in cemented total knee arthroplasty has been shown to significantly reduce perioperative blood loss, thereby reducing the need for blood transfusion. However, few studies have focused on whether the hemostatic effect of topical tranexamic acid is still effective under the mixed fixation mode (femoral prosthesis compression fixation, tibial prosthesis bone cement fixation). 
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of topical tranexamic acid on blood loss after total knee arthroplasty using hybrid fixation.
METHODS: From January 2017 to December 2018, 208 patients receiving primary total knee arthroplasty were retrospectively collected. Among these patients, 132 patients in the hybrid fixation group (First Affiliated Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University) underwent total knee arthroplasty using hybrid fixation, and 76 patients in the cemented fixation group (Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University) received total knee arthroplasty with cemented fixation. These patients were sub-classified based on whether or not receiving topical tranexamic acid. The 24-hour drainage volume, blood transfusion rate, the difference in preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin levels, and complications were taken into account for assessing the hemostatic effect of topical tranexamic acid. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Among all the patients and patients having hybrid fixation, there was no significant difference in age, gender, body mass index, and operation duration between the patients treated with and without tranexamic acid (P > 0.05). (2) Topical tranexamic acid significantly decreased drainage volume, blood loss, and blood transfusion rate whether patients received hybrid fixation or cemented fixation (P < 0.05). In the hybrid fixation group, patients receiving topical tranexamic acid had remarkably lower drainage volume, blood loss, and blood transfusion rate than patients without topical tranexamic acid. Meanwhile, overall blood loss in the hybrid fixation group was a little higher than that in the cemented fixation group. (3) No severe complications such as thrombosis or rejection were reported in both groups. (4) In conclusion, topic tranexamic acid is as effective in decreasing blood loss and blood transfusion rate for total knee arthroplasty with hybrid fixation as with cemented fixation.

Key words: bone, joint, total knee arthroplasty, tranexamic acid, bone cement, fixation, blood loss

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