中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (21): 3401-3408.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3854

• 骨与关节循证医学 evidence-based medicine of the bone and joint • 上一篇    下一篇

局部浸润麻醉和股神经阻滞对全膝关节置换后镇痛作用和安全性比较的Meta分析

邓志博,李  埴,吴亚鸿,牟  嫄,牟越西,尹良军   

  1. 重庆医科大学附属第二医院骨科,重庆市   400010
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-31 修回日期:2020-09-04 接受日期:2020-09-21 出版日期:2021-07-28 发布日期:2021-01-25
  • 通讯作者: 尹良军,男,博士,主任医师,硕士生导师,重庆医科大学附属第二医院骨科,重庆市 400010
  • 作者简介:邓志博,男,1995年生,四川省南充市人,汉族,重庆医科大学第二临床学院2019级在读硕士,主要从事关节外科方向的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市科委民生类项目(cstc2017shmsA130049),项目负责人:尹良军;重庆市科技计划项目(cstc2018jscx-msybX0088),项目负责人:尹良军

Local infiltration anesthesia versus femoral nerve block for pain control and safety after total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis

Deng Zhibo, Li Zhi, Wu Yahong, Mu Yuan, Mu Yuexi, Yin Liangjun   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
  • Received:2020-08-31 Revised:2020-09-04 Accepted:2020-09-21 Online:2021-07-28 Published:2021-01-25
  • Contact: Yin Liangjun, MD, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
  • About author:Deng Zhibo, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
  • Supported by:
    the Livelihood Project of Chongqing Science and Technology Commission, No. cstc2017shmsA130049 (to YLJ); the Chongqing Science and Technology Plan Project, No. cstc2018jscx-msybX0088 (to YLJ)

摘要:

文题释义:
股神经阻滞:目前,随着神经刺激仪和超声局部定位的应用,股神经阻滞被认为是膝关节置换后镇痛的金标准,因为它具有对疼痛部位的选择性高、镇痛作用明显、相对硬膜外麻醉等不受手术后抗凝药物的影响等特点。
局部浸润麻醉:即在术中或缝皮前,直视下将多种镇痛药的混合液(又称鸡尾酒)行关节周围软组织内注射,主要注射部位包括膝关节后囊、侧副韧带、关节囊切口处、股四头肌和皮下软组织等。该技术通过消除手术创伤对疼痛的刺激和传导,以达到预防和缓解术后疼痛的目的,其优点在于有明确的镇痛效果,同时局部用药避免了全身用药的较大不良反应。

目的:局部浸润麻醉和股神经阻滞是全膝关节置换后常见的镇痛方法,但哪种是最佳的镇痛方法仍存在争议。有研究发现,由于局部浸润麻醉中各药物搭配的差异会导致结果存在较大偏倚,这可能是以往结果不统一的原因之一。文章系统评价使用固定药物成分(局麻药+非类固醇抗炎药+肾上腺素)的局部浸润麻醉与股神经阻滞在全膝关节置换后的镇痛疗效和安全性差异。
方法:用检索词“Total knee arthroplasty,Local infiltration analgesia,Periarticular infiltration,Femoral nerve block”全面检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science和Viod数据库建库至2020-06-30关于局部浸润麻醉和股神经阻滞在膝关节置换镇痛中的随机对照临床试验。采用Cochrane风险偏倚表评估纳入文献质量。采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析,评价指标包括主要的疼痛结果、次要的功能结果和并发症。
结果:①纳入9篇文献共514例患者,均为随机对照试验,文献质量评估提示纳入文献质量较高;②结果显示,两组患者在术后24 h静息、48 h静息、24 h运动和48 h运动的目测类比评分、48 h内阿片类药物消耗量、24 h和48 h膝关节活动度、住院时间、6周时6 min步行试验、感染发生率和恶心呕吐发生率方面差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);但局部浸润麻醉组的24 h内阿片类药物消耗量明显低于股神经阻滞组(MD=-4.09,95%CI:-6.10至-2.08,P < 0.000 1)。
结论:局部浸润麻醉在全膝关节置换后急性期疼痛控制方面优于股神经阻滞,且膝关节功能恢复和并发症方面无显著差异,加上局部浸润麻醉操作简单、费用低廉,文章推荐其作为临床全膝关节置换后镇痛的最佳治疗方法。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7031-8941 (邓志博);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9244-4965 (尹良军)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 膝, 关节, 膝关节, 疼痛控制, 全膝关节置换, 麻醉, 鸡尾酒, 股神经阻滞, Meta分析

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Local infiltration anesthesia and femoral nerve block are very prevalent anesthesia methods after total knee arthroplasty. However, which one was optimal in pain control was still controversial. The difference of components in local infiltration anesthesia led to great bias in outcomes, which may be one reason for the inconsistent results in the past. We took a systematic review to compare the efficacy and safety of femoral nerve block with the local infiltration anesthesia that use the fixed drug compositions (local anesthetics + nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs + epinephrines) for total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS: Randomized controlled trials concerning local infiltration anesthesia and femoral nerve block on pain control after total knee arthroplasty from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Viod were searched until June 30, 2020 by using the following terms “total knee arthroplasty, local infiltration analgesia, periarticular infiltration, femoral nerve block”. The quality of the included study was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias table. The data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3 software for meta-analysis. The evaluation indexes contained main pain outcomes, secondary functional outcomes, and complications.  
RESULTS: (1) A total of 9 studies including 514 patients were included, all of which were randomized controlled trials. The literature quality evaluation indicated that the quality of the included literatures was relatively high. (2) The pooled data indicated that there was no significant difference in visual analogue scale score at 24 hours on rest, 48 hours on rest, 24 hours on motion and 48 hours on motion, opioid consumption at 48 hours, range of motion at 24 and 48 hours, length of hospital stay, 6-minute walk test at 6 weeks, rate of infection and rate of nausea and vomiting between two groups (P > 0.05). However, the local infiltration anesthesia consumed significantly less opioid than femoral nerve block at 24 hours (MD=-4.09, 95%CI:-6.10 to -2.08, P < 0.000 1). 
CONCLUSION: Local infiltration anesthesia with the fixed compositions was superior to femoral nerve block in pain control of acute phase after total knee arthroplasty, and there was no significant difference in knee function recovery and complications. Considering that local infiltration anesthesia was easier to operate and less expensive, we recommended local infiltration anesthesia as the optimal pain management after total knee arthroplasty. 

Key words: knee, joint, knee joint, pain control, total knee arthroplasty, anesthesia, cocktail, femoral nerve block, meta-analysis

中图分类号: