中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (19): 3039-3048.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2198
• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇 下一篇
田 婷1,李晓光1,2,3
收稿日期:
2020-05-07
修回日期:
2020-05-13
接受日期:
2020-06-19
出版日期:
2021-07-09
发布日期:
2021-01-13
通讯作者:
李晓光,博士,教授,北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院,生物材料与神经再生北京市重点实验室,北京市 100083;北京航空航天大学生物材料与神经再生北京市国际科技合作基地,北京市生物医学工程高精尖创新中心,北京市 100083;首都医科大学基础医学院神经生物学系,北京市 100069
作者简介:
田婷,女,1988年生,山东省新泰市人,北京航空航天大学在读博士,主要从事中枢神经系统损伤与再生修复的研究。
基金资助:
Tian Ting1, Li Xiaoguang1, 2, 3
Received:
2020-05-07
Revised:
2020-05-13
Accepted:
2020-06-19
Online:
2021-07-09
Published:
2021-01-13
Contact:
Li Xiaoguang, MD, Professor, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, Beijing Biomedical Engineering High-tech Innovation Center, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
About author:
Tian Ting, Doctoral candidate, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
Supported by:
摘要:
文题释义:
轴突再生:狭义的轴突再生是指横断的轴突跨越病变部位向其原始突触靶点重新生长的过程。广义的轴突再生包括多种形式的轴突生长反应:损伤轴突断端长距离再生长;损伤轴突断端或侧枝出芽,与脊髓固有神经元形成中继神经环路;残存轴突侧枝出芽与脊髓中间神经元形成中继神经环路。轴突再生导致组织重构和环路重组,在一定程度上促进功能恢复。
神经可塑性:神经元为适应不断变化的外界环境而改变自身结构、功能、代谢、电化学信号,以应对神经回路中神经元活动需求的能力。脊髓损伤后发生多种形式的轴突再生,包括损伤轴突再生、残存轴突侧枝出芽以及突触结构重塑等,都是神经可塑性的表现形式。
背景:脊髓损伤导致严重的感觉、运动功能障碍,反射异常以及自主神经功能紊乱。目前脊髓损伤尚无有效的临床治疗措施。近年来,研究人员开发出多种新型治疗方案,为临床治疗脊髓损伤开辟了新途径。
目的:探讨脊髓损伤病理生理学过程,总结脊髓损伤再生修复研究进展,分析临床转化现状与挑战,展望脊髓损伤治疗未来发展趋势。
方法:检索PubMed数据库2003至2020年发表的相关文章,检索词为“spinal cord injury,neuroplasticity,functional recovery,therapeutic strategy,combinatory therapies, clinical translation”。初检文章398篇,经过筛选、整理,最终纳入116篇文章进行分析、总结。
结果与结论:脊髓损伤的病理生理过程包括原发性损伤和继发性损伤。针对脊髓损伤的病理生理过程,脊髓损伤的潜在治疗策略包括:①增强神经保护:减少继发性损伤;②促进再生修复:激活神经元内在再生能力、改善微环境、细胞移植、神经调控与康复训练、脑机接口、联合治疗。脊髓损伤的病理过程十分复杂,单一治疗措施不足以促进人类脊髓损伤后神经再生和功能恢复。联合治疗通过解决脊髓损伤的多个病理过程,已经证明比单一治疗更为有效。未来临床试验应该加强多学科交流与合作,以确定最佳组合方案,促进脊髓损伤患者功能恢复。
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程
中图分类号:
田 婷, 李晓光. 脊髓损伤再生修复中的问题与挑战[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2021, 25(19): 3039-3048.
Tian Ting, Li Xiaoguang. Problems and challenges in regeneration and repair of spinal cord injury[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2021, 25(19): 3039-3048.
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文题释义:#br# 轴突再生:狭义的轴突再生是指横断的轴突跨越病变部位向其原始突触靶点重新生长的过程。广义的轴突再生包括多种形式的轴突生长反应:损伤轴突断端长距离再生长;损伤轴突断端或侧枝出芽,与脊髓固有神经元形成中继神经环路;残存轴突侧枝出芽与脊髓中间神经元形成中继神经环路。轴突再生导致组织重构和环路重组,在一定程度上促进功能恢复。 #br# 神经可塑性:神经元为适应不断变化的外界环境而改变自身结构、功能、代谢、电化学信号,以应对神经回路中神经元活动需求的能力。脊髓损伤后发生多种形式的轴突再生,包括损伤轴突再生、残存轴突侧枝出芽以及突触结构重塑等,都是神经可塑性的表现形式。
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