中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (19): 3039-3048.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2198

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

脊髓损伤再生修复中的问题与挑战

田  婷1,李晓光1,2,3   

  1. 1北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院,生物材料与神经再生北京市重点实验室,北京市   100083;2北京航空航天大学生物材料与神经再生北京市国际科技合作基地,北京市生物医学工程高精尖创新中心,北京市   100083;3首都医科大学基础医学院神经生物学系,北京市   100069
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-07 修回日期:2020-05-13 接受日期:2020-06-19 出版日期:2021-07-09 发布日期:2021-01-13
  • 通讯作者: 李晓光,博士,教授,北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院,生物材料与神经再生北京市重点实验室,北京市 100083;北京航空航天大学生物材料与神经再生北京市国际科技合作基地,北京市生物医学工程高精尖创新中心,北京市 100083;首都医科大学基础医学院神经生物学系,北京市 100069
  • 作者简介:田婷,女,1988年生,山东省新泰市人,北京航空航天大学在读博士,主要从事中枢神经系统损伤与再生修复的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31730030),项目负责人:李晓光;国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1104001),项目负责人:李晓光

Problems and challenges in regeneration and repair of spinal cord injury

Tian Ting1, Li Xiaoguang1, 2, 3    

  1. 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; 2Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, Beijing Biomedical Engineering High-tech Innovation Center, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; 3Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
  • Received:2020-05-07 Revised:2020-05-13 Accepted:2020-06-19 Online:2021-07-09 Published:2021-01-13
  • Contact: Li Xiaoguang, MD, Professor, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, Beijing Biomedical Engineering High-tech Innovation Center, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
  • About author:Tian Ting, Doctoral candidate, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 31730030 (to LXG); the National Key Research and Development Project, No. 2017YFC1104001 (to LXG) 

摘要:

文题释义:
轴突再生:狭义的轴突再生是指横断的轴突跨越病变部位向其原始突触靶点重新生长的过程。广义的轴突再生包括多种形式的轴突生长反应:损伤轴突断端长距离再生长;损伤轴突断端或侧枝出芽,与脊髓固有神经元形成中继神经环路;残存轴突侧枝出芽与脊髓中间神经元形成中继神经环路。轴突再生导致组织重构和环路重组,在一定程度上促进功能恢复。  
神经可塑性:神经元为适应不断变化的外界环境而改变自身结构、功能、代谢、电化学信号,以应对神经回路中神经元活动需求的能力。脊髓损伤后发生多种形式的轴突再生,包括损伤轴突再生、残存轴突侧枝出芽以及突触结构重塑等,都是神经可塑性的表现形式。

背景:脊髓损伤导致严重的感觉、运动功能障碍,反射异常以及自主神经功能紊乱。目前脊髓损伤尚无有效的临床治疗措施。近年来,研究人员开发出多种新型治疗方案,为临床治疗脊髓损伤开辟了新途径。   
目的:探讨脊髓损伤病理生理学过程,总结脊髓损伤再生修复研究进展,分析临床转化现状与挑战,展望脊髓损伤治疗未来发展趋势。
方法:检索PubMed数据库2003至2020年发表的相关文章,检索词为“spinal cord injury,neuroplasticity,functional recovery,therapeutic strategy,combinatory therapies, clinical translation”。初检文章398篇,经过筛选、整理,最终纳入116篇文章进行分析、总结。
结果与结论:脊髓损伤的病理生理过程包括原发性损伤和继发性损伤。针对脊髓损伤的病理生理过程,脊髓损伤的潜在治疗策略包括:①增强神经保护:减少继发性损伤;②促进再生修复:激活神经元内在再生能力、改善微环境、细胞移植、神经调控与康复训练、脑机接口、联合治疗。脊髓损伤的病理过程十分复杂,单一治疗措施不足以促进人类脊髓损伤后神经再生和功能恢复。联合治疗通过解决脊髓损伤的多个病理过程,已经证明比单一治疗更为有效。未来临床试验应该加强多学科交流与合作,以确定最佳组合方案,促进脊髓损伤患者功能恢复。

关键词: 干细胞, 脊髓损伤, 神经可塑性, 功能, 治疗, 联合治疗, 临床转化, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury leads to severe sensory and motor dysfunctions, abnormal reflexes, and autonomic nerve disorders. At present, there are no effective clinical therapies for spinal cord injury. In recent years, researchers have developed a variety of novel approaches, opening up new avenues for clinical treatment of spinal cord injury.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the pathophysiological process of spinal cord injury, summarize recent advances in regeneration and repair of spinal cord injury, analyze the current status and challenges with respect to clinical translation, and consider the future development trend for treatment of spinal cord injury.
METHODS: The relevant articles were searched in PubMed database from 2003 to 2020 using the key words of “spinal cord injury, neuroplasticity, functional recovery, therapeutic strategy, combinatory therapies, clinical translation”. 398 articles were initially retrieved. After sorting and screening, 116 articles were eventually included for analysis and summary. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The pathophysiology of spinal cord injury involves primary injury and secondary injury. Targeting the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury, the potential therapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury include (1) enhance neuroprotection: reduction of secondary injury; (2) promote regenerative repair: activate the intrinsic regenerative capacity of neurons, ameliorate microenvironment, cell transplantation, neuromodulation and rehabilitation, brain-machine interface, and combinatory therapies. The pathological process of spinal cord injury is very complicated, and individual treatment is insufficient to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in humans. Combinatory strategies have demonstrated greater beneficial outcomes than individual treatment by addressing multiple aspects of spinal cord injury pathology. Clinical trials in the future should strengthen multidisciplinary conversation and cooperation, to determine the optimal combinatory approaches, promoting functional recovery of patients with spinal cord injury.

Key words: stem cells, spinal cord injury, neuroplasticity, function, therapy, combinatory therapy, clinical translation, review

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