中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (34): 5536-5543.doi: 10.12307/2024.802

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

前交叉韧带重建后肌肉等长发力率及与功能表现的关系

李  奇1,高明威2,李世浩1,褚晓蕾1,李亚杰2,丁  宁2,刘敏琦2   

  1. 1天津大学天津医院康复医学科,天津市  300211;2天津体育学院运动健康学院,天津市  301617
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-30 接受日期:2024-01-05 出版日期:2024-12-08 发布日期:2024-03-15
  • 通讯作者: 李奇,天津大学天津医院康复医学科,天津市 300211
  • 作者简介:李奇,男,1982年生,河北省衡水市人,汉族,2008年香港理工大学毕业,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事运动损伤的康复以及疼痛相关基础及临床研究。
  • 基金资助:
    2021 年度中国民族区药学会科研项目(2021Z1063-520701),项目负责人:李奇;天津市科技计划项目(22JCYBJC00210),项目负责人:李奇

Rate of force development and its relationship with functional performance in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Li Qi1, Gao Mingwei2, Li Shihao1, Chu Xiaolei1, Li Yajie2, Ding Ning2, Liu Minqi2   

  1. 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin University Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China; 2Sports and Health College of Tianjin Sport University, Tianjin 301617, China
  • Received:2023-11-30 Accepted:2024-01-05 Online:2024-12-08 Published:2024-03-15
  • Contact: Li Qi, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin University Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
  • About author:Li Qi, Master, Associate chief physician, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin University Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
  • Supported by:
    2021 Scientific Research Project of China Medical Association of Minorities, No. 2021Z1063-520701 (to LQ); Tianjin Science and Technology Program, No. 22JCYBJC00210 (to LQ)

摘要:


文题释义:

肌肉等长发力率:在肌肉等长收缩条件下测量不同时间间隔的力-时间曲线斜率。早期等长发力率,肌肉收缩100 ms时间段内任意时间间隔的力-时间曲线斜率(包括0-10 ms,0-20 ms,……,0-100 ms等);晚期等长发力率,涉及肌肉收缩100 ms后时间段内任意时间间隔的力-时间曲线斜率(包括100-150 ms,100-200 ms等)。 
等长峰值力矩:肌肉做最大强度的自主收缩,肌肉长度不发生改变,肌肉收缩达到最大力矩值为等长峰值力矩,单位是牛顿米,Nm。


背景:前交叉韧带重建后肌肉功能的恢复通常评估肌肉的最大力量,最近的研究认为还应考虑神经肌肉功能,比如肌肉等长发力率,即在肌肉等长收缩条件下测量不同时间间隔的力-时间曲线斜率。

目的:阐述前交叉韧带重建后患者肌肉等长发力率的研究现状与不足,分析术后不同时间内股四头肌和腘绳肌等长发力率的缺陷程度;等长发力率对术后患者功能表现的影响,为优化前交叉韧带重建后康复、减少患者二次损伤以及降低膝骨关节炎发生率提供重要信息。
方法:检索中国知网、维普、万方和PubMed数据库,以“前交叉韧带,发力率”为中文检索词,以“anterior cruciate ligament,rate of force development,rate of torque development”为英文检索词,按照纳入和排除标准最终纳入69篇文献。

结果与结论:①大多数研究发现前交叉韧带重建后半年内患者双侧肌肉等长发力率存在缺陷,双侧腘绳肌早期等长发力率(即肌肉收缩100 ms时间段内任意时间间隔的力-时间曲线斜率)在半年后有显著改善,但双侧股四头肌早期等长发力率长期缺陷,表明术后股四头肌神经肌肉功能长期受损。②有关晚期等长发力率(肌肉收缩100 ms后时间段内任意时间间隔的力-时间曲线斜率)的相关研究较少,无法得出确切结论。③关于着陆运动(跳跃落地和侧切等)和日常生活活动(走、跑),股四头肌早期等长发力率比等长峰值力矩相关性更强,运动过程中生物力学的异常改变被认为是患者二次损伤以及创伤性膝骨关节炎发生的重要风险因素,积极改善股四头肌早期等长发力率可能会降低二次损伤以及创伤性膝骨关节炎的发生率。④目前仅有很少的证据表明,全身振动训练能改善前交叉韧带重建后患者股四头肌早期等长发力率,建议今后在术后早期阶段应用神经肌肉电刺激干预股四头肌和腘绳肌,而在术后晚期阶段实施爆发力、高阻力训练,这可能会改善患者等长发力率。⑤短时间产生足够的肌肉力量才能有效保护前交叉韧带,而腘绳肌等长发力率与功能表现的关系尚不清楚,这可能会提供有关预防患者二次损伤的信息。⑥作者建议将等长发力率作为指导康复以及恢复运动的评估指标之一,除了关注对称性的改善以及与正常人的差异,还要考虑腘绳肌与股四头肌力量的比值,合适的比值范围才能保证肌肉快速发力时的平衡,这可能会降低再次损伤的发生,但比值的正常范围尚不清楚。⑦未来研究要考虑移植物类型和膝关节屈曲角度对等长发力率的影响,以尽可能找出患者存在的神经肌肉功能障碍,帮助患者更好地康复。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 发力率, 等长收缩, 前交叉韧带重建, 神经肌肉功能, 功能表现, 二次损伤, 股四头肌, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The maximum muscle strength is typically used for evaluating the recovery of muscle function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Recent studies have suggested that neuromuscular function should also be considered, such as rate of force development, which measures the slope of the force time curve at different time intervals under conditions of isometric muscle contraction.
OBJECTIVE: To elaborate on the current research status and shortcomings of muscle isometric rate of force development in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery, and analyze the degree of defects in quadriceps femoris and hamstring isometric rate of force development at different times after surgery; to analyze the effect of isometric rate of force development on postoperative functional performance, thereby providing important information for optimizing postoperative rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, reducing secondary injury to patients, and reducing the incidence of knee osteoarthritis.
METHODS: Literature retrieval of CNKI, VIP, WanFang and PubMed was performed using “anterior cruciate ligament, rate of force development” as Chinese search terms and “anterior cruciate ligament, rate of force development, rate of torque development” as English search terms. Finally, 69 articles were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Most studies have found defects in bilateral muscle isometric rate of force development in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction within 6 months. Early isometric rate of force development of the bilateral hamstring muscles (i.e. the slope of the force time curve at any time interval during muscle contraction of 100 ms) showed significant improvement after 6 months. However, long-term defects in early isometric rate of force development of the bilateral quadriceps indicate long-term damage to the neuromuscular function of the quadriceps after surgery. There is limited research on late isometric rate of force development (the slope of the force time curve at any time interval after 100 ms of muscle contraction), and conclusions cannot be drawn. Regarding landing exercises (jumping to the ground, lateral cutting, etc.) and daily activities (walking, running), early isometric rate of force development of the quadriceps is more correlated with isometric peak torque. Abnormal biomechanical changes during exercise are considered an important risk factor for secondary injury and traumatic knee osteoarthritis in patients. Actively improving early isometric rate of force development of the quadriceps may reduce the incidence of secondary injury and traumatic knee osteoarthritis. Currently, there is limited evidence to suggest that whole-body vibration training can improve early isometric rate of force development of the quadriceps femoris in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. It is recommended to use neuromuscular electrical stimulation to intervene in the quadriceps and hamstring in the early postoperative stage and implement explosive force and high resistance training in the late postoperative stage, which may improve the isometric rate of force development in patients. Generating sufficient muscle strength in a short period of time is necessary to effectively protect the anterior cruciate ligament, while the relationship between isometric rate of force development in the hamstring muscle and functional performance is still unclear, which may provide information on preventing secondary injury in patients. It is recommended to use the isometric rate of force development as one of the evaluation indicators for guiding rehabilitation and restoring movement. In addition to focusing on improving symmetry and differences from normal individuals, the hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio should also be considered. An appropriate range of ratios can ensure the balance of muscles during rapid muscle exertion, which may reduce the occurrence of secondary injuries. However, the normal range of ratios is not yet clear. Future research should consider the effects of graft type and knee flexion angle on isometric rate of force development, in order to identify neuromuscular dysfunction in patients as much as possible and help them recover better.

Key words: rate of force development, isometric contraction, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, neuromuscular function, functional performance, secondary injury, quadriceps, review

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