中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (9): 1457-1463.doi: 10.12307/2024.013

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

损伤前交叉韧带修复及促进移植物愈合的策略

白  晨1,杨文骞1,孟志超1,王宇泽2   

  1. 1山西医科大学,山西省太原市   030001;2山西医科大学附属第二医院骨科,山西省太原市   030001
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-20 接受日期:2023-03-23 出版日期:2024-03-28 发布日期:2023-07-26
  • 通讯作者: 王宇泽,博士,主任医师,山西医科大学附属第二医院骨科,山西省太原市 030001
  • 作者简介:白晨,男,1991年生,山西省临汾市人,汉族,山西医科大学在读硕士。
  • 基金资助:
    山西省青年科技研究基金 (201901D211505),项目负责人:王宇泽

Strategies for repairing injured anterior cruciate ligament and promoting graft healing

Bai Chen1, Yang Wenqian1, Meng Zhichao1, Wang Yuze2   

  1. 1Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics of Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China      
  • Received:2023-02-20 Accepted:2023-03-23 Online:2024-03-28 Published:2023-07-26
  • Contact: Wang Yuze, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics of Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Bai Chen, Master candidate, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Shanxi Provincial Youth Science and Technology Research Fund, No. 201901D211505 (to WYZ)

摘要:


文题释义:

前交叉韧带:是膝关节的韧带之一,起源于胫骨平台前内侧,在关节腔内沿着后内方走行,越过后交叉韧带前方,向上止于股骨外侧髁的后内侧。也有研究表明前交叉韧带分为前内侧束和后外侧束两束,可以防止胫骨前移和过度旋转,保持膝关节运动的正常生物力学,以防半月板损伤。
前交叉韧带损伤:当人体旋转、切割和跳跃时,膝关节处于轻度屈曲外翻位,此时再加上股四头肌剧烈收缩,便可使胫骨近端受到较大剪切力,附着于胫骨近端的前交叉韧带不能承受其本身的最大应力,导致前交叉韧带撕裂甚至断裂。


背景:近些年,对于前交叉韧带损伤的治疗日益成熟,但是,临床上对于前交叉韧带损伤的手术时机、手术方式的选择、移植物的选择及促进移植物愈合的方法等问题还存在争议。

目的:总结前交叉韧带损伤的手术时机、手术方式、移植物选择和促进移植物愈合方法的最新研究进展,为前交叉韧带损伤寻找新的治疗方向。
方法:从PubMed、中国知网、万方数据、维普、SinoMed、ScienceDirect、Springer和Cochrane 图书馆数据库进行前交叉韧带损伤相关文献的检索,最终经过筛选纳入相关文献72篇进行综述分析。

结果与结论:①在手术时机方面:前交叉韧带早期重建与延迟重建相比,早期重建可减缓半月板的损伤、提高生活质量、促进功能恢复,然而手术时机的不同是否会加速软骨损伤,目前还无定论。②在手术方式方面:关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术是前交叉韧带损伤的常用手术方式;前交叉韧带动态内稳定修复术在短期和长期疗效中,都可以带来和传统前交叉韧带重建术相似的结局。③在移植物的选择方面:自体腘绳肌肌腱是前交叉韧带移植物的首要选择;骨-髌腱-骨移植物和同种异体移植物作为次要选择。④在促进移植物愈合的策略方面:缝合带加强可以增加膝关节稳定性,保证移植物的愈合;干细胞通过抗炎作用、血管生成作用、抑制骨溶解和促进软骨细胞分化促进移植物的腱-骨愈合;保留前交叉韧带残端可以维持膝关节稳定、促进本体感觉恢复,为移植物的愈合提供先决条件;富血小板血浆促进移植物愈合的有效性有待商榷;而生物材料、基因治疗及干细胞治疗等促进肌腱愈合的方法还停留在分子和动物研究阶段,未来还需要进行临床转化。 

https://orcid.org/0000-0006-6352-150X (白晨) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 前交叉韧带损伤, 前交叉韧带重建, 移植物, 移植物愈合, 延迟重建, LARS, 股四头肌肌腱, 干细胞, 基因, 生物材料

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injury has become more and more mature. However, there are still disputes about the timing of surgery, the choice of surgical methods, the choice of grafts, and the methods to promote graft healing after anterior cruciate ligament injury.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the latest research progress of surgical timing, surgical methods, graft selection and methods to promote graft healing after anterior cruciate ligament injury, and to find new treatment directions for anterior cruciate ligament injury. 
METHODS: Relevant articles concerning anterior cruciate ligament injury were retrieved from PubMed, CNKI, WanFang Date, VIP, SinoMed, ScienceDirect, Springer and Cochrane Library. After the screening, 72 related articles were finally included.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Surgical timing: Compared with delayed anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, early reconstruction can reduce meniscus injury, elevate quality of life, and improve functional recovery. However, it is still uncertain whether the different operation timing will accelerate cartilage injury. (2) Surgical methods: Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is a common surgical method for anterior cruciate ligament injury. Dynamic internal stabilization repair of anterior cruciate ligament can bring similar results to traditional anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in short-term and long-term effects. (3) Graft selection: Autogenous hamstring tendon is the first choice of anterior cruciate ligament graft, while bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts and allografts are the secondary choices. (4) Among the methods to promote graft healing, suture band strengthening can increase knee joint stability and ensure graft healing. Stem cells promote the tendon-bone healing of grafts through anti-inflammatory action, angiogenesis, inhibition of osteolysis and promotion of chondrocyte differentiation. Preserving the residual end of the anterior cruciate ligament can maintain the stability of the knee joint, promote the recovery of proprioception, and provide a prerequisite for the healing of the graft. The effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma in promoting graft healing remains to be discussed. However, biomaterials, gene therapy, stem cell application and other methods to promote tendon healing remain in the stage of molecular and animal researches. Clinical transformation is also needed in the future.

Key words: anterior cruciate ligament injury, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, graft, graft healing, delayed reconstruction, LARS, quadriceps femoris tendon, stem cell, gene, biomaterial

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