中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (8): 1301-1306.doi: 10.12307/2024.228

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

α-突触核蛋白的异常修饰及在帕金森病中的作用机制

齐  雪1,李家慧1,朱远峰1,禹  璐1,王  鹏1,2   

  1. 北华大学基础医学院,1人体解剖学教研室,2神经退行性疾病研究室,吉林省吉林市  132013
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-10 接受日期:2023-03-29 出版日期:2024-03-18 发布日期:2023-07-19
  • 通讯作者: 王鹏,博士,副教授,硕士生导师。北华大学基础医学院人体解剖学教研室,基础医学院神经退行性疾病研究室,吉林省吉林市 132013
  • 作者简介:齐雪,女,1996年生,内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市人,汉族,北华大学在读硕士,主要从事帕金森病机制研究。
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省自然科学基金(YDZJ202201ZYTS575),项目负责人:王鹏;吉林省卫生与健康技术创新项目(2018J083),项目负责人:王鹏;北华大学研究生创新项目(2021017),项目负责人:齐雪

Abnormal modification of alpha-synuclein and its mechanism in Parkinson’s disease

Qi Xue1, Li Jiahui1, Zhu Yuanfeng1, Yu Lu1, Wang Peng1, 2   

  1. 1Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China; 2Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
  • Received:2023-03-10 Accepted:2023-03-29 Online:2024-03-18 Published:2023-07-19
  • Contact: Wang Peng, PhD, Associate professor, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin132013, Jilin Province, China; Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
  • About author:Qi Xue, Master candidate, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province, No. YDZJ202201ZYTS575 (to WP); Jilin Province Health and Health Technology Innovation Project, No. 2018J083 (to WP); Postgraduate Innovative Project of Beihua University, No. 2021017 (to QX)

摘要:


文题释义:

α-突触核蛋白:是帕金森致病的关键蛋白质,广泛分布于中枢神经系统,在神经元突触前及核周表达丰富,其异常修饰形成聚集体是导致帕金森病病理变化的重要原因。
帕金森病:是一种人老化相关的神经退行性疾病,以运动迟缓,肌张力增高和静止性震颤等为主要临床表现。尽管近年来对其发病机制乃至治疗研究有一定进展,但对帕金森病病理生理过程、疾病进展的认识仍需进一步探索。


背景:因 α-突触核蛋白异常聚集而形成的路易体是帕金森病特征性病理变化。近年多项研究揭示 α-突触核蛋白聚集体的形成与其翻译后修饰关系密切。α-突触核蛋白的磷酸化、硝基化、乙酰化、泛素化等修饰在帕金森病的发病和进展中的作用得到广泛关注。

目的:通过文献综述的方法阐述关于α-突触核蛋白修饰类型、修饰位点对帕金森病的特征性病理形成和进展的影响。
方法:由第一作者系统检索中国知网和PubMed数据库,以“α-突触核蛋白,帕金森病,磷酸化,乙酰化,泛素化,硝基化”为中文检索词,以“α-Synuclein,Parkinson’s disease,phosphorylation,acetylation,ubiquitination,nitration”为英文检索词,收集整理近年来与α-突触核蛋白异常修饰相关的文献,最终纳入61篇文献进行综述分析。

结果与结论:①α-突触核蛋白异常修饰与其蛋白结构和其带有正负电荷密切相关,其氨基端带有正电荷,易发生泛素化和乙酰化修饰;其中心疏水区域因其疏水特性易形成β片层结构,其羧基端带有负电荷,是主要磷酸化修饰区域。②磷酸化修饰位点可促进磷酸化修饰并与α-突触核蛋白的聚集密切相关,而蛋白激酶可靶向激活翻译修饰,可能有助于促进或抑制聚集体形成。③α-突触核蛋白的降解途径主要发挥清除病理性蛋白的作用,各种激酶催化促使蛋白泛素化修饰后,使其功能受损,导致蛋白异常堆积,从而加重神经退变。④α-突触核蛋白的氨基端经过乙酰化修饰后,可提升蛋白对细胞膜的穿梭能力,减缓蛋白聚集,可能为神经细胞保护靶点,但是在突变型蛋白发生乙酰化修饰后反而产生相反作用。⑤α-突触核蛋白的硝基化修饰主要与氧化应激相关,在活性氧的作用下,硝基化修饰的蛋白聚集倾向增强。⑥由于α-突触核蛋白不同翻译后修饰产生的影响各异,因此阐明其翻译后修饰的主要机制,抑制促使蛋白聚集的翻译后修饰,可能为帕金森病早期诊断和治疗提供新靶点参考。

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8647-2469(齐雪);https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3781-3702(王鹏)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: α-突触核蛋白, 帕金森病, 聚集体, 磷酸化, 酪氨酸, 乙酰化, 泛素化, 硝基化, 发病机制, 基因突变

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The formation of Lewy bodies due to abnormal α-synuclein aggregation is a characteristic pathological change in Parkinson’s disease. In recent years, several studies have revealed that the formation of α-synuclein aggregates is closely related to its post-translational modifications. The modification of α-synuclein such as phosphorylation, nitration, acetylation, and ubiquitination has attracted extensive attention in the pathogenesis and progression of Parkinson’s disease. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress in the effect of modification types and sites of α-synuclein on the characteristic pathological formation and progression of Parkinson’s disease.
METHODS: PubMed and CNKI databases were searched by the first author with the key words of “α-synuclein, Parkinson’s disease, phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, nitration” in English and Chinese respectively to collect and sort out the literature related to abnormal modification of α-synuclein in recent years. Finally, 61 articles were included for further review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Abnormal modification of α-synuclein is closely related to its protein structure and its positive and negative charges. Its amino terminus is positively charged and prone to ubiquitination and acetylation modifications. The central hydrophobic region is prone to forming β-pleated sheet due to its hydrophobic property. The carboxyl terminus is negatively charged, which is the main phosphorylation modification region. Phosphorylation modification sites promote phosphorylation modification and are closely related to α-synuclein aggregation, while protein kinases can target the activation of translational modifications, which may help to promote or inhibit aggregate formation. The degradation pathway of α-synuclein mainly plays a role in removing pathological proteins. Various kinase catalysts contribute to impaired protein ubiquitination modifications that lead to abnormal protein accumulation, thereby exacerbating neurodegeneration. The amino-terminal acetylation of α-synuclein improves the shuttle ability of the protein to the cell membrane and slows down the protein aggregation, which may be the protection target of nerve cells. However, the acetylation modification of the mutant protein produces the opposite effect. The protein nitration modification is mainly related to oxidative stress. The aggregation tendency of the protein modified by nitration is enhanced under the action of reactive oxygen species. Different post-translational modifications have different effects. Therefore, elucidating the main mechanisms of their post-translational modifications and inhibiting the post-translational modifications that contribute to protein aggregation may provide a reference for new targets for early diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson’s disease.

Key words: α-synuclein, Parkinson’s disease, aggregate, phosphorylation, tyrosine, acetylation, ubiquitination, nitration, pathogenesis, gene mutation

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