中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 93-99.doi: 10.12307/2023.768

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

单细胞转录组测序技术与椎间盘退变的发病机制

程浩天,赵晓峰,陆向东,赵轶波,范志峰,齐德泰,王晓楠,周润田,靳鑫杰,赵  斌   

  1. 山西医科大学第二临床医学院,山西省太原市   030001
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-13 接受日期:2022-12-24 出版日期:2024-01-08 发布日期:2023-06-28
  • 通讯作者: 赵斌,博士,主任医师,山西医科大学第二临床医学院,山西省太原市 030001
  • 作者简介:程浩天,男,1997年生,黑龙江省绥化市人,汉族,在读硕士,主要从事脊柱外科学方向研究。
  • 基金资助:
    山西省科技成果转化引导专项项目(201904D121008),项目负责人:赵斌

Single-cell RNA sequencing and the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration

Cheng Haotian, Zhao Xiaofeng, Lu Xiangdong, Zhao Yibo, Fan Zhifeng, Qi Detai, Wang Xiaonan, Zhou Runtian, Jin Xinjie, Zhao Bin   

  1. Second Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2022-10-13 Accepted:2022-12-24 Online:2024-01-08 Published:2023-06-28
  • Contact: Zhao Bin, MD, Chief physician, Second Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Cheng Haotian, Master candidate, Second Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Shanxi Provincial Special Project for the Transformation and Guidance of Scientific and Technological Achievements, No. 201904D121008 (to ZB)

摘要:


文题释义:

单细胞转录组测序技术:指在单个细胞水平上对mRNA进行扩增和测序的一项技术,能够揭示单个细胞的基因表达状态,反映细胞间的异质性,识别不同的细胞亚群,已经被广泛应用于各个研究领域。

椎间盘退变:是椎间盘组织与年龄相关的生物力学改变,是一系列脊柱退行性疾病的发病基础,严重时会导致椎间隙高度丢失、髓核突出甚至脱出,引起脊髓受压、神经根刺激症状,若不及时干预,将严重影响生活质量。


背景:椎间盘退变在临床上被认为是引起下腰痛的主要病因,但由于椎间盘退变发病机制尚不明确,目前仍缺乏有效手段来延缓疾病进展。单细胞转录组测序技术可以在单个细胞水平对mRNA进行扩增和测序,揭示单个细胞的基因表达强度,根据细胞的异质性发现组织中的不同细胞亚群,在分子水平上研究椎间盘退变的发病机制,为其早期诊断和治疗提供新的理论依据。
目的:介绍了单细胞转录组测序技术的基本原理并综述了近年来单细胞转录组测序技术在椎间盘退变发病机制中的研究进展。
方法:应用计算机系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网和万方数据库中2012-2022年出版的文献,英文检索词为:“single-cell RNA sequencing,intervertebral disc degeneration,sequencing technology”;中文检索词为“单细胞转录组测序,椎间盘退变,测序技术”。排除重复、质量较差及不相关的文献,最终纳入70篇文献进行综述分析。

结果与结论:①鉴定了稳态软骨样细胞、肥大软骨样髓核细胞、纤维髓核细胞等新型细胞亚群,识别了这几种细胞亚群的标记基因、转录因子,并阐述了这几种细胞亚群在椎间盘退变发生发展过程中的功能及分化轨迹和细胞命运,同时提出了祖细胞概念,确定了具备祖细胞特性的细胞亚群,在小鼠体内验证了该细胞亚群治疗椎间盘退变的有效性。②识别了兼具软骨特性和纤维特性的纤维软骨样纤维环细胞和纤维环干细胞,并在体外结合纤维软骨诱导剂和丝素蛋白及透明质酸制备了一种新型复合水凝胶,通过小鼠体内实验验证了这种水凝胶既能修复纤维环组织也能恢复软骨基质,对于椎间盘退变有显著治疗效果。③在终板软骨组织中发现了调节性软骨细胞,其在椎间盘退变进展中出现2种截然不同的命运并明确了2种命运中的差异基因,细胞间通讯分析表示调节性软骨细胞与内皮细胞之间互相作用从而促进血管生成。④在退变椎间盘组织中鉴定出巨噬细胞、T细胞、髓系祖细胞和嗜中性粒细胞等免疫细胞,证明了椎间盘退变过程中存在免疫反应,并发现载脂蛋白诱导了巨噬细胞M1和M2亚型的极化,这种极化过程通过MIF信号通路放大炎症反应来影响髓核祖细胞的活性。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5933-2657 (程浩天);https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-6725 (赵斌) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 单细胞转录组测序, 椎间盘退变, 发病机制, 测序技术

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Intervertebral disc degeneration is clinically considered to be the main cause of low back pain, but due to the unclear pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration, there is still a lack of effective means to delay the progression of the disease. Single-cell RNA sequencing technology can amplify and sequence mRNA at the single-cell level, reveal the gene expression intensity of a single cell, discover different cell subsets in tissues according to the heterogeneity of cells, study the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration at the molecular level, and provide a new theoretical basis for its early diagnosis and treatment.
OBJECTIVE: To introduce the basic principles of single-cell RNA sequencing technology and review the research progress of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in intervertebral disc degeneration in recent years.
METHODS: A computer was used to search PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and WanFang databases for the literature published from 2012 to 2022. Key words were “single-cell RNA sequencing, intervertebral disc degeneration, sequencing Technology” in Chinese and English. Duplicate, poor-quality and irrelevant articles were excluded; a total of 70 articles were eventually included. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) We identified new cell subsets such as homeostatic chondrocytes, hypertrophy chondrocyte-like nucleus pulposus cells and fibrous nucleus pulposus cells, identified the marker genes and transcription factors of these cell subsets, and described the functions, differentiation paths and cell fate of these cell subsets during the development and progression of intervertebral disc degeneration, and proposed the concept of progenitor nucleus pulposus cells. A cell subpopulation with progenitor nucleus pulposus cells properties was identified and its effectiveness in treating intervertebral disc degeneration was verified in mice. (2) Fibro chondrocyte-like annulus fibrosus cells and annulus fibrosus stem cells with both cartilage and fiber properties were identified, and a new type of composite hydrogel was prepared by combining fibrous cartilage inducers silk fibroin and hyaluronic acid in vitro. Experiments in mice demonstrated that this hydrogel could repair both annulus fibrosus tissue and cartilage matrix, and was remarkably effective in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. (3) Regulatory chondrocytes were found in endplate cartilage. Two distinct fates in the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration were analyzed and the differential genes in the two fates were identified. Intercellular communication analysis indicated that regulatory chondrocytes interact with endothelial cells to promote angiogenesis. (4) Immune cells such as macrophages, T cells, myeloid progenitor cells and neutrophils were identified in the degenerated intervertebral disc tissues, demonstrating the existence of immune response during intervertebral disc degeneration. It was found that apolipoprotein induced the polarization of macrophages M1 and M2 subtypes, and this polarization process affected the activity of progenitor nucleus pulposus cells by amplifying the inflammatory response through the MIF signaling pathway.

Key words: single-cell RNA sequencing, intervertebral disc degeneration, pathogenesis, sequencing technology

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