中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (34): 5477-5482.doi: 10.12307/2023.554

• 组织工程骨材料 tissue-engineered bone • 上一篇    下一篇

负载外泌体的可注射葡聚糖/明胶复合水凝胶修复大鼠椎间盘退变

潘玉军,时长江,曹  胜,穆怀昭,张义龙,王凯华   

  1. 承德医学院附属医院,河北省承德市  067000
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-06 接受日期:2022-10-19 出版日期:2023-12-08 发布日期:2023-04-20
  • 通讯作者: 张义龙,主任医师,科副主任,医学博士,硕士生导师,承德医学院附属医院脊柱外科,河北省承德市 067000
  • 作者简介:潘玉军,男,1984年生,河北省承德市人,满族,硕士,主治医师,承德医学院附属医院,主要从事脊柱外科研究。
  • 基金资助:
    承德市科学技术研究与发展计划项目(201801A050),项目负责人:潘玉军

An injectable dextran/gelatin composite hydrogel loaded with exosomes for repair of rat intervertebral disc degeneration

Pan Yujun, Shi Changjiang, Cao Sheng, Mu Huaizhao, Zhang Yilong, Wang Kaihua   

  1. Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2022-09-06 Accepted:2022-10-19 Online:2023-12-08 Published:2023-04-20
  • Contact: Zhang Yilong, Chief physician, MD, Master’s supervisor, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Pan Yujun, Master, Attending physician, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Chengde Science and Technology Research and Development Program, No. 201801A050 (to PYJ)

摘要:


文题释义:

椎间盘退变:简单概括就是椎间盘的老化,主要是由于年龄增长、常年劳损、创伤等原因造成的椎间盘髓核脱水,椎间盘失去其正常的弹力与张力,就不足以支撑患者的大幅度活动,还会压迫神经而出现疼痛症状。椎间盘退变是椎间盘突出、椎管狭窄等相关疾病的病理基础,也是导致腰腿疼痛的主要原因之一,已成为世界范围内较突出的公共卫生问题之一。
外泌体:是细胞通过出芽方式分泌到胞外的纳米级囊性小泡,粒径在40-120 nm之间,具有双层膜结构,无免疫原性、无致瘤性,并且含有大量的核酸、蛋白质、脂质和细胞因子等生物活性成分,可参与不同细胞间的信息传递,调控受体细胞的生物学功能。外泌体作为细胞间相互调控的囊泡,主要通过其内容物调控基因的表达及细胞功能,从而延缓甚至逆转椎间盘退变的发生与发展。

背景:外泌体可改善退变椎间盘的炎症微环境,但将单纯外泌体直接注射于退变椎间盘内的局部浓度与一过性地释放不能保证持续的作用,因此单纯的外泌体体内治疗效果有限。
目的:观察负载外泌体的葡聚糖/明胶复合水凝胶修复大鼠退变椎间盘的效果。
方法:提取大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞外泌体。利用Schiff交联反应制备负载外泌体的葡聚糖/明胶复合水凝胶,检测水凝胶的微观结构、弹性模量与体外缓释性能。取60只SD大鼠,采用随机数字表法分为5组,每组12只:A组为正常对照,B、C、D、E组采用经皮穿刺法建立椎间盘退变模型,依次向退变椎间盘内注射PBS、外泌体、葡聚糖/明胶复合水凝胶与负载外泌体的葡聚糖/明胶复合水凝胶,术后8周,分别进行影像学、病理组织学与Western blot检测。

结果与结论:①负载外泌体的葡聚糖/明胶复合水凝胶呈现三维多孔结构,孔隙之间相互连通,孔径为50-200 μm,弹性模量(4.41±0.23) kPa,在体外可持续稳定释放外泌体达20 d以上。②术后8周X射线片显示,与A组比较,B-E组椎间盘高度指数百分比降低(P < 0.05);与B组比较,C-E组椎间盘高度指数百分比升高(P < 0.05),其中E组升高最明显。术后8周MRI检查显示,与A组比较,B-E组髓核组织结构均遭到不同程度破坏;与B组比较,C-E组髓核组织结构均得到不同程度改善,其中E组改善最明显。③术后8周的苏木精-伊红染色与番红O 染色显示,B组髓核结构遭到严重破坏,仅含有少量的胶原组织;C-E组髓核结构相较于B组有所改善,其中E组髓核组织结构更细清晰、规则且胶原含量最多。④Western blot检测显示,与A组比较,B-E组Ⅱ型胶原、蛋白聚糖蛋白表达减少(P < 0.05);与B组比较,C-E组Ⅱ型胶原、蛋白聚糖蛋白表达增加(P < 0.05),其中E组增加最明显。⑤结果表明,将负载外泌体的葡聚糖/明胶复合水凝胶注射至退变椎间盘内,可在一定程度上恢复椎间盘高度与信号强度,恢复组织结构,延缓椎间盘退变。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8262-7306(潘玉军)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料口腔生物材料纳米材料缓释材料材料相容性组织工程

关键词: 椎间盘退变, 水凝胶, 外泌体, 复合水凝胶, 动物实验

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Exosomes can improve the inflammatory microenvironment of the degenerated intervertebral disc. However, direct injection of exosomes into the degenerated intervertebral disc at local concentrations and transient release cannot guarantee sustained effects, so the in vivo therapeutic effect of exosomes alone is limited. 
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of exosome-loaded glucan/gelatin composite hydrogel on repairing rat degenerative intervertebral disc. 
METHODS: Exosomes were extracted from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of rats. Exosome-loaded dextran/gelatin composite hydrogels were prepared by Schiff crosslinking reaction, and the microstructure and elastic modulus of the hydrogels were detected. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, with 12 rats in each group. Group A was the normal control. In groups B, C, D, and E, the intervertebral disc degeneration model was established by percutaneous puncture. PBS, exosomes, glucan/gelatin composite hydrogel and exosome-loaded glucan/gelatin composite hydrogel were injected into the intervertebral disc in turn. At postoperative 8 weeks, imaging, histopathology and western blot assay were performed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The exosome-loaded glucan/gelatin composite hydrogels presented a three-dimensional porous structure with interconnected pores. The pore size was 50-200 μm, and the elastic modulus was (4.41±0.23) kPa, respectively. The exosomes could be released continuously and stably in vitro for more than 20 days. (2) At 8 weeks after operation, X-ray films exhibited that the intervertebral disc height index percentages of rats in groups B-E were lower than those in group A (P < 0.05). The intervertebral disc height index percentages of rats in groups C, D and E were higher than those in group B 
(P < 0.05), of which group E was the most obvious. At 8 weeks after operation, MRI examination showed compared with group A, the tissue structure of nucleus pulposus in groups B-E was damaged to different degrees. Compared with group B, the tissue structure of nucleus pulposus in groups C-E was improved to varying degrees, among which group E had the most obvious improvement. (3) Hematoxylin-eosin staining and saffron O staining at 8 weeks after surgery exhibited that the structure of the nucleus pulposus in group B was severely damaged and only contained a small amount of collagen. Compared with group B, the structure of nucleus pulposus in groups C-E was improved, and the structure of nucleus pulposus in group E was finer, clearer, regular and had the most collagen content. (4) Western blot assay demonstrated that compared with group A, the expression levels of type II collagen and proteoglycan protein in groups B-E were decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with group B, the expression levels of type II collagen and proteoglycan protein in groups C-E were increased (P < 0.05), and those in group E were the most obvious. (5) It is concluded that the dextran/gelatin composite hydrogel loaded with exosomes injected into the degenerative intervertebral disc can restore the intervertebral disc height and intervertebral disc signal intensity, restore the tissue structure, and delay intervertebral disc degeneration to a certain extent.

Key words: intervertebral disc degeneration, hydrogel, exosome, composite hydrogel, animal experiment

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