中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 853-859.doi: 10.12307/2023.264

• 干细胞外泌体 Stem cell exosomes • 上一篇    下一篇

骨髓间充质干细胞来源外泌体对成肌细胞缺氧状态的影响

李启程1,2,邓  进2,付小洋1,2,韩  娜1,2   

  1. 北京大学人民医院,1中心实验室,2创伤骨科,北京市   100044
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-03 接受日期:2022-05-11 出版日期:2023-02-28 发布日期:2022-08-11
  • 通讯作者: 韩娜,博士,副研究员,硕士生导师,北京大学人民医院中心实验室,创伤骨科,北京市 100044
  • 作者简介:李启程,男,1995年生,安徽省合肥市人,汉族,北京大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事创伤与神经损伤修复研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31671248),项目负责人:韩娜;北京市自然科学基金(7222198),项目负责人:韩娜

Effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes on hypoxia-treated myoblasts

Li Qicheng1, 2, Deng Jin2, Fu Xiaoyang1, 2, Han Na1, 2   

  1. 1Central Laboratory, 2Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
  • Received:2022-03-03 Accepted:2022-05-11 Online:2023-02-28 Published:2022-08-11
  • Contact: Han Na, PhD, Associate researcher, Master’s supervisor, Central Laboratory, and Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
  • About author:Li Qicheng, Master candidate, Physician, Central Laboratory, and Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant No. 31671248 (to HN); Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality, Grant No. 7222198 (to HN)

摘要:

文题释义:
活性氧:是氧化应激反应中的重要信号分子,包括氧自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基、单线态氧等,活性氧的过量积聚可破坏细胞内稳态,导致氧化应激和线粒体功能障碍。
外泌体:是直径30-150 nm的细胞膜来源囊泡,是几乎所有细胞均能分泌的功能性囊泡,通过携带蛋白质、脂质、RNA分子等参与细胞间的通讯。

背景:细胞在缺氧条件下会发生功能的变化,而间充质干细胞分泌的外泌体可以缓解细胞缺氧带来的病理性损伤。
目的:探讨不同浓度氯化钴对成肌细胞功能变化的影响,并进一步研究骨髓间充质干细胞来源外泌体对成肌细胞缺氧凋亡和活性氧产生的作用。
方法:体外分离SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,通过超速离心法提取外泌体,采用透射电镜、纳米颗粒跟踪分析、Western blot对外泌体进行鉴定。应用0,50,100,200 μmol/L氯化钴干预C2C12成肌细胞1,3,5,7 d,CCK-8检测成肌细胞增殖活性变化;干预5 d,qRT-PCR检测成肌分化基因MyHC、MyoD、MyoG的表达水平,改良吉姆萨染色观察成肌细胞融合情况;干预3,5 d,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;干预3 d,使用DCFH-DA染色观察细胞活性氧水平。成肌细胞分为4组:对照组(0 μmol/L 氯化钴),氯化钴组(200 μmol/L 氯化钴),外泌体组(200 μmol/L氯化钴+50 mg/L外泌体),NAC组(200 μmol/L氯化钴+2 mmol/L抗氧化剂NAC)处理,干预3 d,检测凋亡率和活性氧水平。
结果与结论:①外泌体呈杯口状结构,粒径分布在30-150 nm之间,CD9、TSG101表达阳性;②氯化钴对成肌细胞的增殖、分化有显著抑制作用(P < 0.05),并且促进了细胞凋亡(P < 0.05),高浓度的氯化钴对成肌细胞的功能抑制作用更加明显;③外泌体能够降低200 μmol/L 氯化钴所诱导的成肌细胞缺氧凋亡和活性氧水平(P < 0.05),并与抗活性氧试剂NAC具有相似的作用(P < 0.05);④结果表明,氯化钴对成肌细胞的生理功能抑制作用具有一定的浓度和时间依赖性,而骨髓间充质干细胞来源外泌体与NAC具有相似的抗缺氧凋亡和降低活性氧产生的作用,其机制可能为外泌体通过降低活性氧产生的途径而缓解了成肌细胞的缺氧凋亡。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7967-4854 (李启程);https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4590-3361 (韩娜)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 干细胞, 间充质干细胞, 骨髓间充质干细胞, 外泌体, 成肌细胞, 低氧, 凋亡, 活性氧, 氯化钴

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The cellular functions will be changed in hypoxic conditions, and the exosomes secreted by mesenchymal stem cells can alleviate the pathological damage caused by hypoxia.  
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different concentrations of CoCl2 on the functional changes of myoblasts, and to further study the effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production of hypoxia-treated myoblasts.
METHODS:  Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from SD rats were isolated in vitro. Exosomes were extracted by ultracentrifugation and identified by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and western blot assay. Myoblasts were treated with 0, 50, 100, 200 μmol/L CoCl2 for 1, 3, 5, 7 days, and the proliferation activity of myoblasts was detected by CCK-8 assay. After 5 days of treatment, the expression levels of myoblasts differentiation genes MyHC, MyoD and MyoG were detected by qRT-PCR, and the fusion of myoblasts was observed by modified Giemsa staining. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of myoblasts after treatment for 3 and 5 days. DCFH-DA staining was used to observe the changes of reactive oxygen species of myoblasts after 3 days of treatment. Myoblasts were divided into four groups: control group (0 μmol/L CoCl2), CoCl2 group (200 μmol/L CoCl2), exosomes group (200 μmol/L CoCl2+50 μg/mL exosomes), and NAC group (200 μmol/L CoCl2+2 mmol/L NAC). The apoptosis rate and reactive oxygen species level were detected after 3 days of treatment.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The exosomes showed cup-like structure. The particle size distribution of exosomes was between 30-150 nm, and the expression of CD9 and TSG101 was positive. (2) CoCl2 had a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts (P < 0.05) and promoted the apoptosis of myoblasts (P < 0.05), and the high concentration of CoCl2 had a more obvious inhibitory effect on the functions of myoblasts. (3) Exosomes reduced the apoptosis rate of myoblasts and reactive oxygen species level induced by 200 μmol/L CoCl2 (P < 0.05), and it was similar to the anti-reactive oxygen species reagent NAC in reducing the level of reactive oxygen species (P < 0.05). (4) These findings suggest that CoCl2 had different inhibitory effects on the physiological functions of myoblasts in a concentration-time dependent manner, while the exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and NAC had similar effects of anti-hypoxia apoptosis and reducing the reactive oxygen species. The mechanism may be that the exosomes alleviated the hypoxia-induced apoptosis of myoblasts by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species.

Key words: stem cell, mesenchymal stem cell, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell, exosome, myoblast, hypoxia, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, CoCl2

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