中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (14): 2215-2220.doi: 10.12307/2024.357

• 肌肉肌腱韧带组织构建 tissue construction of the muscle, tendon and ligament • 上一篇    下一篇

前交叉韧带重建患者双腿垂直跳跃期间的下肢生物力学特征

王  玲1,2,姜  霞3,陈  鹏1,2,郑  成3,徐金容4   

  1. 武汉体育学院,1运动医学院,2国家体育总局体育工程重点实验室,湖北省武汉市  430079;3武汉体育学院医院,湖北省武汉市  430079;4华中师范大学医院,湖北省武汉市  430079
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-28 接受日期:2023-06-26 出版日期:2024-05-18 发布日期:2023-07-28
  • 通讯作者: 徐金容,医学硕士,副主任医师,华中师范大学医院,湖北省武汉市 430079
  • 作者简介:王玲,女,1996年生,湖北省黄石市人,汉族,武汉体育学院在读硕士,主要从事运动损伤与康复相关研究。 姜霞,女,1973年生,湖北省荆州市人,汉族,医学硕士,副主任医师,主要从事运动系统损伤临床与基础研究。
  • 基金资助:
    武汉体育学院东湖学者计划及武汉体育学院青年教师科研基金(20Z01),项目负责人:郑成

Biomechanical characteristics of the lower limbs of athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction during bilateral vertical jumping

Wang Ling1, 2, Jiang Xia3, Chen Peng1, 2, Zheng Cheng3, Xu Jinrong4   

  1. 1School of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China; 2Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sport of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China; 3Affiliated Hospital of Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China; 4Central China Normal University Hospital, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China
  • Received:2023-04-28 Accepted:2023-06-26 Online:2024-05-18 Published:2023-07-28
  • Contact: Xu Jinrong, Master, Associate chief physician, Central China Normal University Hospital, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China
  • About author:Wang Ling, Master candidate, School of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sport of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Donghu Scholar Program of Wuhan Sports University and Research Fund for Young Teachers of Wuhan Sports University, No. 20Z01 (to ZC)

摘要:


文题释义:

前交叉韧带重建:前交叉韧带断裂后,通过外科手术的方法对前交叉韧带进行重建,通常使用自体肌腱、同种异体肌腱和人工韧带等作为重建移植物以此来恢复韧带的宏观结构,被认为是恢复伤前运动水平的金标准。
生物力学:运用力学的观点、方法和理论对生物体结构和功能进行研究的生物物理学分支。通过生物力学分析受试者运动质量,可以为识别异常负荷策略、降低损伤风险提供有价值的信息。


背景:目前常采用术后时间或临床医生主观标准来确定前交叉韧带重建后患者重返运动时机,但这些标准没有充分考虑到前交叉韧带重建后患者的下肢生物力学缺陷。

目的:探究前交叉韧带重建后患者双腿垂直跳跃期间的下肢运动学与动力学特征。
方法:于2021年12月至2022年12月在武汉体育学院招募前交叉韧带重建后运动员与健康运动员各20名,年龄20-24岁,40名受试者进行双腿垂直跳跃试验,采集双腿垂直跳跃起跳阶段、初始着地时刻和垂直地面反作用力峰值时刻的运动学、动力学特征。

结果与结论:①初始着地时刻,与健康对照组相比,前交叉韧带重建组受试者术侧显示出更高的髋关节屈曲角度及更低的踝关节跖屈角度(P=0.013,P=0.018);②垂直地面反作用力峰值时刻,与健康对照组相比,前交叉韧带重建组受试者术侧表现出更高的髋关节屈曲角度、膝关节外旋角度及踝关节外旋角度(P=0.016,P=0.030,P=0.042),更低的髋关节外展角度及膝关节屈曲角度(P=0.019,P=0.025);③垂直地面反作用力峰值时刻,与健康对照组相比,前交叉韧带重建组受试者术侧显示出更低的膝关节伸展力矩、膝关节内旋力矩及髋关节外展力矩(P=0.036,P=0.016,P=0.004),术侧表现出更高的髋关节伸展力矩及髋关节外旋力矩(P=0.040,P=0.005);④结果说明,前交叉韧带重建后患者表现出僵硬的着陆模式,倾向于将术侧膝关节负荷转移至髋关节,并显示出下肢旋转稳定性控制不足,因此检测和纠正异常生物力学特征应该成为前交叉韧带重建术后康复的一部分。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9286-3991(王玲)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 前交叉韧带重建, 双腿垂直跳跃, 重返运动, 生物力学, 运动学参数, 动力学参数

Abstract: BACKGROUND: At present, postoperative timing or subjective criteria by clinicians are commonly employed to determine the return-to-sport timing for patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Unfortunately, these criteria do not adequately consider the biomechanical deficits in patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the lower extremity kinematic and kinetic characteristics of athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction during bilateral vertical jumping.
METHODS: Twenty athletes undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and twenty healthy athletes, aged 20-24 years, were recruited in Wuhan Sports University from December 2021 to December 2022. All the 40 subjects underwent a bilateral vertical jumping test. The kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the lower limbs at propulsion phase, initial landing time and peak vertical ground reaction force moment.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At the initial landing time, the athletes undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction showed higher hip flexion angle (P=0.031) and lower ankle plantar flexion angle (P=0.018) on the operated side compared with the healthy athletes. At the peak vertical ground reaction force moment, the athletes undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction had higher hip flexion angle (P=0.016), lower hip abduction angle (P=0.019), lower knee flexion angle (P=0.025), higher knee external rotation angle (P=0.030), and higher ankle external rotation angle (P=0.042) on the operated side compared with the healthy athletes. At the peak vertical ground reaction force moment, the athletes undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction showed lower knee extension moment (P=0.036), lower knee internal rotation moment (P=0.016), lower hip abduction moment (P=0.004), higher hip extension moment (P=0.040), and higher hip external rotation moment (P=0.005) on the operated side compared with the healthy athletes. To conclude, the athletes undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction exhibit a stiff landing pattern, in which the knee load on the operated side tends to shift to the hip joint, and show inadequate control of lower limb rotational stability. Therefore, detection and correction of abnormal biomechanical characteristics should be part of the rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Key words: anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, bilateral vertical jump, return to sport, biomechanics, kinematic parameter, kinetic parameter

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