中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (2): 322-328.doi: 10.12307/2022.1028

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    

运动调控乳酸代谢

朱苗苗1,2,孔凡明1,赵  倩3   

  1. 1北京体育大学竞技体育学院,北京市  100084;2聊城市第一实验学校,山东省聊城市  252001;3曲阜师范大学体育科学学院,山东省曲阜市  273165
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-15 接受日期:2022-02-11 出版日期:2023-01-18 发布日期:2022-06-20
  • 通讯作者: 孔凡明,博士研究生,北京体育大学竞技体育学院,北京市 100084
  • 作者简介:朱苗苗,女,1996年生,山东省聊城市人,汉族,北京体育大学硕士,主要从事运动与能量代谢方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    北京体育大学校级课题(2018PT007,20211021),项目参与人:孔凡明

Exercise regulates lactic acid metabolism

Zhu Miaomiao1, 2, Kong Fanming1, Zhao Qian3   

  1. 1Sport Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; 2Liaocheng No. 1 Experimental School, Liaocheng  252001, Shandong Province, China; 3College of Physical Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2021-12-15 Accepted:2022-02-11 Online:2023-01-18 Published:2022-06-20
  • Contact: Kong Fanming, PhD candidate, Sport Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
  • About author:Zhu Miaomiao, Master, Sport Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; Liaocheng No. 1 Experimental School, Liaocheng 252001, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Beijing Sport University School-level Projects, Nos. 2018PT007 and 20211021 (to KFM [project participant])

摘要:

文题释义:
乳酸:三碳分子,糖酵解过程的终(中)产物,既是体内一种重要的信号传导分子,又是一种不可或缺的代谢底物。
乳酸阈:在递增负荷运动中,血乳酸浓度随运动负荷的递增而增加,当运动强度达到某一负荷时,血乳酸出现急剧增加的拐点。
糖异生:一般指乳酸、甘油、生糖氨基酸以及丙酮酸等非糖物质生成葡萄糖的过程,主要发生在肝细胞液中,饥饿和酸中毒时,肾脏也可以进行糖异生。

背景:血乳酸作为运动科学领域研究中使用时间最长、应用范围最广泛的生理生化指标之一,其在制定训练方案、控制负荷强度、反映机体代谢以及在评定训练效果等方面发挥着重要作用。
目的:重新审视乳酸的功能与作用,系统梳理运动科学领域中乳酸代谢的最新进展,归纳总结运动调控脂肪氧化的生物学机制,并瞻望该领域的未来研究方向。
方法:通过中国知网(CNKI)、百链云图书馆、PubMed和EBSCO运动科学全文等中英文数据库及Researcher、ResearchGate学术社交平台,选取“运动,乳酸,乳酸阈,乳酸代谢,糖异生”及“sport,lactic acid,lactic acid threshold,lactic acid metabolism,gluconeogenesis”等作为检索词分别进行中文及英文组合检索,对最终纳入的相关文献进行归类、总结与提炼。
结果与结论:运动调控与乳酸代谢是一个复杂的非线性过程,运动方式、运动强度、运动时间、运动水平以及年龄、性别、肌纤维类型、营养状况和环境温度等因素相互关联、相互制约,并呈现出阶段性变化特征。从本质上说,乳酸实际上是代谢性应激反应的生物标志物,而不是反映机体缺氧状况的指标,它可作为一种重要的信号传导分子;同时乳酸也是一种不可或缺的能源物质,在糖异生过程中发挥着重要作用。乳酸指标在指导和监控耐力训练时具有较好的效果,而在监控爆发力等力量素质时效度较弱,因此运动实践中应在个性化的基础上,尽量和无氧阈、心率、最大摄氧量、肌酸激酶、尿蛋白和肌酐等指标相结合使用,从而提高其科学性和有效性。乳酸产生的原因是多方面的,氧气不是乳酸生成的必要条件,但乳酸的变化受体内氧气供应状况的影响。运动中糖酵解速率加快、乳酸产生与清除失衡以及快肌纤维被大量募集是产生乳酸的重要原因,这可能与不同人群呼吸系统摄取氧气的能力、心脏泵血和血液循环系统运输氧气的能力以及骨骼肌利用氧气的能力有关。运动对乳酸代谢的调控是一个多器官参与的生理生化过程,涉及神经、运动、循环、呼吸、消化和内分泌等系统。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3506-3485(朱苗苗);https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-1700(孔凡明)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 运动, 乳酸, 乳酸阈, 乳酸代谢, 糖异生, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Blood lactic acid is one of the longest used and most widely used indicators in the field of sports science. It plays an important role in formulating training programs, controlling load intensity, and evaluating training effects. 
OBJECTIVE: To re-examine the function and role of lactic acid, systematically review the latest developments in lactic acid metabolism in the field of sports science, summarize the biological mechanism of exercise regulating lipid oxidation, and look forward to the future research directions in this field. 
METHODS: We searched for relevant literature in Bailian Cloud Library, PubMed and EBSCO Sports Science Full Text and Researcher and ResearchGate academic social platforms. The search terms included “exercise; lactic acid; lactic acid threshold; lactic acid metabolism; gluconeogenesis” in Chinese and English. Included documents were classified, summarized, and refined.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Exercise-regulated lactic acid metabolism is a complex nonlinear process with the characteristics of stages. Exercise style, exercise intensity, exercise time, exercise level, age, sex, muscle fiber type, nutritional status, and environmental temperature are interrelated and mutually restricted. In essence, lactic acid is actually a biomarker of metabolic stress response, rather than an indicator of hypoxia in the body. It can be used as an important signaling molecule. Meanwhile, lactic acid is also an indispensable energy source and plays an important role in the process of gluconeogenesis. Lactic acid indicators have good effects on guiding and monitoring endurance training, but its validity is weak in monitoring strength qualities such as explosive power. Therefore, the use of lactic acid indicator should be individualized in sports practice combined with several indicators such as anaerobic threshold, heart rate, maximal oxygen uptake, creatine kinase, urine protein and creatinine whenever possible, so as to improve its scientificity and validity. There are many reasons for the production of lactic acid. Oxygen is not a necessary condition for the production of lactic acid, but changes in lactic acid are affected by oxygen supply in the body. The important reasons for the production of lactic acid include the increased rate of glycolysis, imbalance of lactic acid production and clearance, and large recruitment of fast-twitch fibers during exercise, which may be related to the ability of the respiratory system to take up oxygen, the ability of the heart to pump blood, the ability of the blood circulatory system to transport oxygen, and the ability of skeletal muscle to utilize oxygen. Regulation of lactic acid metabolism by exercise is a physiological and biochemical process involving multiple organs and nervous, exercise, circulatory, respiratory, digestive and endocrine systems.

Key words: exercise, lactic acid, lactic acid threshold, lactic acid metabolism, gluconeogenesis, review

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