中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (2): 276-281.doi: 10.12307/2022.1019

• 肌肉肌腱韧带组织构建 tissue construction of the muscle, tendon and ligament • 上一篇    下一篇

不同高度跳深时髋、膝关节协调模式与下肢肌肉活动的关系

王佳伟，刘  晔   

  1. 北京体育大学，北京市  100084
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-25 接受日期:2022-02-16 出版日期:2023-01-18 发布日期:2022-06-18
  • 通讯作者: 刘晔，博士，教授，北京体育大学运动人体科学学院，北京市 100084
  • 作者简介:王佳伟，男，1994年生，福建省泉州市人，汉族，北京体育大学在读硕士，主要从事运动协调与技术动作优化方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家体育总局科学健身指导内容项目(2017B022)，项目参与人：刘晔；教育部“运动与体质健康”重点实验室支持项目，项目负责人：刘晔

Hip and knee coordination patterns in relation to lower limb muscle activity during drop jumps at different heights

Wang Jiawei, Liu Ye   

  1. Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Received:2021-12-25 Accepted:2022-02-16 Online:2023-01-18 Published:2022-06-18
  • Contact: Liu Ye, MD, Professor, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
  • About author:Wang Jiawei, Master candidate, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Supported by:
    the Scientific Fitness Guidance Content Project of the General Administration of Sport of China, No. 2017B022 (to LY [project participant]); the Key Laboratory of “Sports and Physical Health” of the Ministry of Education (to LY)

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摘要：

文题释义：
跳深：是一项从高处跳下，又立即跳起的跳跃练习，因其快速拉长-缩短的特征，常用来发展下肢肌肉的爆发力。
关节协调：为肌肉在动态任务中控制关节的能力，研究关节协调策略能更深入地了解运动背后中枢神经系统的控制机制。

背景：异常的关节运动与损伤有关，关节协调常用于分析关节运动，肌肉活动会潜在影响关节间的协调，但目前此方面的研究尚不完善。
目的：分析不同高度跳深过程中髋、膝关节协调模式、肌肉活动水平及二者的相关性。
方法：对19名青年男性分别进行40，60，80 cm双腿跳深测试，测定臀大肌、半腱肌、股直肌、股外侧肌的肌电活动，计算髋、膝关节角度并采用矢量编码技术计算协调模式。使用单因素重复测量方差比较下肢肌肉活动和髋、膝关节协调模式的变化情况，使用Pearson与Spearman分析关节协调模式百分比与肌电活动水平的关系。
结果与结论：①在不同高度跳深的触地-起跳阶段，40 cm与60 cm、40 cm与80 cm、60 cm与80 cm的矢状面同相、远端协调模式百分比差异有显著性意义(P < 0.001)；②40 cm与80 cm、60 cm与80 cm的水平面同相、远端协调模式百分比差异有显著性意义(P < 0.001)；③半腱肌的肌肉活动在40 cm与60 cm差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)，股直肌的肌肉活动在40 cm与80 cm差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)；④40 cm时半腱肌的肌肉活动与矢状面的同相协调模式百分比呈正相关(r=0.46，P=0.046)，40 cm时臀大肌的肌肉活动、80 cm时股直肌的肌肉活动均与水平面同相协调模式百分比有正相关趋势(r=0.43，P=0.064；r=0.45，P=0.069)；⑤结果表明，随着跳深高度增加，髋、膝关节同相协调减少、远端膝关节主导的协调增加，40 cm与60 cm跳深时下肢关节具有更好的协调性，预示着在此梯度进行训练的损伤风险较小；肌肉活动水平随着跳深高度增加而增加，其中半腱肌、臀大肌、股直肌的肌肉活动与髋、膝关节协调运动有关。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6952-0360(王佳伟)；https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9265-317X(刘晔)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程

关键词: 跳深, 髋关节, 膝关节, 运动协调, 肌肉活动, 矢量编码

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Abnormal joint movements are associated with injury. Joint coordination is commonly used to analyze joint movements and muscle activity can potentially affect inter-joint coordination. However, there are yet no sufficient studies in this field. 
OBJECTIVE: To identify the inter-segment coordination patterns and muscle activity levels of the hip and knee joints during drop jump at different heights and the correlation between them. 
METHODS: Nineteen young men were tested with 40, 60, and 80 cm drop jumps, and the electromyographic activity of the gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis was measured, hip and knee joint angles were calculated and coordination patterns were calculated using a vector coding technique. Changes in lower limb muscle activity and hip and knee coordination patterns were compared using one-way repeated measures of variance. Pearson and Spearman analyses were used to relate the percentage of inter-segment coordination patterns to EMG activity levels. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were significant differences in the percentage of in-phase and knee-phase in the sagittal plane between 40 and 60 cm, 40 and 80 cm, and 60 and 80cm during the contact - take-off of drop jumps at different heights (P < 0.001). There were significant differences in the percentage of in-phase and knee-phase in the horizontal plane between 40 and 80 cm as well as between 60 and 80 cm (P < 0.001). Muscle activity of the semitendinosus was significantly different between 40 and 60 cm (P < 0.05). Muscle activity of the rectus femoris was significantly different between 40 and 80 cm (P < 0.05). Muscle activity of the semitendinosus at 40 cm was positively correlated with the percentage of in-phase in the sagittal plane (r=0.46, P=0.046). Muscle activity of the gluteus maximus at 40 cm and that of the rectus femoris at 80 cm both had a positive correlation with the percentage of in-phase in the horizontal plane (r=0.43, P=0.064; r=0.45, P=0.069). To conclude, as height increases, hip and knee in-phase coordination decreases and distal knee dominant coordination increases, with better coordination of the lower limb joints at the height of 40 cm and 60 cm, predicting a lower risk of injury when training at this gradient. Muscle activity levels can increase with height and muscle activities of the semitendinosus, gluteus maximus and rectus femoris are associated with coordinated hip and knee movements.

Key words: drop jump, hip joint, knee joint, motor coordination, muscle activity, vector coding

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