中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (8): 1293-1298.doi: 10.12307/2022.238

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

前交叉韧带重建:从腱骨止点到腱骨愈合的研究进展

吴冰霜1,汪  志2,唐  懿3,唐晓俞4,李  棋5   

  1. 成都第一骨科医院,1运动医学科,2老年骨科,3关节科,四川省成都市   610000;4滨州医学院,山东省烟台市   264000;5四川大学华西医院骨科,四川省成都市   610000
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-26 修回日期:2021-02-23 接受日期:2021-06-05 出版日期:2022-03-18 发布日期:2021-11-02
  • 通讯作者: 李棋,博士,副主任医师,四川大学华西医院骨科,运动医学中心,四川省成都市 610000
  • 作者简介:吴冰霜,男,1981年生,重庆市人,汉族,2006年成都中医药大学毕业,副主任医师,主要从事骨骼系统的损伤与修复研究。
  • 基金资助:
    四川省科技计划项目(2020YFS0078),项目负责人:李棋

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: from enthesis to tendon-to-bone healing

Wu Bingshuang1, Wang Zhi2, Tang Yi3, Tang Xiaoyu4, Li Qi5   

  1. 1Department of Sports Medicine, 2Department of Geriatric Orthopedics, 3Department of Arthritis, No. 1 Orthopedics Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China; 4Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China; 5Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2021-01-26 Revised:2021-02-23 Accepted:2021-06-05 Online:2022-03-18 Published:2021-11-02
  • Contact: Li Qi, MD, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Wu Bingshuang, Associate chief physician, Department of Sports Medicine, No. 1 Orthopedics Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Scientific and Technological Plan of Sichuan Province, No. 2020YFS0078 (to LQ)

摘要:

文题释义:
腱骨愈合:肌腱移植到骨隧道的愈合,可分4个阶段:炎症期、增殖期、基质合成和基质重塑。
直接型止点:肌腱与骨的结合发生在一个称为止点的特殊界面上,直接型止点与间接性止点相对,由纤维软骨过渡到骨性组织而成。
背景:目前前交叉韧带重建后腱骨愈合仍旧是影响腱骨愈合的关键因素,已有相关的基础研究及临床研究报道,但仍缺乏相关的综述。 
目的:总结前交叉韧带腱骨止点的微解剖结构、力学和相关生物因子分布特点,并探讨其重建中腱骨愈合的研究进展。
方法:通过回顾过往文献,应用“ACL,tendon-to-bone healing,ligament reconstruction”等关键词汇及其Mesh匹配词汇在PubMed、Embase、Medline等数据库检索10年内的文献,从而对前交叉韧带在骨面上止点的结构特点做一综述,并总结当前临床腱骨愈合的研究进展。
结果与结论:①研究表明前交叉韧带在股骨侧和胫骨侧止点属于直接型止点,由纤维软骨过渡到骨性组织;②止点中软骨层分布在股骨侧形态学上厚度更大,在前内侧束更大,这与发育过程中力学刺激有关系;③且分子与蛋白从腱性结构过渡到骨性组织有一定规律,在腱性主要为Ⅰ型胶原,过渡到附着点的Ⅱ型胶原后,再到骨组织的Ⅰ型胶原;④目前临床上主要通过富血小板血浆等生物因子对腱骨愈合进行强化,改变手术方式和移植物固定方式以改变力学环境或使用组织工程的方法促进腱骨愈合,其结果尚有一定差异;⑤提示通过对原生前交叉韧带止点的基础层面进行研究,可以依此改进手术重建方式,以期恢复其原有的愈合程度和力学功能;临床研究上,生物因子、术式改进和新材料引入的相关研究逐步增加,但仍旧缺乏较系统的验证,后期应从分子、蛋白、细胞、动物实验再到临床随机对照试验上进一步验证。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9995-5944 (吴冰霜) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 膝关节, 前交叉韧带, 腱骨止点, 腱骨愈合, 韧带重建

Abstract: BACKGROUND: At present, tendon-to-bone healing after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is still the key factor affecting tendon and bone healing. There have been relevant basic research and clinical research reports; however, there is still a lack of relevant reviews.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the microanatomical structure, mechanical and distribution characteristics of related biological factors of tendon-bone enthesis of the ACL and to discuss the research progress in tendon-to-bone healing after ACL reconstruction.
METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Medline databases for relevant literature published within 10 years using the keywords, including “ACL, tendon-to-bone healing, ligament reconstruction,” and matched Mesh terms. We therefore reviewed the structural characteristics of the tendon-bone enthesis of the ACL and summarized the current research progress in clinical tendon-to-bone healing.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Studies have shown that the femoral and humeral entheses of the ACL are direct entheses, transitioning from fibrocartilage to osseous tissue. The fibrocartilage layer is thicker on the femoral side than on the tibial side and larger on the anterior medial bundle, which is related to the mechanical stimulation during development. In addition, there is a certain law for the transition of molecules and proteins from tendonous structure to osseous tissue, which is mainly present with type I collagen in the tendon, type II collagen at the attachment point, and then type I collagen in bone tissue. Currently, tendon-to-bone healing is mainly enhanced by biological factors such as platelet-rich plasma. The surgical method and the graft fixation method have been developed to promote tendon-to-bone healing by modifying the mechanical environment or using tissue engineering. However, the results are still somewhat different. By studying the basic level of native ACL enthesis, the surgical reconstruction method can be improved accordingly in order to restore its original healing and mechanical function. In clinical research, studies on the use of biological factors, surgical improvements, and the introduction of new materials have gradually increased, but there is still a lack of relatively systematic verification. In the future, it should be further verified from molecular, protein, cell, and animal experiments to clinical randomized controlled trials.


Key words: knee joint, anterior cruciate ligament, tendon-to-bone enthesis, tendon-to-bone healing, ligament reconstruction

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