中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (6): 898-903.doi: 10.12307/2022.173

• 人工假体Artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

止血带与驱血带联合使用对膝关节镜术后短期下肢静脉血栓形成的影响

杨  阳1,李纳玺1,张  建2,王  勉2,龚泰芳3,辜刘伟4   

  1. 1锦州医科大学十堰市太和医院研究生培养基地(湖北医药学院附属医院),湖北省十堰市   442000;2湖北医药学院,湖北省十堰市   442000;3湖北医药学院附属太和医院骨关节与运动医学科,湖北省十堰市   442000;4锦州医科大学十堰市人民医院研究生培养基地(湖北医药学院附属医院),湖北省十堰市   442000
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-19 修回日期:2021-05-20 接受日期:2021-06-30 出版日期:2022-02-28 发布日期:2021-12-07
  • 通讯作者: 龚泰芳,教授,硕士生导师,湖北医药学院附属太和医院骨关节与运动医学科,湖北省十堰市 442000
  • 作者简介:杨阳,男,1995年生,宁夏回族自治区银川市人,回族,锦州医科大学在读硕士,主要从事骨关节与运动医学研究。

Effect of tourniquet combined with exsanguination band use on short-term lower extremity venous thrombosis after knee arthroscopy

Yang Yang1, Li Naxi1, Zhang Jian2, Wang Mian2, Gong Taifang3, Gu Liuwei4   

  1. 1Postgraduate Training Basement of Jinzhou Medical University, Taihe Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Medical College); 2Hubei Medical College; 3Department of Orthopedics, Joint and Sports Medicine, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Hubei Medical College; 4Postgraduate Training Basement of Jinzhou Medical University, Shiyan People’s Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Medical College)
  • Received:2021-05-19 Revised:2021-05-20 Accepted:2021-06-30 Online:2022-02-28 Published:2021-12-07
  • Contact: Gong Taifang, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Orthopedics, Joint and Sports Medicine, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Hubei Medical College, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
  • About author:Yang Yang, Master candidate, Postgraduate Training Basement of Jinzhou Medical University, Taihe Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Medical College), Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
肌间静脉血栓:通常指肌肉间小静脉产生的血栓性疾病,一般指小腿的肌间静脉血栓,因小腿内有较多肌肉如腓肠肌等,且静脉血管较细,较易形成血栓。在下肢手术中,由于术后患者活动减少、长期卧床或是术后制动等因素常会发生下肢肌间静脉血栓,虽然是小静脉栓塞,却仍可导致肺栓塞、脑栓塞的发生,危及生命。
肺动脉栓塞:指内源性或外源性栓子栓塞肺动脉或其分支引起肺循环障碍的临床和病理生理综合征。在院内,特别是骨科患者,多数都因下肢静脉血栓的脱落而造成,因创伤、长期卧床、盆、髋及下肢手术容易诱发下肢血栓形成,所以对骨科患者常会在未发现下肢静脉血栓的情况下指导患者进行功能锻炼,避免继发致命性肺栓塞。

背景:膝关节镜术后下肢深静脉血栓的发生率在0.27%-17.5%之间,因此积极预防膝关节镜术后下肢静脉血栓的发生具有重要意义。
目的:研究膝关节镜术中常规止血带下使用驱血带驱血对患者术后早期下肢静脉血栓发生率的影响。
方法:纳入2019年6月至2020年12月在湖北医药学院附属太和医院行膝关节镜手术的患者200例,年龄40-60岁,根据术中是否使用驱血带驱血分为驱血带组(n=100)和抬腿驱血组(n=100),驱血后两组均使用加压止血带止血。术前1 d及术后1,3,7,14 d,检测两组患者血液凝血功能状态;术后2 d,利用彩色多普勒超声评估两组患者下肢静脉血栓发生情况;术后1,3,7 d,比较两组患者膝关节活动度。研究获得湖北医药学院附属太和医院伦理审批(医院伦理批件号:2021KS096)。
结果与结论:①两组患者术后的血浆凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血酶原时间、D-二聚体水平与术前相比均有不同程度增加;术后1,3,7 d,驱血带组患者的血浆凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血酶原时间、D-二聚体水平较抬腿驱血组增加(P < 0.05);术后14 d,两组患者3个指标检测结果比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。②彩色多普勒超声检查显示,两组患者均未发生下肢深静脉血栓形成,但有较多下肢肌间静脉血栓发生,驱血带组患者的肌间静脉血栓发生率高于抬腿驱血组(28%,16%,P < 0.05)。③两组患者术后的膝关节活动度比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。④结果表明,止血带联合驱血带使用后可加重膝关节镜手术患者术后血液高凝状态,增加下肢肌间静脉血栓发生率及由此引起的继发性肺栓塞风险,但不会增加术后下肢深静脉血栓的发生率。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1354-3675 (杨阳) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 止血带, 驱血带, 膝关节镜, 下肢深静脉血栓, 肌间静脉血栓, 肺动脉栓塞, 凝血功能, 膝关节活动度

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis after knee arthroscopy is between 0.27% and 17.5%, so it is of great significance to actively prevent the occurrence of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis after knee arthroscopy.  
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of using exsanguination band under routine tourniquet during knee arthroscopy on the incidence of lower extremity venous thrombosis in the early postoperative period.
METHODS:  Totally 200 patients between the ages of 40 and 60 years who underwent knee arthroscopic surgery in the Taihe Hospital of Hubei Medical College from June 2019 to December 2020 were included, including 100 patients in the driven blood band group and 100 patients in the leg raising driven blood group. Pressure tourniquet was used to stop bleeding in both groups after blood evacuation. Blood coagulation was detected in both groups 1 day before operation, 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after operation. Color Doppler ultrasound of the lower extremity veins was performed 2 days after the operation to evaluate the occurrence of lower extremity vein thrombus. Motion range of the knee was compared between the two groups at 1, 3, and 7 days after operation. This study was approved by the Taihe Hospital of Hubei Medical College (approval No. 2021KS096).  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and D-dimer level were increased after operation compared with those before operation in both groups. Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and D-dimer level were increased at 1, 3 and 7 days postoperatively in the driven blood band group compared with the leg raising driven blood group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups at 14 days postoperatively (P > 0.05). (2) Color Doppler ultrasound examination showed that there was no deep venous thrombosis in the lower extremities between the two groups, but there were more intermuscular venous thrombosis in the lower extremities. The incidence of intermuscular venous thrombosis was higher in the driven blood band group than that in the leg raising driven blood group (28%, 16%, P < 0.05). (3) There was no significant difference in motion range of the knee after operation in both groups (P > 0.05). (4) Results suggest that tourniquet combined with exsanguination band use can aggravate the hypercoagulable state of patients after knee arthroscopy, which increases the incidence of intermuscular venous thrombosis in the lower extremities and the risk of secondary pulmonary embolism caused by this, but will not increase the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities after surgery.

Key words: tourniquet, exsanguination band, knee arthroscopy, lower extremity deep vein thrombosis, intermuscular vein thrombosis, pulmonary artery embolism, coagulation function, knee motion range

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